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Pathogens II Flashcards

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1
Q

What relationship does e coli have with humans?

A

commensal mutualistic organsims

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2
Q

What are properties of Escherichia coli?

A
  1. Gram negative
  2. Non spore forming
  3. Short rod
  4. Facultative anaerobe
  5. Can ferment lactose to acid
  6. Optimal growth at 37 degrees celcuis
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3
Q

How many cases of EHEC are there per year?

A

266,000 cases per year

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4
Q

What is EHEC connected to what?

A

food processing

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5
Q

What is EHEC transmission route?

A

Fecal oral

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6
Q

What are EHEC viruelence factors?

A
  1. Fimbriae enhance intestine colonizing
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7
Q

What are symptons of EHEC?

A
  1. Abdominal pain
  2. Followed by non bloody diarrhea
  3. Vomitting may occur in 50% of patients
  4. Within 1-2 days diarrhea turns bloody
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8
Q

What happens in 10% of cases in e coli?

A

Toxin produced by the microbe escapes in the bloodstream and kills erythrocytes, causing damage to blood vessels and damage to kidneys (HUS)

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9
Q

Why is e. coli such and efficient pathogen?

A
  1. Attachment and Effacement
  2. Attaches to fimbriae
  3. T3SS
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10
Q

What pathogen is produced in ecoli from a lysogenic bacteriophage?

A

Shiga toxin

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11
Q

What does shiga toxin do?

A

Toxin binds to Gb3 and traslates to A unit and attacks ribosome screwing up translation.

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12
Q

How do you diagnose e coli?

A

Culturing MO
Serological Testing against LPS and flagella

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13
Q

How do you treat e.coli?

A

Supportive care

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14
Q

What are the properties of salmonella enterica?

A
  1. gram negative rods
  2. facultative anaerobe
  3. Lactose and indole negative
  4. Fecal oral transmission
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15
Q

Salmonella e causes how many infections a year?

A

1.35 million

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16
Q

How do you get salmonella e?

A

Eating contaminated food/water

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17
Q

What is the incubation period of salmonella e?

A

12-96 hrs

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of salmonella e?

A
  • Non bloody diarrhea
  • Not as much bloating or gas
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Fever
  • Resolves in 1-7days
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19
Q

How do Se infect host cells?

A
  1. Type I fimbriae adhesion
  2. Type III secretion system - injects the proteins into the cells
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20
Q

What causes the diarrhea in se?

A

Enterotoxin

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21
Q

What cause strong immune response?

A

LPS

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22
Q

How do you diagnose se?

A

Culturing stool

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23
Q

How do you treat se in GI tract?

A

Supportive care

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24
Q

How do you treat se in systemic cases?

A
  1. Fluoroquinolones
  2. Ceftrixone
  3. Azithromycin
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25
What are the properties of clostridium difficile?
1. Gram positive 2. Strict anaerobe 3. Obligate fermenters 4. Spore formers 5. Ubiquitous in soil, water and part of the normal microbiota
26
What is the transmission for clostridium difficile?
fecal to oral
27
Clostridium difficile is really common in individuals with.....
little to no antibiotic use for a while
28
what are some symptoms of cd?
1. Diarrhea 2. Bloating 3. abdominal pain
29
how do you diagnose cd?
Test stool Tox AB immuno assay PCR
30
How do you prevent cd?
Hand hygiene Disinfecting equipment bleach
31
How do you treat cd?
Meteronidazole or vacomycin Fecal microbiome transplant (if 1st treatment fails)
32
how is sa transmitted?
direct contact with a person
33
What is sa properties?
1. Gram postive 2. cocci in clusters 1 micrometer in diameter 3. common inhabitants of the skin
34
What are symptoms of sa?
1. fever 2. swelling 3. accumulation of pus
35
sa promotes a deadly cocktail of what?
Surface molecules and toxins
36
How do you diagnose sa?
1. Symptoms and culturing 2. Gram stain 3. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing
37
How do you treat sa?
antibiotics beta lactam
38
what is the most ubiquitous pathogen on the face of the globe?
chlamydia
39
what are properties of chlamydia?
1. Obligate intracellular parasites of eukaryotes 2. No cell wall peptidoglycan 3. extremely temp sensitive
40
How does ct infect?
1. Infects epithelial cells of cervix 2. bacteria go into fallopian tubes 3. strong inflammatory response
41
what is pathgensis of ct?
Growth of pathogen and damage by immune system
42
How do you diagnose ct?
1. swab cervix females 2. urine in men culture microscopic exam pcr
43
How do you treat ct?
Doxycycline Azithromycin
44
How is HPV transmitted?
contact
45
How do you diagnose HPV?
Pap smear (women)
46
HPV pathogenesis is caused by what?
Replication
47
what is the treatment of HPV?
Vaccinate at young age
48
Lymes disease is a ____ borne disease?
Vector
49
What are symptoms of Lymes disease stage 1?
1. Bulls eye rash 2. Flu symptoms
50
What are symptoms of Lymes disease stage 2+3?
- multiple rashes at various sites - can lead to serious infections of the heart
51
What does lymes virulence depend on?
Various strains
52
How do you diagnose Bb?
1.checking for antibodies against the pathogen (blood test)
53
How do you treat Bb?
Doxycycline
54
what are the symptoms of malaria?
1. Fever 2. Nausea 3. Vomiting 4. Diarrhea
55
What are the two life cycles of malaria?
Blood stage Liver stage
56
how do you diagnose malaria?
Light microscope examination Some PCR available
57
How do you treat malaria?
Vaccine
58
what are transmission symptoms of Rc?
Sore throat Runny nose Cough Sneezing
59
How do you diagnose Rc?
symptoms
60
How do you treat Rc?
No treatment
61

Microbiology (18 decks)

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