Part 2

Question 1

A _____ generally consists of an active ingredient (drug), various fillers and disintegrators, dyes, flavoring agents, and an outside coating.

Answer 1

Tablet

Question 2

TYPES OF TABLET

Answer 2

COMPRESSED TABLETS

SUGAR-COATED TABLETS

FILM-COATED TABLETS

ENTERIC-COATED TABLETS

MULTIPLE COMPRESSED TABLETS

BUCCAL OR SUBLINGUAL TABLETS

EFFERVESCENT TABLETS

Question 3

Are compacted with no special coating: they are subject to chemical degradation from the environment .

Answer 3

COMPRESSED TABLETS

Question 4

Have a thin layer of sugar coating designed to mask bad taste and to protect the active ingredients from chemical oxidation.

Answer 4

SUGAR-COATED TABLETS

Question 5

A pill or tablet with a thin, even layer of polymer applied to its surface. ______is the most common type of tablet coating.

Answer 5

FILM COATED TABLETS

Question 6

Are designed to pass through the gastric area and release the active ingredients into the small intestine. This technology is used to prevent the strongly acidic contents of the stomach from chemically destroying activity of a drug.

Answer 6

ENTERIC-COATED TABLETS

Question 7

Designed to mask taste, protect contents against chemical oxidation and allow for periodic release of contents in a controlled manner throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) transit.

Answer 7

MULTIPLE COMPRESSED TABLETS

Question 8

Tablets contain sodium bicarbonate and an organic acid such as citrate or tartrate. These tablets liberate carbon dioxide and disintegrate into an effervescent solution in the presence of water.

Answer 8

EFFERVESCENT TABLETS

Question 9

Designed to disintegrate in the buccal or sublingual space and become absorbed through the buccal or sublingual vasculature.

Answer 9

BUCCAL OR SUBLINGUAL TABLETS

Question 10

They generally consist of either a hard or a soft gelatin shell that encloses the active ingredient

Answer 10

CAPSULES

Question 11

a two-piece shell made from calcium alginate, methylcellulose, and gelatin

Answer 11

HARD GELATINE

Question 12

is a one-piece shell made from similar material.

Answer 12

SOFT GELATINE

Question 13

They are generally in the form of lozenges or pastilles. These are solids that contain medicine in a hard sugar or glycerinated gelatin base designed to dissolve slowly in the mouth.

Answer 13

TROCHES

Question 14

A homogenous mixture of solid, liquid, or gas dissolved in another liquid.

Answer 14

SOLUTION

Question 15

Consists of two immiscible liquids

Answer 15

EMULSION

Question 16

A solid medication dispersed throughout a liquid medium.

Answer 16

SUSPENSION

Question 17

Given by injection under or through one or more layers of skin or mucous membrane.

Answer 17

PARENTERAL DOSAGE FORMS

Question 18

Typically used for oxygen therapy, anesthesia, and aerosol inhalers.

Usually contain medication dispersed a liquified a gas in propellant, such as a fluorinated hydrocarbon

Answer 18

GAS DOSAGE FORMS

Question 19

Medication is absorbed in either liquid or gaseous solution. Therefore, any solid or semisolid drug must first enter into one of these solution forms before becoming absorbed across a cellular membrane.

Answer 19

DISINTEGRATION & DISSOLUTION

Question 20

Prior to systemic action, a drug must either undergo the ______ process or be administered by direct intravenous injection, thus bypassing the need for ______.

Answer 20

ABSORPTION

Question 21

Once a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, it is immediately distributed throughout the body by the circulation of the blood. It is the transport of a drug in body fluids from the bloodstream to various tissues of the body and ultimately to its site of action.

Answer 21

DISTRIBUTION

Question 22

Also called biotransformation.

Chemically changes a drug into a metabolite that can be excreted from the body. The liver is primarily responsible for this task, although the plasma, kidneys, lungs, and intestinal mucosa also play a role.

Answer 22

METABOLISM

Question 23

This elimination is primarily accomplished by the kidneys. They filter the blood and remove unbound, water-soluble compounds. This is one reason why drug testing is often done on urine.

Answer 23

EXCRETION

Question 24

It is the degree to which a drug is able to produce the desired effect (how great the effect will be).

Answer 24

EFFICACY

Question 25

The relative concentration required to produce that effect (how much drug is needed).

Answer 25

POTENCY

Question 26

The time required for the current serum drug concentration to decline by 50% is termed the biologic half-life, or half-life of eliminations

Answer 26

HALF-LIFE

Question 27

A drug is lethal to 50% of the population.

Answer 27

LETHAL DOSE (LD50)

Question 28

Required to produce a therapeutic effect in 50% of the population.

Answer 28

EFFECTIVE DOSE (ED50)

Question 29

The study of how the effects of a drug are manifested. The study of the method or mechanism of drug action on living sites in the body tissues or the response of tissues to chemical agents at various sites in the body.

Answer 29

PHARMACODYNAMICS

Question 30

refers to drugs

Answer 30

PHARMACO

Question 31

refers to what happens when two things meet and interact that is, the drugs and your body.

Answer 31

DYNAMICS

Question 32

Drugs produce effects through drug-receptor interactions, drug-enzyme interactions, or nonspecific drug interactions. The method by which a drug elicits effects is known as the _____.

Answer 32

MECHANISM OF ACTION

Question 33

_______ are specific biologic sites located on a cell surface or within a cell. They can be considered keyholes into which specific keys (drugs) may fit.

Answer 33

DRUG-RECEPTOR INTERACTIONS Receptors