Parts of Speech

Question 1

3 primary auxiliary verbs

Answer 1

primary = main
auxiliary = helping 
to be, to have, to do 
to be and to have are the most important because all 12 tenses centred around them
'to' is the verb in its infinitive form

Question 2

Conjugate to be/to have/to do

Answer 2

am, is, are, was, were, been, being
have, has, had, had, having
do, does, did, done, doing

Question 3

Unquantifiable determiners

Answer 3

an amount of something that is non-specific

some, much, many

Question 4

The Three Articles

Answer 4

1. a, an and the
2. they appear before nouns and are important because they are in almost every sentence
3. also known as determiners
4. the is specific and therefore called definite whereas a and an are non-specific and are indefinite
5. use a before a noun starts with a vowel or takes the vowel sound i.e. apples or hour
6. the pronunciation of the changes based on whether the noun begins with a vowel or takes a vowel sound

Question 5

What are the parts of speech

Answer 5

4 major - nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
4 minor - pronouns, propositions, conjunctions and interjections
context is vital when understanding parts of speech

Question 6

Noun definition

Answer 6

A person, place, thing or idea.

Question 7

Types of noun

Answer 7

Common (countable and non countable)
Proper (Name/Places/Phrases)
Abstract
Collective (Common)

Question 8

Common noun definition

Answer 8

Common countable - any noun that can be pluralised i.e. apple/apples
Common uncountable - any noun that cannot be pluralised i.e. rice
certain nouns can be countable and uncountable i.e. hair, rooms

Question 9

Inflictions

Answer 9

inflictions is how we pluralise noun
for generic words add ‘s’ apples
for words ending in s or x add ‘es’ taxes
for words ending in y without a vowel in front add ‘ies’
for words ending in f and ‘ves’

Question 10

Proper nouns

Answer 10

can be names or places/phrases 
these nouns always start with a capital letter 
name = Gemma 
place = Paris
phrase = Eiffel Tower 
phrases still only count as one noun

Question 11

Abstract nouns

Answer 11

something that is not tactile or tangible, it cannot be felt by the five senses
i.e. happiness, style

Question 12

Collective common nouns

Answer 12

nouns that are referring to more than one thing i.e. pride of lions
this would still count as two nouns (pride and lions)

Question 13

Adjectives

Answer 13

Adjectives modify and describe nouns 
There are three different types 
1. mainstream adjectives 
2.possesive adjectives
3.demonstrative adjectives

Question 14

Mainstream adjectives

Answer 14

Mainstream adjectives are purely descriptive words
examples: big, pink, hairy
have to follow a certain order = opssaccom

Question 15

Opssaccom

Answer 15

Op = opinion 
s = size 
s = shape 
a = age 
c = colour 
c = condition 
o = origin 
m = material

Question 16

Possessive adjectives

Answer 16

Possessive adjectives show relationship or belonging
examples his, hers, my, our , their
these words are only going to be possessive adjectives if they relate to a noun

Question 17

Demonstrative adjectives

Answer 17

demonstrative adjectives specify a noun. They demonstrate the difference between this noun and that noun, must be used with distance.
examples: this, that, those and these

Question 18

Verb

Answer 18

A verb is an action or state
i.e. to boil (action) or to think (state)
only verbs can be conjugated

Question 19

Adverb

Answer 19

Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs 
i.e. the boy ran quickly, 
there are 5 types of adverb 
1. adverbs of manner 
2. adverbs of time 
3. adverbs of place 
4.adverbs of frequency 
5. adverbs of degree

Question 20

Adverbs of manner

Answer 20

How an action is carried out
i.e. the boy ran quickly 
i.e. he has bright pink hair
i.e. he ran very quickly 
often take the ly form but this is not a rule 
i.e. the boy ran fast

Question 21

Adverbs of place

Answer 21

Adverbs of place refer to where but they must directly effect the verb.
i.e. here/there I go there (modifies the verb)
even home could be an adverb if it modifies the verb i.e. I go home every night.
need to be careful i.e. my home is on the mountain home is a noun not a an adverb because not modifying the verb

Question 22

Adverbs of time

Answer 22

refers to when
now, soon, later, yesterday, today
these have to be stand alone (without prepositions such as on or at) in order for them to be adverbs, this is because they are non-specific

Question 23

Adverbs of frequency

Answer 23

This is referring to how often. i.e. once, daily, sometimes, never, always

Question 24

Adverbs of degree

Answer 24

This is referring to what extent

i.e. very, really, extremely

Question 25

Pronouns

Answer 25

A pronoun replaces a noun 
3 types of pronoun 
1. mainstream 
2. possessive 
3. demonstrative

Question 26

Mainstream pronouns

Answer 26

common words used to replace nouns

he, she, it, they

Question 27

Possessive pronouns

Answer 27

examples: mine, his, hers, ours or theirs

replaces a noun

Question 28

Demonstrative pronouns

Answer 28

examples: this, that, those, these
i.e. ‘I like this’
check if it is replacing a noun

Question 29

Prepositions

Answer 29

Prepositions show location, this can be in time or place
prepositions of time - I go swimming before school
prepositions of place - the school is before the library
on/in/before/after
different to adverbs of time/place because adverbs are to do with verbs whereas prepositions are to do with nouns

Question 30

Conjunctions

Answer 30

Conjunctions are joining words, can join two words or sentences together
and, so, because, therefore
they don’t have to go in middle of a sentence

Question 31

Interjection

Answer 31

A show or burst of emotion
i.e. well, wow, splat
bursts are followed by !

Question 32

Modal Verb definition

Answer 32

A modal verb comes before the main verb in a sentence and takes either a positive or a negative form

Question 33

What are the five types of modal verb

Answer 33

1. Ability
2. Possibility
3. Ask for permission
4. Prohibition
5. Obligation

Question 34

What is the past participle

Answer 34

The verb in its past tense, it must follow to have, has or had

Question 35

How do you identify the direct object

Answer 35

ask what, who?

Question 36

How do you identify the indirect object

Answer 36

ask to what, to who?

Question 37

What are the language groups?

Answer 37

Germanic (English, German, Dutch and Flemish)

Romance (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian)