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Hugh's MD1 Abdominal > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

What are ticks a major vector of?

A

Rickettsia

And other viruses, bacteria and protozoan

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1
Q

When is Toxoplasmosis must dangerous?

A

Acute infection in pregnant women

Immunosuppressed people

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1
Q

Under what circumstances can *Ascaris *infection be ruled out?

A

If a person hasn’t been to an endemic area for over 2 years

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2
Q

How do you diagnose giardiasis?

A

Cysts in faeces

IgA serology in faeces

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2
Q

What type of lifecycle does *Echinococcus *have?

A

Predator-prey

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3
Q

Where in the body does *Schistosoma *mature?

A

In the portal circulation

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3
Q

How do human become infected with Taenia?

A

Consumption of cysts in uncooked meat

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4
Q

Which tick species is the most important in terms of human disease in Australia?

A

Ixodes holocyclus

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4
Q

How do you treat Echinococcus cysts?

A

Surgery

PAIR

Antihelminths

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6
Q

What is the name of the new treatment for lice?

A

Topical ivermectin

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7
Q

What does tick paralysis sometime resemble?

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

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7
Q

How do you prevent tick infestation?

A

Protective clothing

Repellent

Body inspection after walking

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7
Q

How do you control amoebiasis?

A

Clean drinking water

Sewage treatment

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8
Q

What is the clinical history of amoebic cysts?

A

Prolonged diarrhoea followed by cyst symptoms

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10
Q

What makes you scratch in lice infestations?

A

Lice aand moults are irritants

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11
Q

How is schistosomiasis acquired?

A

Swimming in frest water (cercaria penetrate skin)

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12
Q

How many eggs can a Ascaris lumbricoides female lay per day?

A

200,000

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14
Q

Where does Sarcoptes scabiei prefer to infest?

A

Fingerwebs

Elbows

Axillae

Genitals

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of schistosomiasis?

A

Light infection: dermatitis, asymptomatic

Heavy infection: Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, collateral circulation, portal hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis

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16
Q

Is the most important fluke (trematode) infection?

A

Schistosoma mansonii

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17
Q

How is *Toxoplasma gondii *transmitted?

A

Ingestion of cyst in water, cat faeces or uncooked meat

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17
Q

How can you diagnose *Ascaris *infection?

A

Eggs in faeces

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18
Q

What are some diagnostic techniques for Strongyloides?

A

Serology

Eggs in faeces

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18
Q

What are some disease control strategies for schistosomiasis?

A

Sewage treatment

Kill snails

Treat carriers

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19
Q

Where does Toxoplasma gondii infect?

A

Intracellularly

Form cysts in tissue

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19
Q

Which worms undergo a tracheal migration?

A
  • Ascaris*
  • Strongyloides*
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20
Q

Where do *Ascaris *eggs hatch?

A

In the GIT of host after maturing outside

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21
Q

How is toxoplasmosis diagnosed?

A

Serology

21
Q

What is the pre-patent period of Enterobius?

A

4-6 weeks

22
Q

Name three species of lice and their site of infestation

A

Pediculus capitis

Pediculus humanis

Phthuris pubis

23
Q

Which worm can perform immunological masking to avoid the immune response?

A

Schistosoma

24
Q

How many eggs can female lice lay per day?

A

3-9

24
Q

What are some control stategies for Strongyloides?

A

Sewage treatment

Wear shoes

25
Q

What disease control techniques are available for Taenia?

A

Treat carriers

Avoid uncooked pork

Sewage disposal

Hygiene

Vaccination of pigs

26
Q

What do Echinococcus cyst common occur?

A

Lung

Liver

29
Q

Is lice infestation greater in people with poor hygiene?

A

No

31
Q

What is the name of lice infestation?

A

Pediculosis

33
Q

What is a paratenic host?

A

A host in which the parasite can enter, not undergo sexual reproduction but remain infectious

35
Q

How do you diagnose E. histolytica?

A

Serology

Faecal cysts

(Imaging for cysts)

36
Q

What is the treatment for giardiasis?

A

Tinidazole

38
Q

How is E. histolytica transmitted?

A

F-O: usually water

39
Q

Where does *Entamoeba histolytica *infect in the host?

A

Colon

Can invade and form cysts in the liver or brain

39
Q

What are two tapeworms?

A

Taenia

Echinococcus

39
Q

How does *Echinococcus *cause disease?

A

Adult leaves the GIT and encysts in tissue

40
Q

How does *Emtamoeba histolytica *travel around the body?

A

Haematogenous spread

40
Q

Why is treatment for *Taenia *with anti-helmintics sometimes bad?

A

It can stimulate a immune response and lead to epileptic fits

41
Q

What are the symptoms of giardiasis?

A

Diarrhoea

Chronic or acute malabsorption

42
Q

What is happening to the prevalence of Phthuris pubis?

A

It is decreasing

43
Q

Can you do serological testing for giardiasis?

A

Only IgA in the faeces as *Giardia *doesn’t get into the circulation to cause a systematic immune response

45
Q

How is *Strongyloides *transmitted?

A

Direct penetration of host by larvae (usually feet)

46
Q

Which helminth doesn’t require a second host?

A

Strongyloides

47
Q

What do you treat amoebiasis with?

A

Metroniazole + paromomycin

Abscess drainage

48
Q

How many eggs does the *Strongyloides *female produce per day

A

50

50
Q

What are the symptoms of *Ascaris *infection?

A

Asymptomatic mainly

Can cause pneumonitis or intestinal blockage (pancreatitis, cholangitis

51
Q

Where is Ixodes holocyclus distributed in Australia?

A

Eastern coast

53
Q

What is a common zoonotic host of *Giardia intestinalis *in Australia?

A

Possums - they can contaminate water supplies

54
Q

What are larval cysts of *Echinococcus *called?

A

Hydatid cysts

55
Q

What is a complication of *Strongyloides *infection in the immunosuppressed?

A

Gram negative disease - larval migration take gram negatives with them - cause secondary infection outside GIT, septicaemia

56
Q

How is Pediculus humanis spread?

A

On clothing

57
Q

Which Taenia species causes neurocystocercosis

A

solium

59
Q

What type of parasite is Emtamoeba histolytica?

A

Protozoan, Amoeba

60
Q

How to diagnose Taenia?

A

Serology

Imaging

62
Q

In which worm infection does autoinfection occur?

A

Enterobius

Strongyloides (new eggs hatch in GIT before being excreted)

64
Q

What are diseaes control methods for Echinoccocus?

A

Hygiene

Vaccine livestock

Prevent infection in dogs

65
Q

How can Ascaris cause asthma like symptoms?

A

Tracheal migration through the lungs

66
Q

How many eggs can Taenia produce per day?

A

300,000

67
Q

Where does embryonation of A. lumbricoides occur? How long does it take?

A

In soil

2-4 weeks

68
Q

What are the two types of paralysis that ticks can cause?

A

Local or generalised (like Guillain-Barre)

69
Q

What are three types of roundworms?

A

Pinworms (Enterobus vermicularis)

Strongyloides sterceralis

Ascaris lumbricoides

Hugh's MD1 Abdominal (21 decks)

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