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Flashcards in Paper 1 Deck (24)
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1
Q

Suggest why vitamin D deficiency is More of a problem for children than for adults

A

Children’s bones are still growing whereas adult’s are fully developed

2
Q

Vitamins are an essential part of a balanced diet.

Give three other components of a balanced diet.

A
Fat/lipids
Carbohydrates
Protein
Fibre/roughage
Water
Mineral/so/ions
3
Q

Suggest why is that sweet snacks, chocolate and soft drink is an unsustainable diet for children who are not very active

A

High on sugar/fat

Energy not used/not burn

4
Q

Suggest the health problems that might develop if children have too much fat in their diets

A
Obesity/overweight
Diabetes
Heart disease/heart attack
Block of arteries
Stroke
5
Q

Describe how you would carry out an experiment to find out the energy value of the potato crisp

A
Weigh crisp
Burn crisp
Make sure crisp is burned completely
Heat water
Hold burning Crisp underwater
Find the volume of water
Measure temperature before and after/temperature rise/change in temperature
6
Q

Humans are affected by many viruses. Viruses only contain one sort of…….Acid/either DNA or…….

A

Nucleic

RNA

7
Q

One virus, which causes the disease AIDS, is the……. virus. People with AIDS are vulnerable to infection because their…… system does not work so effectively. This means that they are not able to produce ..….blood cells that normally fight off infections by producing specific proteins called….That help to destroy pathogens

A

HIV
Immune
White
Antibodies

8
Q

Diseases caused by viruses can be prevented by injecting the body with an inactive form of the virus. The method of injecting is known as…… And stimulates the bodies defence system to produce memory cells

A

Immunisation

9
Q

Suggest how someone could accurately determine their body temperature

A

Put a thermometer in the mouth

10
Q

Hormone?
Repairs uterus lining
Develops secondary sexual characteristic

A

Oestrogen

11
Q

Hormone?
Maintains uterus lining
Prevents eight release

A

Progesterone

12
Q

How does progesterone and oestrogen travel from the ovary to the uterus?

A

In the blood/plasma

13
Q

Give two female secondary sexual characteristics

A

Breasts/mammary glands/nipples
Wide hips
Pubic hair
Menstruation/period

14
Q

Name the process that cuts DNA in genetic modification/cloning

A

Restriction enzyme

15
Q

In the enzyme that joins DNA

A

Ligase

16
Q

Name a vector

A

Plasmid/virus/gene gun

17
Q

A clone sheep is transgenic.

What is meant by the term transgenic?

A

Genes/DNA/allele from different species/human genes in sheep

18
Q

A transgenic sheep can be produced by cloning.

Suggest the advantages of reproducing the transgenic sheep by cloning. (3 marks)

A
  • Genetically identical/same jeans/same DNA/all sheep have the gene
  • Produce the protein/plotting agent
  • More human protein/clotting agents/mass production
  • More sheep/many sheep/faster reproduction asleep/faster production of offspring
  • Only have to GM once
19
Q

Name the small structures in normal plasma that are involved in blood clotting

A

Platelets

20
Q

Explain why it is important have blood that clots

A

Less blood loss

Less entry of microbes

21
Q

Describe how the process of nitrification affects the availability of nitrates to plants

A

Nitrifying bacteria

Ammonia/ammonium provided to plants

22
Q

Some farmers growing a vegetable such as clover in their field day then plough them into the soil for growing crops.

Suggest why they do this.

A
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Nitrogen into nitrates
Ammonia
Amino acids/proteins
Growth/high yield
Decompositions/decomposes
Decomposing bacteria/Fungi
Mineral ions/salts
23
Q

Explain why only about 10% of the energy in cereal crop is transferred to organisms that eat the crop

A

Respiration
Not all eaten
Not all digested

24
Q

Describe the biological consequences of cigarette smoking on the human lungs. (5 marks)

A
Emphysema
Damage to alveoli
Bronchitis
Bacteria/infection
Cilia damaged
Build up of mucus
Cancer/mutation
Tar