Patho Exam 4

Question 1

B Cells are originally derived from the cells of the

Answer 1

Bone Marrow

Question 2

A 12 year old has a bacterial respiratory infection. Which of the following will most likely try to fight the antigen?

Answer 2

Antibodies

Question 3

Which patient will develop active immunity? One who:

Answer 3

Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization

Question 4

Regarding hemolytic disease of the newborn, which of the following is an expected finding?

Answer 4

The baby is Rh positive, and the mother is Rh negative.

Question 5

A 22-year-old was recently diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Which decreased lab finding would be expected to accompany this virus?

Answer 5

CD4 T-helper

Question 6

A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Answer 6

Gram Negative Bacteria

Question 7

An allergy is an example of which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 7

Type 1

Question 8

With type O blood, that _______ antibodies are present in the body.

Answer 8

Anti A & B

Question 9

When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus receive?

Answer 9

Passive

Question 10

Increased age is associated with (select all that apply):

Answer 10

1. Decreased immune function
2. Decreased numbers of circulating immune complexes
3. decreased ability to fight infection

Question 11

The main site of hematopoiesis in the fetus is the

Answer 11

liver

Question 12

Which condition would stimulate erythropoietin secretion?

Answer 12

Low Blood Oxygen Level

causes increased RBC formation

Question 13

A newborn is diagnosed with congenital intrinsic factor deficiency. Which of the following types of anemia will the nurse see documented on the chart?

Answer 13

Pernicious Anemia

Question 14

Erythrocytes which contain an abnormally low concentration of hemoglobin are called

Answer 14

Hypochromic

Question 15

Aplastic anemia is caused by

Answer 15

Stem Cell defiency

Question 16

Liver disease is a concern for clotting problems because

Answer 16

Clotting factors are produced in the liver

Question 17

A 1-year-old female is diagnosed with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoiesis. The most likely cause(s) is (are

Answer 17

An iron deficiency

Question 18

Which mother is at most risk for a maternal-fetal blood incompatibility

Answer 18

Mother is Rh-negative, and fetus is Rh-positive.

Question 19

The most common childhood cancer is

Answer 19

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Question 20

The normal leukocyte count is

Answer 20

5,000 - 10,000/mm3

Question 21

While planning care for elderly individuals, the nurse remembers the elderly are at a higher risk for developing dehydration because they have a(n):

Answer 21

Decreased muscle mass

Question 22

Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:

Answer 22

Osmotic forces

Question 23

When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance.

Answer 23

sodium

Question 24

A 5-year-old male presents to the ER with delirium and sunken eyes. After diagnosing him with severe dehydration, the primary care provider orders fluid replacement. The nurse administers a hypertonic intravenous solution. Which of the following would be expected?

Answer 24

intracellular dehydration

Question 25

Which of the following conditions would cause the nurse to monitor for hyperkalemia?

Answer 25

Acute acidosis

Question 26

The clinical manifestation of hypokalemia is

Answer 26

skeletal muscle weakness

Question 27

A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate values. This patient's acid base condition is:

Answer 27

respiratory acidosis

Question 28

The RN is caring for a patient who develops metabolic acidosis. Which of the following compensatory mechanisms would the RN first expect to observe?

Answer 28

Deep rapid respirations

Question 29

In caring for a patient with the diagnosis of bulimia and known repetitive vomiting over a period of weeks, the RN would expect which of the following acid/base imbalances?

Answer 29

metabolic alkalosis

Question 30

Which of the following buffer pairs is considered the major plasma buffering system?

Answer 30

Carbonic acid/bicarbonate

Question 31

The RN notes that a patient's serum K+ level is 5.8. Which of the following is an outcome of this level?

Answer 31

Increased excitability of cardiac muscle and arrhythmias

Question 32

The nurse reviews the ABG values and notes a pH of 7.5, pCO2 of 30, and a HCO3 of 25. The nurse interprets these values as indicating:

Answer 32

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 33

The largest fluid component of the body is

Answer 33

Intracellular

Question 34

From birth to adulthood, the percentage of total body water decreases. True or False

Answer 34

True

Question 35

The major cation of extracellular fluid is

Answer 35

Sodium

Question 36

The clinical manifestation of hyponatremia is:

Answer 36

Lethargy and confusion

Question 37

Which finding would support the diagnosis of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 37

Pneumonia

Question 38

A patient is being treated for an alteration in electrolytes. The associated abdominal cramps, tingling, and muscle cramping in the hands, feet and facial muscles are associated with

Answer 38

Hypocalcemia

Question 39

The nurse reviews the results of an ABG. The results indicate alkalosis. Which of the following values indicate that this acid base balance exists?

Answer 39

PCO2 = 28

Question 40

Calcium and phosphate concentrations are controlled by (select all that apply)

Answer 40

* Parathyroid hormone (PTH) * Vitamin D * Calcitonin

Question 41

A 20 year old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. His diarrhea can be classified as...

Answer 41

Osmotic- ## Footnote * ​a non absorbable substance in the intestine that leads to osmotic diarrhea *

Question 42

Pain is felt near the midline in the epigastrium and caused by a stimulus acting on the abdominal organ. The pain felt is classified as:

Answer 42

visceral

Question 43

The most common disorder associated with upper GI bleeding

Answer 43

Esophageal varices

Question 44

Bleeding from the rectus is referred to as

Answer 44

hematochezia

Question 45

A 50 year old male is experiencing reflux of chyme from the stomach. He is diagnosed with Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD). This condition is caused by

Answer 45

loss of muscle tone at the lower esophageal sphincter

Question 46

Heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing are classic for which disorder?

Answer 46

Hiatal Hernia ## Footnote *regurgitation, dysphagia, and substernal discomfort after eating are common in individual with hiatal hernia *

Question 47

A type of intestinal obstruction includes one part of the intestine telescopes into another. It may be accompanied by colicky pain followed by vomiting, sweating, nausea, and irritability. What type of intestinal obstruction is this?

Answer 47

Intussusception ## Footnote *telescoping causes strangulation of the blood supply and is more common in infants 10 to 15 months of age than in adults. *

Question 48

Chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area 2 to 3 hours after eating is diagnosed as duodenal ulcer. Which of the following behavior may have contributed to the development of the ulcer?

Answer 48

Cigarette Smoking ## Footnote *producing acid production *

Question 49

A worrisome potential that might develop from a stress ulcer:

Answer 49

bleeding

Question 51

A gastrointestinal disorder would be likely to lead to frequently recurring abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools?

Answer 51

Ulcerative Colitis *manifested by fever, elevated pulse rate, frequent diarrhea (10-­20 stools/day), urgency, obviously bloody stools, and continuous lesions present in the colon *

Question 52

Incomplete fusion of the nasomedial or intermaxillary process noted on a 3D ultrasound of a 9 week old fetus is associated with which term/diagnosis?

Answer 52

Cleft Lip ## Footnote *beginning the fourth week of embryonic development, a period of rapid development *

Question 53

Cystic Fibrosis is associated with which of the following digestive alterations?

Answer 53

malabsorption

Question 54

Occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux is highest in which pediatric population

Answer 54

premature infants

Question 55

Which of the following symptoms would help a healthcare provider distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease?

Answer 55

Malabsorption is common in Crohn's disease

Question 56

What could be a major cause of death in a immunosupressed client?

Answer 56

infection

Question 57

The coronary arteries supply the capillaries of the mycardium with blood. What happends if blockage occurs

Answer 57

risk for MI

Question 58

What are the goals to relieve angina?

Answer 58

* relief from the acute attack * correct hte imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand * prevent progression of the disease * reduce risk of MI

Question 59

Signs of left ventricular failure are evident where?

Answer 59

pulmonary system

Question 60

Signs of right ventricular failure are evident where?

Answer 60

systemic circulation

Question 61

What type of problem is thromboembolism

Answer 61

valve replacement with mechanicla prosthetic valve, lifetime anticoagulant is required

Question 62

What is a client with kidney disease at risk for

Answer 62

hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias

Question 63

What causes the increase in the HBA1c value

Answer 63

hyperglycemia in a client with diabetes mellitus

Question 64

What is cushings syndrome characterized by

Answer 64

hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

Question 65

What is addison's disease characterized by

Answer 65

hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones

Question 66

What is an extreme risk for a dka patient?

Answer 66

increase intracranial pressure, water is pulled from blood to CSF causing cerebral edema