Paper One: Physical

Question 1

List 2 features of a tropical storm

Answer 1

Eyewall, Eye

Question 2

What Scale are storms measured with?

Answer 2

Saffir simpson scale

Question 3

How do tropical storms lose energy?

Answer 3

If they go over land or cooler water

Question 4

Constructive plate boundary

Answer 4

A constructive plate boundary, sometimes called a divergent plate margin, occurs when plates move apart. Volcanoes are formed as magma wells up to fill the gap, and eventually new crust is formed.

Question 5

2 primary effects of tropical storms

Answer 5

Fatalities, Buildings destroyed

Question 6

2 Secondary effects of tropical storms

Answer 6

Homelessness, Poverty

Question 7

Details about the eye of a tropical storm

Answer 7

Can be up to 50km, no rain, light wind speeds.

Question 8

What is the force that causes tropical storms to spin?

Answer 8

The coriolis force

Question 9

Types of plate boundaries

Answer 9

Destructive, Constructive, Conservative, Collision

Question 10

How can tropical storms be predicted?

Answer 10

Use of satellites, weather instruments and computer based prediction.

Question 11

What are some examples of immediate responses to tropical storms?

Answer 11

Immediate: Evacuation, Rescue, Provision of supplies and needs, Burial for fatalities, Aid

Question 12

What are some long term responses to tropical storms?

Answer 12

Repairing damage, economic recovery, forecasting and prediction improvements

Question 13

Protection from tropical storms?

Answer 13

Building regulations
Stilts
Flood defenses

Question 14

Difference between focus and epicentre

Answer 14

focus: where the pressure is released underground
epicentre: the point on earths crust that is directly above the centre

Question 14

Earthquake prediction preparation protection

Answer 14

Monitoring seismic waves
Building regulations (deep foundation, sway + flex)
Early warning systems
Trained army professionals

Question 15

What are some positives of volcanoes?

Answer 15

They attract tourists
Geothermal energy can be used for electricity.
Volcano ash creates well fertilised land for crops

Question 16

What are some differences between composite and shield volcanoes?

Answer 16

Composite volcanoes have acidic, viscous lava. Shield volcanoes have standard, runny lava.
Composite volcanoes are formed of ash and lava layers, whereas shield volcanoes are just lava.
Composite volcanoes are steep and shield volcanoes are flat due to lava flowing for different distances before solidifying.

Question 17

How is a volcano monitored?

Answer 17

Seismometers - Measure earthquakes near an eruption
Tiltmeters - Monitor landscape changes. Volcanoes tend to swell before eruption.
Measuring volcano temperature

Question 18

What plate boundary are composite volcanoes formed on?

Answer 18

Destructive plate boundaries, in which two plates converge and the denser oceanic plate subducts, forcing up magma

Question 19

What plate boundary are Shield volcanoes formed on?

Answer 19

Constructive plate boundaries. As the plates move apart magma wells up and forms a volcano.

Question 20

How Do Spits or Bars form?

Answer 20

When the shape of the coastline changes and longshore drift is occurring, sand continues to be deposited off the coast forming a spit. If prevailing wind direction changes the spit will have a hooked end. They can be secured by Marram Grass. Bars happen when a spit grows across a bay.