what is used to treat malaria
quinine
what are features of primary TB and post-primary TB
primary TB - asymptomatic
post primary TB - symptomatic
what causes cholera
vibrio cholerae
what is characteristic of cholera
water diarrhoea
‘rice water stools’
what is a common contagious cause of childhood diarrhoea
rotavirus
what is used to treat shingles
acyclovir
what are features of n gonorrhoea infection
purulent urethral discharge which is yellow coloured
dysuria
what are features of chlamydia
dysuria
what distinguishes n gonorrhoea and chlamydia
n gonorrhoea has yellow purulent discharge
what is the first line treatment for bacterial meningitis
1.2g IM benzylpeniciillin
what stain is diagnostic of TB
ziehl nelson staining
what are the most common causes of bacterial meningitis
strep pneumoniae
n meningitidis
what distinguishes bacterial and viral meningitis
bacterial has a rash
what is a common cause of neonatal meningitis
listerial monocytogenes
what causes lockjaw
tetanus with c tetani
what causes scabies
sarcoptes scabiae
how does scabies present
itchy papular rash
found in web spaces between fingers and palms of hand
what is the most common cause of septic arthritis in children
h influenzae
what is the most common cause of septic arthritis in young adults
n gonorrhoea
what is the most common cause of septic arthritis in older adults
s aureus
what is seen on CT head with toxoplasmosis
ring enhancing lesions
how does candida albicans present
HIV patients
colonises in the oesophagus causing dysphagia and retrosternal discomfort
what is the most common complaint with PE
SOB
when and why does pleuritic chest pain present with PE
PE causes pulmonary infarction which leads to gradual onset of pleuritic chest pain
what condition is terlipressin used in
varices to lower BP
what condition is omeprazole used in
PUD to lower risk of rebleeding
what % of SAHs are excluded with CT scan
90
when should LPs be taken with SAH
> 12hours after presentation to allow for appearance of bilirubin in CSF (yellow)
what is rare in TIA
LOC
what is the treatment of choice for a VT with haemodynamic compromise
DC cardioversion
when is DC cardioversion used in AF
after 4wks of anticoagulation unless patient is haemodynamically compromised or patient clearly presents within 48hrs of onset
what is a common precipitant of an acute asthma attack
viral infection (bacteria is rare)
when is thrombolysis or PCI given to patients with an MI
if they present within 12hours of the symptoms
what might you seen in the palate with infectious mononucleosis
palatal petechiae
what test is used to confirm infectious mononucleosis
paul bunnell test (heterophile antibody test for EBV now improves on it)
when should rehydration intravenously occur in infection
tachycardia or signs of hypovolaemia
what is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis
strep pneumoniae
what produces a non-blanching petechial rash in meningitis
neisseria meningitidis
what is seen on CT with toxoplasmosis
ring-enhancing lesions
what are clue cells associated with
bacterial vaginosis
what is a gram negative diplococci
neisseria meningitidis
what is used to treat c diff
oral metronidazole
what causes retinitis in HIV
CMV
what is a auramine phenol stain used to diagnose
TB
what are examples of encapsulated organisms
Hemophilus influenzae Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis Group B streptococcus Klebsiella pneumoniae Salmonella
what infection assocoiated with india can cause liver abscesses
entamoeba histolytica
what can be used to treat MRSA
vancomycin
teicoplanin
what are gram positive cocci in clusters
staph
what are gram positive cocci in chains
strep
what is a gram negative bacilli
e coli
what is a gram positive cocci which is coagulase positive
s aureus
what is a gram positive cocci which is coagulase negative
s epidermidis (urinary problems)