Parasitology

Question 1

Protozoa - GI infections

Answer 1

• Giardia lamblia
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Cryptosporidium

Question 2

Protozoa - CNS infections

Answer 2

• Toxoplasma gondii
• Naegleria fowleri
• Trypanosoma brucei

Question 3

Protozoa - Hematologic infections

Answer 3

• Plasmodium
  
  • P. vivax/ovale
  • P. falciparum
  • P. malariae
• Babesia

Question 4

Protozoa - Visceral infections

Answer 4

• Trypanosoma cruzi
• Leishmania donovani

Question 5

Protozoa - STDs

Answer 5

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 6

Nematodes - intestinal

Answer 6

• Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
• Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
• Strongyloides stercoralis
• Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms)

Question 7

Nematodes - tissue

Answer 7

• Onchocerca volvulus
• Loa loa
• Wuchereria bancrofti
• Toxocara canis

Question 8

Ingested nematodes

Answer 8

You’ll get sick if you EAT these!

• Enterobius
• Ascaris
• Toxocara

Question 9

Cutaneous nematodes

Answer 9

These get into your feet from the SANd

• Strongyloides
• Ancylostoma
• Necator

Question 10

Nematodes that bite

Answer 10

Lay LOW to avoid getting bitten

• Loa loa
• Onchocerca volvulus
• Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 11

Cestodes (tapeworms)

Answer 11

• Taenia solium
• Diphyllobothrium latum
• Echinococcus granulosus

Question 12

Trematodes (flukes)

Answer 12

• Schistosoma
• Clonorchis sinesis

Question 13

biliary tract disease

cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 13

Clonorchis sinesis

Question 14

brain cysts, seizures

Answer 14

Taenia solium (cysticercosis)

Question 15

hematuria, bladder cancer

Answer 15

Schistosoma haematobium

Question 16

liver (hydatid) cysts

Answer 16

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 17

microcytic anemia

Answer 17

Ancylostoma, Necator

Question 18

perianal pruritis

Answer 18

Enterobius

Question 19

portal HTN

Answer 19

Schistosoma mansoni

Schistosoma japonicum

Question 20

vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Answer 20

Diphyllobothrium latum

Question 21

Giardiasis

Answer 21

*Giardia lamblia *

• bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea
• campers/hikers

Question 22

Amebiasis

Answer 22

*Entamoeba histolytica *

• bloody diarrhea (dysentery)
• liver abscess (“anchovy paste” exudate)
• RUQ pain (flank-shaped ulcer w/ colon rupture)

Question 23

clinical disease of cryptosporidium

Answer 23

severe diarrhea in AIDS

mild disease (watery diarrhea) in immunocompetent

Question 24

classic triad of congenital toxoplasmosis

Answer 24

• chorioretinitis
• hydrocephalus
• intracranial calcifications

Question 25

brain abscess in HIV

ring-enhancing brain lesions on CT/MRI

Answer 25

Toxoplasma gondii

Question 26

clinical disease of Naegleria fowleri

Answer 26

rapidly fatal meningoencephalitis

Question 27

African sleeping sickness

Answer 27

*Trypanosoma bruceii *

• enlarged lymph nodes
• recurring fever
• somnolence
• coma

Question 28

swimming in freshwater lakes

enters via cribriform plate

Answer 28

Naegleria fowleri

Question 29

clinical subtypes of Plasmodium

Answer 29

• Malaria
• P. vivax/ovale
• P. falciparum
• P. malariae

Question 30

malaria

Answer 30

• fever
• headache
• anemia
• splenomegaly

Question 31

P. falciparum

Answer 31

• severe
• irregular fever patterns
• parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys, lungs

Question 32

Plasmodium

• 48 hr cycle
• 72 hr cycle

Answer 32

• 48 hr cycle = P. vivax/ovale
• 72 hr cycle = P. malariae

Question 33

ring form, “Maltese cross”

Answer 33

Babesia

Question 34

Babesiosis

Answer 34

• fever
• hemolytic anemia
• Northeastern US
• increased risk: asplenia

Question 35

Chagas disease

Answer 35

*Trypanosoma cruzi *

• dilated cardiomyopathy
• megacolon
• megaesophagus

Question 36

Reduviid bug (“kissing bug”) feces

deposited in painless bite

Answer 36

Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 37

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Answer 37

*Leishmania donovani *

• spiking fevers
• hepatosplenomegaly
• pancytopenia

Question 38

MΦ containing amastigotes

Answer 38

Leishmania donovani

Question 39

Vaginitis

Answer 39

*Trichomonas vaginalis *

• foul-smelling
• greenish discharge
• itching & burning

Question 40

Trichomonas vaginalis transmission? why?

Answer 40

sexual transmission

can’t form outside human b/c can’t form cysts

Question 41

“strawberry cervix”

Answer 41

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 42

anal pruritis

Scotch Tape Test

Answer 42

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Question 43

clinical disease of Strongyloides stercoralis

Answer 43

• vomiting
• diarrhea
• epigastric pain

Question 44

anemia – suck blood from intestinal walls

Answer 44

Ancylostoma duodenale

Necator americanus

(hookworms)

Question 45

hyperpigmented skin

river blindness

Answer 45

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 46

swelling in skin

worm in conjunctiva

Answer 46

Loa loa

Question 47

blocks lymphatic vessels

elephantiasis

Answer 47

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 48

visceral larva migrans

Answer 48

Toxocara canis

Question 49

cysticercosis, neurocysticercosis

Answer 49

Taenia solium

Question 50

vitamin B₁₂ deficiency

Answer 50

Diphyllobothrium latum

tapeworm competes for B₁₂ in intestine –> anemia

Question 51

hydatid cysts in liver

Answer 51

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 52

liver & spleen granulomas, fibrosis, inflammation

Answer 52

Schistosoma

Question 53

chronic Schistosoma infection

Answer 53

SCC of the bladder

painless hematuria

Question 54

clinical disease of Clonorchis sinensis

Answer 54

biliary tract inflammation –> pigmented gallstones

Cholangiocarcinoma

Question 55

• painful bite
• painless bite

Answer 55

• Trypanosoma bruceii
• Trypanosoma cruzi