Passmed: Ophthal Flashcards
What is the most common cause of blindness in the UK?
Age Related Macular Degeneration
ARMD: Dry vs Wet
Dry: 90% - characterised by drusen-yellow round spots in Bruch’s membrane
Wet: 10% - characterised by choroidal neovascularisation + worst prognosis
Ix of ARMD
- Slit lamp microscopy: to identify any pigmentary, exudative or haemorrhagic changes
- Fluorescein angiography: if neovascular suspected to guide anti-VEGF therapy
- Ocular coherence tomography: to visualise the retina in 3D
Tx of wet ARMD
Zinc w vits ACE, anti-VEGF agents, laser photocoagulation
What does a dendritic corneal ulcer on slit lamp examination w fluorescein stain?
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
What is the risk of developing MS if >3 white matter lesions on MRI following optic neuritis?
5yrs
List five causes of tunnel vision
Glaucoma Papilloedema Retinitis Pigmentosa Chorioretinitis Tabes Dorsalis
Infective Conjunctivitis: Bacterial vs Viral
Bacterial: purulent discharge + eyes ‘stuck together’ in the am
Viral: serous discharge, recent URTI, preauricular lymph nodes
What drops can be offered for infective conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol
What alternative tx can be given to preg women w infective conjunctivitis?
Topical Fusidic Acid
How does acute angle closure glaucoma typically px?
Painful red eye w fixed mid-dilated pupil
What factors predispose to acute angle closure glaucoma? (3)
Hypermetropia, mydriasis, lens growth a/w age
NB: myopia is a/w primary open angle glaucoma
Mx for AACG
Initial: eye drops (pilocarpine, timolol, apraclonidine) + IV acetazolamide
Definitive: laser peripheral iridotomy
What are the features of episcleritis?
Red eye +/- watering, mild photophobia, mild pain
What drops can be used to differentiate b/w episcleritis vs scleritis?
If the eye redness improves w phenylephrine a dx of episcleritis can be made
