Flashcards in Pathogenesis of cirrhosis and liver tumors Deck (29):
1
What's different about the sinusoids of a cirrhotic liver?
No fenestrations!
2
What are the three main types of inflammation?
1. Portal: Around portal tracts
2. Interface: Spilling out of the focal area of inflammation into the parenchyma
3. Lobular: Parenchymal inflammation
3
What is the process behind fibrosis of the liver?
Stellate cells in the space of disse are activated by kupffer cells, causing proliferation and production of collagen deposition
4
Histological appearance of a fibrotic liver:
Disappearance of lobules
bridging fibrous septa
parenchymal nodules
5
Features of hepatic failure
1. Jaundice
2. Hypoalbuminemia-->edema
3. Coagulopathy
4. Hyperammonemia
5. Hyperestrogenemia (plamar erythema, spider aniomata, and hypogonadism+gynecomastia
6
What are two benign liver tumors originating from hepatocytes?
1. hepatic adenoma
2. focal nodular hyperplasia
7
What are malignant tumors originating from hepatocytes?
1. Hepatocellular carcinoma
2. Hepatoblastoma
8
What are the benign tumors originating from biliary epithelium? Malignant?
Benign: bile duct adenoma + biliary hamartoma
Malignant: Cholangiocarcinoma
9
What are benign tumors originating from mesenchyme?
Benign: hemangioma/angiomyolipoma
Malignant: Angiosarcoma
10
Typical pt with hepatocellular adenoma?
Female 30-40's
11
What is hepatocellular adenoma associated with?
Oral contraceptive steroids
12
How does hepatocellular adenoma present?
RUQ mass, pain, hemorrhage
13
How do you diagnose hepatocellular adenoma?
CT
14
How do you treat hepatocellular adenoma?
Resection if it's larger than 5 cm
15
What does hepatocellular adenoma look like on histology?
normal looking hepatocytes, but no bile ducts or portal tracts.
16
What are you most worried about with hepatocellular adenoma?
They are benign, but can cause massive intra-peritoneal hemorrhage
17
What is your typical pt with focal nodular hyperplasia?
All ages, more common in men
18
What does focal nodular hyperplasia look like on histology?
JUST LIKE CIRRHOSIS. Therefore, you need to know whether your sample is seen all over the liver or just in a single mass lesion
19
What is your typical pt with hepatoblastoma?
Under 5 years of age. More common in males
20
How does hepatoblastoma present?
Rapidly enlarging upper abdominal mass
--Fever, N/V, diarrhea
--Elevated AFP
--High HCG-->virilization and precocious puberty
21
What are the different types of hepatoblastoma?
1. Embryonic type (looks like a PNET)
2. Fetal (clear cytoplasm)
3. Cholangioblastic (lots of ducts)
4. Mixed (stromal component with bone)
22
How do you treat hepatoblastoma?
Surgery + chemotherapy
23
What are common causes of HCC?
1. Hep B
2. Aflatoxin
3. Hep C
4. Alcoholic liver dz
5. NASH
24
What is the MOST common cause of HCC in the US?
HCV
25
What are the different types of HCC?
1. Solid
2. Trabecular
3. Acinar
4. Mixed
26
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular Ca
no association with chronic liver disease. It has a better prognosis. Will see lots of fibrous bands
27
What is cholangiocarcinoma related to?
Associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (NO relation to cirrhosis)
28
What serum marker is elevated in HCC? cholangiocarcinoma?
HCC=Alpha fetoprotein
cholangiocarcinoma=CEA
29