Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Foundations 7 > Parasitology 2 > Flashcards

Parasitology 2 Flashcards

(66 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Important kinetoplastids and dz caused

A 
Trypanosome brucei (sleeping sickenss)
Trypanosoma Cruzi (chagas)
Lesihmania (Leishmaniasis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kinetoplasmid features

A

Flagellar pocket
Single mitochondrion with genome in kinetoplasts
Lipid anchored coat proteins
All transmitted by insect vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

African sleeping sickness, cause and transmission

A

T brucei ganbiense (west coat)
T brucei rhodesiense east coast)
Tsetse fly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T brucei uses what to help invade

A

VSG (antigenic variation)

ABs raised against VSG…different VSG gene expressed and avoid ABs…keeps doing this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stage 1 of T brucei

A

Infection initiated by bite…forms chancre or Winterbottoms sign…ID prasites in biopsies…gambiense harder to ID

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Stage 2 of T brucei

A

Trypanosomes enter bloodstream and start binary fission…activates immune response to VSG (class swithcing enhances survivial)…Symptoms include high fever and fatigue, facial edema, and macular rash on trunk (rhodiense)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of T brucei will

A

Will follow pattern of elimination
Rhodesiense will manifest 1-3 weeks after
Gambiense takes much longer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stage 3 and 4 of T brucei

A

3 - lmyphatic invasion - fever
4 - Involvement of CNS

Gambiense progression takes 9 mos to 3 years
Rhodesiense over 3 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Chagas dz transmission

A

Riduviid bug defacates on skin while feeding and scratching rubs it into the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chagas life cycle

A

Parasites infect macrophages and differentiate from trypomasitgotes into amastigotes by losing flagella…will turn back into trypomastigotes in order to go back to the vector…differentiate into epimastigote back in the ruduviid bug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chagas dz

A

Chagoma or Romana’s sign at bite - 5-20 days after
Can lie dormant for many years - affedcts heart, seophagus, and colon

Chagomas occur around the eyes or lips where bugs bite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T cruzi cardiax

A

Destruction of cardiac tissue…immune response damages and replacves with firbotic tissue…hypertrophic thinning of ventricular wall which can lead to heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Other chagas symptoms

A

Megaesophagus and megacolon
Chagas encephalitis - death in 1-2 months
Abortion
Chronic chagas resolves spontaneously but asymptomatic may last for decades
Lipochagomas or lipogranulomas in dermis of adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Detection of chagas and periods

A

Can use blood smear, PCR, etc.
Incudbation - 5-20 days (chagoma formation)
Prepatent - 1-2 months
Patent - 20 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leishmania dzs and transmission

A

Cutaneous
Mucocutaneous
Visceral (kala azar)

By snadflies of phlobotomus or lutzomyia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Leishmania life cycle

A

Amastigotes ingested and differnetiate into promastigotes…bind to sandfly midgut and proliferate…

In mammal, parasite infects macrophages and differentiate into amastigote…L donovani and visceral will perpetuate amastigtoe cycle in reticular-endothelial system and other internal organs…cutaenous will not…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cutaneous leishmanias organisms, periods, and diagnosis

A

L tropica and major in Afghan and iraq
L mexicana in new world

Incubation - 2-4 weeks to a year
Prepatent - 1-3 months
Patent - Months

Diagnose with amastigotes in skin biopsies and serodiagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mucocutaneous leishmanias organism and mech

A

L brasiliensis
Disfiguring of the face due to metastasis of dermis
Target mucous membranes in oral-naso pharyngeal region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Kala azar organisms and periods

A

Old - L donovani and infantum
New - chagasi

Incubation - 10days to a year
Prepatent - 1-3 weeks
Patent - months to year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kala azar mech

A

Able to replicate in internal organs…will cause heptao and splenomegaly

Hyperactive spleen results in removal of RBCs from circulation causing anemia, hypoalbuminea and hyperglobulimia…Igs deposited on the kidneys…infection of bone marrow leads to secondary infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acute symptoms of kala azar

A

Fever peaking at 24 hours…lethargic and cachexic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Post kala azar dermal leishmanieas

A

Resolution of dermal symptoms leaves nodular skin lesions on the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Detection of kala azar

A

Tissue from biopsies and bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Nematoda
Cestoda
Trematoda

A

Nematoda - roundworms
Cestoda - tape
Trematoda - flukes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Primary worm routes of infection
Ingestion Skin penetration Vector mediated
26
Helminth infection recurring themes
``` Long term and chronic Widespread Humans can be any kind of host Symptoms at all life cycles Host response often associated with symtpoms ```
27
Host resonse to helminths
``` Low incidence of severe dz Morbity but minimal mortality Long term and chronic Th2 like response IgE response with eosinophilia and mast cell responses ```
28
Generalized helminth life cycle
Maturation step results in fertilized egg (embryonation) Maturation to adult Male and female adults release eggs (at any stage of embryonation) or live larvae into the environment
29
Humans infected by
Eggs from enviornment Cutaneous penetration of larval stages ingestion of mean of larval stages Insect vectors
30
Pathology due to
Direct damage Migration of worm Immune response
31
Orally ingested pinworms and what they cause
``` Ascaris lymbricoide (ascariasis) "non human" ascaridis (visceral larva migrans) ``` Nematodes
32
Nematode sturcutre
Tubular or cylindrical body plan Ascaris is most common worldwide Enterobius most common in US
33
Ascariasis geographic and basic mechanism
South and SE US | Compete with host for nutrients and cause bowel obstructions
34
Ascariasis life cycle
Eggs shed in feces of animal and embryonate in the soil...eggs infect the human host and cross from intestine to liver to heart and eventually lungs...L3 formed in lungs and coughed up to the trachea to the pharynx and then swallowed...release eggs
35
Symptoms of ascariasis and periods
Resp symptoms with eosinophilia Peritonitis Can occlude bile duct, esophagus, mouth, pancreatic duct and liver Aggregation can obstruct intestine incubation - 1 week for lung 3 week for intestines Most have no symptoms Live 9-15 months
36
VLM life cycle and pathology
Ascarid parasites of dogs and cats...cannot complete cycle in humans Ingest embryonated eggs...migrate into circulation Attacked by eosinophils and form granulomas
37
VLM symptoms
Ocular damage to the retina from granuloma...often mistaken for retinoblastoma Most asymptomatic CNS involvement as well
38
Skin penetrating nematodes
``` Hook worms Animal hookworms (cutaneous larva migrans) ```
39
Life cycle of hookworm
Filarform larval stage penetrates and goes to lungs...get to GI by coughign and swallowing...develop into male and female in the GI and anchor using hooks...female sheds eggs that are partially embryonated and pass through gut
40
Dz of hookworms
Cutaneous symtpoms of rash and itching Focal hemorrhage and allergic pneumonia if in the lungs Stool appears black, lots of blood loss, anemia, cechexia and breakdown of ciruclation
41
Hookworm periods
Incubation - derm - 4h, inteestinal 2 weeks prepatent - 5-6 weeks (egg) Patent - 20 years (chronic reinfection)
42
Cutaneous larva migrans
Humans are not def host and larvae are developmentally arrested...migrate throug skin and triggers serpiginous rash Treat with albendazoels
43
Occlusion of lymphatic system by lymphotrophic filial worms results in
Elephantitis
44
Filarial worms targeting eye
Loa loa | Onchocerca volvulus
45
Cestodes morphological
Anterior portion - scolex (attachment) | Proglottids - segments that have both female and male organs
46
Basic cestode life cycle
Ingestion of eggs or cyst Scolex attachment in gut Maturation of proglottids Release of gravid proglottids and eggs into feces
47
Cestodes we need to know
``` Taenia solinum (pok tapeworm) cystercircosis Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) ```
48
Cestode eggs and larvae
Eggs released from gravid proglottids and embryonate | Acquire a thicker wall out of which 6 hooks project...this is the infectious oncosphere
49
Beef and pork tapeworms
Humans are definitive for both | Eggs are passed only in human feces
50
Taeniasis
Intestinal phase of the dz
51
Extranintestinal pathology
Cysticercus cellulosa and bovis or intermis
52
Life cycle of tapeworms
Worms attached shed gravid proglottids and embryonate to form onchosphere...cannot complete lifecyle cysticerus form in muslce...mature in the human gun to adults
53
Symptoms of tapeworms
Weight loss, malnutrition, ab pain, anal itching
54
Ectopic larval stages can cause
Brain damage, eye damage, liver damage Pork will form cysticerus cellulosa
55
Diagnosis of tapeworm and periods
Intestinal stages - passing proglittids and eggs in stool Organ involvement of pork tapeworm Can remove using surgery Incubation - 8-10 weeks Prepatent period - 8 weeks Patent period - 25 years (intestinal) 2 years (cysticercosis)
56
Trematode organisms
``` Schistosoma mansoni (intestinal schistosomiasis) Schistosoma heamotobium (urogen schisto) Bilharzaria variglandis (cercarial dermititis (swimmers itch) ```
57
Trematode morpho
Leaf or oval shaped Mating pairs for life Blind alimentary canal Locomotion by muscle movement Many use snails as IM hosts
58
Life cycle of treamtode
Cercariae burrow into skin or swallowed...migrate to mesenteric veins around colon or peliv veins around bladder...eggs are shed into feces or urine
59
Intestinal schisto symtpoms
Acute symptoms 14-84 days post infection Fever, headache myalgia...pain and tenderness in upper right quadrant (hepatomegaly) S mansoni assoicated with resp Eosinophilia Coincide with deposition of eggs
60
Chronic schisto (intestinal)
Bulk of patho caused by immune response to eggs and granuloma formation...pushes into lumen of the bowel Intestine and liver are main sites of granuloma
61
Symptoms chronic schisto (intestinal)
Hypogastirc pain with blood in the stool Diarrhea alternates with constipation Liver - fibrosis due to egg burden causes hepatomegaly...triggers anemia and ascites dueto liver damage
62
Urogen schisto
Hematouria due to deposition of eggs into bladder mucosa and granuloma formation Woemn susceptible to female genital schistosomiasis
63
Ectopic schisto
Pulmonary involvement leads to pulm hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy CNS involvement In childhood, can exhibit anemia and growth retardation
64
Intestinal and urinary schisto periods
Int , urin Incubation - 1-3 weeks, 4-7 week Prepatent - 4-7 weeks, 9-10 weeks Patent - 25 years, 25 weeks
65
Tx of ectopic schisto
Praziquantel and tetrahydroquinolones
66
Microbilharzaria variglandis
Swimmers itch Cercarial dermatitis Infection is a dead end Rash and localized edema treated with steroids/antihistamine

Foundations 7 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions