Parasitology Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Do parasites have a cell wall?
A
No
2
Q
Cell membrane of parasites contain?
A
Sterols
3
Q
flask shaped ulcer?
A
E. Histolytica
4
Q
How does E. histolytica bind to colon?
A
uses binding protein lectin to bind mucosal lining of colon
5
Q
decreased B12 vitamin absoprtion?
A
Giardia
6
Q
smelly diarrhea
A
Giardia
7
Q
falling leaf motility
A
Giardia
8
Q
Non-directional, jerky movements
A
Trichomonas vaginalis
9
Q
Strawberry cervix
A
trichomonas vaginalis
10
Q
Most common non viral STI
A
trichomonas vaginalis
11
Q
Cryptosporidium parvum and hominis transmission?
A
fecal-oral
12
Q
Cryptosporidium parvum and hominis diagnosis?
A
Acid fast stain
13
Q
Difference between Cryptosporidium parvum and hominis?
A
parvum: sheep and cattle
hominis: humans
14
Q
Cyclospora cayetanesis transmission?
A
fecal oral
15
Q
Imported fruits/vegetables?
A
Cyclospora cayetanesis
16
Q
Dx for cyclospora cayetanesis?
A
Acid fast
17
Q
Trichrome blue stain?
A
microsporidia
18
Q
bunch of tiny oval shaped spores?
A
microsporidia
19
Q
Difference between T. vagialis and Giardia?
A
Giardia: GI
T. Vaginalis: GU
20
Q
waterborne breakouts?
A
Cyptospordium (resistance to chlorination)
21
Q
Dx of T. Vaginalis?
A
Wet mount: motile trophozoites; pH > 4.5
22
Q
Size of cyclospora v. cryptosprodium?
A
Cyclospora (10) and Crypto is (5)
23
Q
liver absess
A
E histolytica
24
Q
trichrome blue stain?
A
microsporidia
25
malaria transmission (what type of mosquito)
anopheles
26
What causes the cyclic fevers of malaria?
cyclic, times lysis of RBC causes it
27
Forms of malaria that infects mature RBC and which one infecture only immature RBC?
immature: vivax and ovale
mature: malariae
28
What drug kills the latent, dormant form of malaria?
primaquine
29
Which form of malaria causes severe malaria?
falciparum
30
Babesia transmission?
Ixodes tick
31
Tetrad (maltese cross)
Babesia
32
night time infections
W. Bancrofti and Burgia malayi
33
Elephantitis
W. Bancrofti and B. Malayi
34
can travel to eye
Loa Loa
35
Loa loa transmission
chrysops deer fly
36
Day time testing?
Loa Loa
37
African river blindness
O. volvulus
38
O volvulus transmission
blackfly
39
lizard skin, skin falling off
O. volvulus
40
Guinea worm disease
D. medinensis
41
How is D. medinensis transmitted?
drinking water with crustaceans infected. Larvae pentrates the stomach and enters abdominal cavity
42
Blister with exposed tail of worm?
D. Medinensis (remember that the blister causes a burning sensation and the person always dives into the river...worm goes into river. it's a dirty cycle.
43
Trypanosom bruceii a tramission
tsetse fly
44
African sleeping sickness?
Trypanosoma brucei
45
Trypanosoma stages?
I: painless chancre and posterior cervical adenopathy
II: fever, meningoencephalitis, coma and death
46
Tryp cruzi (S. American) transmission
reduviid bug (kissing bug)
47
Chagas disease
Tryp cruzi
48
Chagas disease death cause?
cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure
49
Leishmania transmission
sandfly
50
Diagnosis of leishmania
amastigotes on blood smear
51
Stages of leishmania
I: cutaneous ulcers with raised borders
II: mucosal
III: visceral (bone marrow, spleen, liver)
52
Toxoplasma Gondii hosts?
CATS
53
4 ways that toxoplasma is passed? Think Gonda building
Cat feces. uncooked meat (think french tartar) mothers to children. organ transplants
54
intracranial calcification
Toxoplasma Gondii
55
How does N. fowleri enter human?
nose/cribiform plate
56
PAM
N. fowleri
57
Keratitis (inflammation of eyeball)
acanthamoeba
58
contact lens?
acanthamoeba
59
Ring enhancing lesion
Toxoplasma gondii
60
Perianal itching
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
61
Pinworm
(enterbius vermicularis)
62
Entervius vermicularis tx?
scotch tape
63
rectal prolapse
Trichuris Trichuirua
64
trichuris tri
whipworm
65
Largest
Involves lungs
Loeffler’s syndrome: eosinophilic exudate
Because they’re so big, blocks and causes malabsorption
Dx? Eggs in feces
Ascaris lumbricodes
66
Hookworm
Necator americanus and ancyclostoma duodenale
67
Hookworm main symptom?
anemia *feeds on capillaries in intestinal wall
68
Dog/cat hookworm
| Raised prurotic lesions because humans are not the host and so they can’t invade
cutaneous larva migrans
69
Penetrate skin, travel to lungs
Autoinfection (red rectal lesions). YURI
Hyperinfection in ICH
Strongyloides sterocoralis (threadworm)
70
Undercooked pork/game
Invade myocytes (muscle tissue)
Results in vasculitis
Dx? Muscle biopsy eosinophilia and raised creatinine kinase
Trichinella spiralis
71
Dogs eats embryonated eggs
visceral larva migrans (splenomegaly)
Ocular strabismus (mimics Rb)
Toxocara canis
72
Cod
Anisakiasis
73
Cystericeri, beef
Taenia saginata
74
EGGS (not cystercerci)
More serious than saginata because humans serve as more intermediate host
CNS symptoms
Taenia solium
75
Broad fish tapeworm
B12 deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia
Diphyllobothrium latum
76
```
Dog tapeworm
And sheep apparently
Hydatid cysts (multiple cysts in a sac)
Hosts may cough up “salty tasting fluid”
Can cause anaphylaxis as these cysts grow
Can also damage heart
Imaging can be used to diagnose
```
Echinococcus granulosus
77
Chinese liver fluke
Clonorchis sinesis
78
Clonorchis sinesis leads to cancer of what?
bile duct
79
Lung fluke, can resemble Tb
Paragonimus wstermani
80
What kind of food? Paragonimus wstermani
Crab/crawfish
81
Blood fluke?
Shistoma
82
Shistoma migrates to what?
veins
83
Which kind of shistoma causes bladder ca?
Shistoma haematobium
84
Pediculus Humanus
Lice
85
Intestinal Protozoa tx?
Metro
86
E. histolytica tx?
Metro and paramomycin
87
T. vaginalis tx?
Metro and Tin
88
Giardia tx?
Metro, Tin, Nitazoxanide
89
Intestinal nematodes (except Stronglyoides stereocoralis)
Mebendazole, albendazole, pyrantel pamoate
90
Stronglyoides stereocoralis
Ivermectin
91
Trematodes/flukes?
Prazi
92
Plasmodium tx?
chloroquine, metfloquine, quinine,
93
Plasmodium prophalyxis?
chloroquine
94
What if P. ovale or P. vivax?
primaquine
95
Leishmania
Sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin B
96
Toxoplasma gondii
Pyrimethamine and sulfa
97
Cryptospro
Nitrazocinade
98
Babesia
Quinine and clindamycin OR atovaquone and azithromycin
99
Cestodes (tapeworms) adult infection
Prazi
100
Cestodes (tapeworms) larval stage infection?
Albendazole and corticosteroids
