Complete the table (X what each organism has; N is what they dont have)
Chloroplasts:Cytoplasm:Cell wall: nucl:
Fungus. X
Bacterium
Virus
Chloroplasts:Cytoplasm:Cell wall: nucl:
Fungus. N X X X
Bacterium. N X. X. N
Virus. N. N. N. N
Suggest what is meant by the term endangered species
Lower numbers/risk of extinction
What is the function of the pulmonary artery?
Blood:/alveoli
Obtain oxygen/oxygenated/release carbon dioxide/deoxygenated
Describe and explain the biological consequences of smoking on the human heart
(5 marks)
Blockage/narrowing
Blood vessels/artery
Fat/fatty deposit/cholesterol
The less oxygen/less glucose
Anaerobic respiration causes buildup in lactic acid
Heart attack/heart disease
Nicotine/carbon monoxide
increased heart rate up/high blood pressure
In the process that produces lactic acid
Anaerobic respiration
An athlete breathes deeply, this can help reduce the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells while running. Suggest why.
More oxygen
More Aerobic respiration
Complete the table by writing the change and effect in any empty slot
Change: Effect:
More sweat released.
More adrenaline released
More blood flow to skin
Change: Effect:
More sweat released. Heat loss
More adrenaline released. Increase heart rate
vasodilation More blood flow to skin
Complete the table
Plant part: Stimulus: Response:
Stem. Light. P. phototropism
Root. Light
N. geotropism
Plant part: Stimulus: Response:
Stem. Light. P. phototropism
Root. Light. N. phototropism
Stem/shoot Gravity N. geotropism
Explain why it is an advantage for plant stems to show positive phototropism (2 marks)
Obtain light
Photosynthesis
Make glucose/starch/sugar/carbohydrate
Complete the passage:
A……from a body cell was taken from a cloned cat’s mother was put into…….Egg cell. The egg cell was then given an electric shock to make it divide by the process of…….The resulting ball of cells, called an ……., Was placed into the…….Of another cat (surrogate mother) and after some time the cloned cat was born. The cloned cat is known as the clone because she is genetically…..to her mother.
Nucleus
Empty/ enucleated
Mitosis
Embryo
Uterus/womb
Identical
A cat was clones
Use the symbols XX or XY to complete the table to show the sex chromosomes of each of the animals used in cloning the cat
Cloned cat’s mother: XX
The surrogate mother:
The cloned cat:
Cloned cat’s mother: XX
The surrogate mother: XX
The cloned cat: XX
Suggest one way in which the pollen from wind pollinated flowers is different from the pollen in insect pollinated flowers
Light/smaller/large quantities/lights/larger surface area
Explain how water is absorbed into a root hair cell from the soil (2 marks)
Osmosis
High concentration of water to low concentration of water
selectively permeable membrane
Where is bile made
Gall bladder
Explain how bile is involved in digestion (4 marks)
Emulsifiers/emulsification of fat/lipids
Large surface area
Enzyme/lipase
neutralises acid/raises PH to optimum for enzymes
In which part of the digestive system are most villi found
Small intestine
Explain how the structure of a villus is adapted for the absorption of the products of digestion (4 marks)
Large surface area/microbially
CAPILLARIES
Blood moves/circulates/maintain concentration gradient
Walls single cell thick/thin walls
Capillaries close to wall
Lacteal/lymph vessel
Diffusion
Describe one way in which transpiration is important to plants
Water transport/water absorption
Turgidity/support
Explain how an increase to light intensity affects the rate of transpiration (2 marks)
Stomata/pores open
Increase (transpiration)/more water loss
Explain why transfer of energy between primary and secondary consumers could never be 100% efficient (4 marks)
Energy lost/used up/respiration/heat/movement/excretion/ Egestion/ uneaten/indigestible/death
Suggest how resistance to cold would help the growth of a plant
Stills grows in cold/ longer growing period
Suggest how resistant to fungal infection would help the growth of a plant (2 marks)
No injections that disease/not killed
better growth/Yield
No fungus spread to other plants
Describe the procedure of genetic modification. (5 marks)
Gene/DNA/allele
Cut
Restriction enzyme
Plasmid
Same restriction
Ligase
Join/stick
Recombinant DNA
Vector
Gene gun
Give key reason using micropropogation in the commercial production of plants
More plants/lots of plants
Quicker/faster
Same/identical/clones
The passage below describes what happens in the body after someone needs a meal.
Complete the passage
After a person eats a meal the blood glucose concentration rises. The rise in glucose results in the release of the hormone…….From cells in…… This hormone travels in the…….To a target organ called the…….Here, access glucose is converted to a large insoluble carbohydrate cooled it…….And stored
Insulin
Pancreas
Blood
Liver
Glycogen
Why is protein important for growth
Amino acids/new cells/enzymes/tissues/muscles/Bones/repair
In a fish farm, suggest why it is important that the water can circulate through the cages
Remove waste/faeces/urine
IGNORE: clean/disease/pollution/Oxygen/prevent stagnation/respiration
Suggest why farmers supply small amounts of food at regular intervals into a fish farm
Less wasted/all eaten/prevent oxygen depletion/less decomposition/less bacterial growth
Competition between members of the same species of fish can register you at the fish and fish farms. Competition between different species and also to steal the fish.
Describe ways in which fish farmers can reduce these types of competition.
Intraspecific: no overcrowding/ increase cage size/separate sizes/ages
ignore: gender/supply enough food
Inter specific: one species/type of fish per cage/stop other fish entering the cage
By covering cage/size of mash/use different cages