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Flashcards in PassMedicine Deck (19)
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1
Q

A 55-year-old woman presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo that are often triggered by a change in head position. Each episode lasts around 10-20 seconds and is associated with nausea

A

benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

2
Q

what are features of BPPV

A

vertigo is triggered by a change in head position
vertigo is sudden onset but brief (10-20s)
may be associated with nauseas

3
Q

what manoeuvre would confirm BPPV

A

Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre

vertigo and nystagmus would be observed

4
Q

what would treat BPPV

A

Epley manoeuvre

5
Q

what is associated with episodes of vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss

A

Menieres disease

6
Q

a 40-year-old man presents with recurrent episodes of vertigo associated with tinnitus and hearing loss. A feeling of aural fullness often precedes the attacks

A

Menieres disease

7
Q

what is associated with ongoing vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss and absent corneal reflex

A

acoustic neuroma

8
Q

what are features of menieres disease

A

recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus and unilateral hearing loss (sensorineural)
a sensation of aural fullness
episodes last minutes to hours (i.e. longer than BPPV)

9
Q

what are features observed on examination in menieres disease

A

nystagmus

positive rombergs test

10
Q

what is recent viral infection, ongoing vertigo and nausea associated with

A

viral labyrinthitis

11
Q

how do thyroglossal cysts form

A

thyroid develops from the floor of the pharynx and descends into the neck during development
it is connected to the tongue by the thyroglossal duct
the thyroglossal duct normal atrophies but it some people it may persist and give rise to a thyroglossal duct cyst

12
Q

who normally presents with thyroglossal cysts

A

young people and children

13
Q

what are features of a thyroglossal cyst

A

mass in the midline
moves upwards on protrusion of the tongue
painful when infected

14
Q

what are the characteristic features of acute tonsilliits

A

pharyngitis, fever, lymphadenopathy

15
Q

what is the most common cause of tonsillitis

A

Group A-beta-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS) such as streptococcus pyogenes

16
Q

what is the treatment for acute tonsillitis

A

penicillin

17
Q

what may mimic tonsillitis

A

infectious mononucleosis

18
Q

A child presents with fever, malaise and tonsillitis associated with a ‘strawberry’ tongue and a fine punctate erythematous rash sparing the face

A

scarlet fever

19
Q

why does scarlet fever commonly occur with tonsillitis

A

reaction to erythrogenic toxins produced by GABHS