Pathology dep.2 Practice Questions - Semester 1

Question 1

Typical change in Malignant Renal hypertension :

a) Relative hypertrophy of adipose tissue around the renal pelvis
b) Parenchymal atrophy
c) Fibroelastic hyperplasia in small muscular arteries
d) Fibrinoid necrosis

Answer 1

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 2

Kidney biopsy can diagnose this diseases EXCEPT :

a. )Wegener granulomatosis
b. )Amyloidosis
c. )Arteriolosclerosis
d. )Giant cell arteritis
e. )Polyarteritis nodosa

Answer 2

Giant cell arteritis occurs in branches the Carotid artery so a Kidney biopsy would NOT be useful.

Question 3

Budd-Chiari Syndrome revolves around Thrombosis of intrahepatic branches of the Portal vein (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 3

FALSE

Hepatic Veins of IVC

Question 4

The breaking of the basement membrane is pre-requirement for malignancy.
(TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 4

FALSE - requirement for Metastasis***

i.e. In Situ Carcinoma doesn’t break BM

Question 5

Possible complication of kawasaki disease (2) :

a. )Coronary aneurysm , rupture and thrombosis
b. )Malignant hypertension
c. )Conjunctival and oral erythema
d. )Blindness

Answer 5

Coronary aneurysm , rupture and thrombosis
+
Conjunctival and oral erythema

Question 6

Possible causes of Aortic dissection:

a) Coarctation
b) Air Embolism
c) Cystic Medial Degeneration
d) Aneurysm

Answer 6

c) Cystic Medial Degeneration

d) Aneurysm

Question 7

Typical for Pigment Navi (Birthmarks) EXCEPT:

a) may be congenital
b) malignant transformation is typical
c) most navi are acquired
d) most navi fade with age
e) usually are small

Answer 7

c)most navi are acquired

Not true for Pigment Navi

Question 8

A Phlegmone is :

a) a purulent infection with a tendency to form abscesses
b) multiple abscess formations in an organism
c) progressive purulent infection within loose connective tissue
d) purulent infection in a preformed cavity

Answer 8

progressive purulent infection within loose connective tissue

Question 9

Which is the most characteristic hypertensive lesion in the kidney ?

a) anemic infarction
b) tubular necrosis
c) arteriolosclerosis
d) glomerulosclerosis

Answer 9

arteriolosclerosis

Question 10

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) frequent in:

a) Smokers
b) Congenital heart failure
c) alcoholism
d) contraceptives

Answer 10

a) Smokers

Question 11

What is NOT a complication of a myocardial infarct?

a. )Rupture of free ventricular wall
b. )Rupture of affected wall
c. )Fibrosis pericardium
d. )Papillary rupture

Answer 11

Fibrosis pericardium is NOT an MI complication

Question 12

28. ) what is NOT correct for the acute fibrinous inflammation ?
    a) hyperemia
    b) proliferation of connective tissue cells
    c) extravasation of RBC
    d) increased permeability of capillaries

Answer 12

Acute Fibrinous Inflammation does NOT involve extravasation of RBC
(proliferation of connective tissue cells :”fibrin-rich exudates may not be completely removed,
and are replaced by an ingrowth of fibroblasts” Robbins 9E Page 43)

Question 13

Typical characteristics on the carcinoid syndrome may be:

a) obstructive constipation
b) watery diarrhea
c) zahnstocher leberinfarkt
d) intermittent hypertension

Answer 13

Typical characteristics on the carcinoid syndrome may be:

b) watery diarrhea
d) intermittent hypertension

Question 14

Possible complications of microscopic polyangiitis (2) :

a. )Necrotizing glomerulonephritis
b. )Myocardial infarction
c. )Necrotizing pulmonary arteritis
d. )Macroscopic infections

Answer 14

Necrotizing Glomerulonephritis and Necrotizing Pulmonary Arteritis

Question 15

a (pyogen) membrane of an abscess: (2 correct)

a) is found around subacute abscess
b) is found around an acute abscess
c) contains fibers , fibroblasts and macrophages
d) shows an epithelial lining

Answer 15

(pyogen) membrane of an abscess is found around subacute abscess and contains fibers , fibroblasts and macrophages

Question 16

Subendocardial infarction can cause rupture (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

Which arterial disease can impair the vision ? ( 2 correct)

a. ) Takayasu arteritis
b. ) Giant cell arteritis
c. ) Mönebecks sclerosis
d. ) Burger’s diseases

Answer 17

Takayasu arteritis and Giant cell arteritis (if localized in Ophthalmic art. or related arteries)

Question 18

Which statements are valid for the lipofuscin (2 right answers)?

a) Cytotoxic effect
b) Exogenous pigment
c) Ageing pigment
d) Yellowish-brown color

Answer 18

Ageing pigment and Yellowish-brown color

Question 19

Which is associated with Atrophic Glossitis?

a) CMV
b) Pernicious anemia
c) EBV
d) Burkitt lymphoma

Answer 19

b) Pernicious anemia

According to pathoma

Question 20

Which tumor secretes ACTH?

a) Small cell carcinoma
b) Large cell carcinoma
c) ovarian carcinoma
d) renal carcinoma

Answer 20

Which tumor secretes ACTH?

Small cell carcinoma (and ADH)

Question 21

Cytological Smears can be used for immunohistochemistry (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 21

TRUE

Question 22

Heart muscle cells and neurons are common origin of cancer. (FALSE/TRUE)

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

Which cell type is NOT characteristic for Granulation tissue?

a. Endothelium
b. Macrophage
c. Mast cell.
d. Fibroblast

Answer 23

Mast cell

Question 24

Benign Tumors in the lungs are more frequent than the malignant ones (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 24

FALSE

Question 25

Corynebacterium diphtheria toxin does not damage the myocardium (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 25

FALSE

Question 26

Important factor in atherosclerosis EXCEPT : a. )Hypertension b. )Lipid deposition in vessel wall c. )Endothelial destruction d. )Hyperglycemia e. )Amyloid deposition in vessel wall

Answer 26

Amyloid deposition in vessel wall

Question 27

In dilative cardiomyopathy : spherical dilation and mural thrombosis of the left ventricle are typical (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

2 characteristics for Wegener granulomatosis: a. )multifocal,l necrotizing pulmonary artery granulomas b. )myocardial infarction c. )Focal necrotizing thrombogenic vasculitis of isolated glomeruli d. )good prognosis if untreated

Answer 28

Multifucal, Necrotizing pulmonary artery granulomas and Focal Necrotizing Thrombogenic Vasculitis of Isolated Glomeruli (RPGN)

Question 29

Which bacteria can cause a granulomatous infection? a) Streptococci b) Pneumococci c) Meningococci d) Mycobacteria

Answer 29

Mycobacteria

Question 30

What is the Most Probable Reactivation site for TB in the Lung? a) Apex b) Base c) Hilum d) Bronchial Cartilage

Answer 30

Apex

Question 31

Mutational loss of the RB1 gene leads to: a) Carcinoma b) retinoblastoma c) neuroblastoma d) rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 31

Mutational loss of the RB1 gene leads to: | b) Retinoblastoma

Question 32

An Unstable Atheromatous plaque contains more lipid than a stable one (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 32

TRUE "Stable plaques tend to have a dense fibrous cap, minimal lipid accumulation, and little inflammation, whereas “vulnerable”unstable plaques have thin caps, large lipid cores, and relatively dense inflammatory infiltrates" - Robbins 9E page 344

Question 33

Rupture is a possible complication of (2): a) Glomangioma b) Cavernous Hemangioma c) Kaposi Sarcoma d) Angiosarcoma

Answer 33

c) Kaposi Sarcoma d) Angiosarcoma * Final stage of KS involves Pronounced Hemorrhages according to Robbins 9E page 360

Question 34

Which disease is mainly characteristic for calcification of media of the vessel? a) Atheromatosis b) Takayasu's Disease c) Atherosclerosis d) Monckeberg's Sclerosis

Answer 34

Monckeberg's (Medial) Sclerosis

Question 35

Ataxia Telangiectasia: a) mutation in the dsDNA repair system leading to dilated brain vessels b) mutation of p53 leading to dilated brain vessels c) associated with bone marrow failure d) associated with cerebellar dysfunction

Answer 35

Ataxia Telangiectasia: (a) mutation in the dsDNA repair system leading to dilated brain vessels and (d) associated with cerebellar dysfunction

Question 36

Where does Buerger disease occur? a) Pancreas b) Heart c) Liver d) Lower Limbs

Answer 36

d)Lower Limbs | Vasculitis

Question 37

Which of the following diseases are characterized by granulomatous tissue reaction? a. Brucellosis b. Anthrax c. Sarcoidosis d. Trachoma

Answer 37

Sarcoidosis

Question 38

Difference between giant cell arteritis and takayasu arteritis (2 correct): a. )Granuloma formation in giant cell arteritis b. )Giant cell arteritis affects people over 50 c. )Progressive luminal narrowing in takayasu arteritis d. )Pulmonary involvement in takayasu arteritis

Answer 38

Giant cell arteritis affects people over 50 and Pulmonary involvement in takayasu arteritis are 2 possible points that differs between the two.

Question 39

Mumps shows a milder in adults than in childhood. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 39

FALSE | "Symptoms are often more severe in adults than in children." - Wiki

Question 40

Which statements are NOT correct (2) ?granulation tissue is found … a) in acute inflammation b) in wound healing c) in the vicinity of infarcts d) on the bottom of a chronic peptic ulcer

Answer 40

granulation tissue is NOT found on the bottom of a chronic peptic ulcer and are NOT in acute inflammation . (a +d)

Question 41

Diagnostic Pathological Feature of Rheumatic Fever? a. )Endocarditis verrucosa acuta b. )Aschoff's bodies c. )Fibrinous pericarditis d. )Nodules on skin

Answer 41

b. Aschoff's bodies | All the rest are true for JONES but b is the diagnosis in Histology

Question 42

Does mitral valve insufficiency cause left ventricular hypertrophy? (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 42

TRUE | in chronic mitral regurgitation!

Question 43

FALSE for an aneurysm : a. )Within the lumen there is frequent thrombosis b. )The lumen shows eccentric thinning c. )Occurs in arteries d. )The elastic fibers in the vessel wall are diminished

Answer 43

The lumen DOESNT shows eccentric thinning

Question 44

``` Possible manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (2 good answers): A. Sarcoidosis B. Maran tables endocarditis C. basilar meningitis D. Pott's disease ```

Answer 44

C. basilar meningitis | D. Pott's disease

Question 45

Cat scratch disease Symptoms: a) Subacute Endocarditis b) Hemangioma c) Kaposi Sarcoma d) Lymph node granuloma

Answer 45

a) Subacute Endocarditis | d) Lymph node granuloma

Question 46

What entity can be proved by using prussian-blue staining? a) Acute Lung Congestion b) Acute Liver Congestion c) Chronic Lung Congestion d) Chronic Liver Congestion

Answer 46

Chronic Lung Congestion

Question 47

Raynaud's phenomenon occurs in : a. )Liver b. )Brain c. )Carpal tunnel d. )Vessels of upper extremities

Answer 47

Raynaud's phenomenon = Vessels of upper extremities

Question 48

Which microscopic lesion is characteristic for chronic myocardial ischemia ? a. )Inter`stitial fibrosis b. )Granulocytic infiltration c. )Granuloma d. )Apoptosis

Answer 48

Interstitial fibrosis

Question 49

An Empyema is: a) multiple abscess formation in an organism b) purulent infection with extensive necrosis c) a purulent infection with encapsulation d) a purulent infection in a preformed cavity

Answer 49

An Empyema is: a purulent infection in a preformed cavity

Question 50

Condyloma acuminata caused by? a) HPV 16 and 18 b) HPV 6 and 11 c) All HPV d) Only EBV causes

Answer 50

b) HPV 6 and 11

Question 51

Thrombocytopenia is seen in most Leukemias (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 51

TRUE | Robbins 9E Page 453: Table 11–13 Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Leukemia is mentioned as major cause as well as in wiki

Question 52

When is a characteristic wall rupture after acute Myocardial infarction? A. Now B. After several weeks C. After a few days

Answer 52

C. After a few days

Question 53

T cell Lymphoma can be located in: a) Salivary Glands b) Rectum c) Prostate d) Lower Limb Vessels

Answer 53

a)Salivary Glands | Peripheral T cell Lymphoma

Question 54

The constitutive activity of the integrin receptor has oncogenic effect in tumors: a) it activates FAK kinases b) it leads to mutated alpha chain c) it blocks PTEN d) It leads to a mutated Beta chain

Answer 54

The constitutive activity of the integrin receptor has oncogenic effect in tumors: a) it activates FAK kinases (PTK2)

Question 55

How much time does it need for VISIBLE macroscopic changes in the myocardium after a MI? a. ) 12-18h b. ) 1day c. ) 6 days d. ) 6 weeks

Answer 55

12-18h - Dark Discoloration appears

Question 56

Typical for bronchopneumonia (2 good answers): A. Direct attacks on a lung B. Fragile parenchyma C. lung biopsy is necessary for the diagnosis D. Purulent liquid

Answer 56

B. Fragile parenchyma D. Purulent liquid (Bad translation from German... here just in case)

Question 57

Possible location of Aneurysm EXCEPT : a. Thoracic Aorta b. Sagittal Sinus c. Anterior Cerebral Artery d. Left Ventricle

Answer 57

Sagittal Sinus

Question 58

What type of Necrosis occurs in Pancreatitis? a. Fat Necrosis b. Coagulative Necrosis c. Liquefactive Necrosis d. Fibrinoid Necrosis

Answer 58

a.Fat Necrosis (of peripancreatic fat) | Official Answer from the department if 2 options choose Liquefactive as well

Question 59

``` Which cells are the components of granulation tissue (2 good Answers)? A. osteoblast B. endothelial C. epithelium D. fibroblast ```

Answer 59

B. endothelial | D. fibroblast

Question 60

``` Common site of metastases from lung carcinoma (2 good Answers): A. adrenal B. brain C. kidney D. spleen ```

Answer 60

A. adrenal B. brain "Primary lung cancers also most commonly metastasize to the brain, bones, liver, and adrenal glands." - wiki

Question 61

In case of irreversible cell injury, the intracellular pH is… a. Increased. b. Decreased. c. Not changed.

Answer 61

Decreased

Question 62

Pathological Changes seen in the Kidney in Benign Hypertension, EXCEPT: a) Hyalinization of vessel walls b) Fibrinoid necrosis c) Fibroblastic Hyperplasia in small M. Arteries d) Atrophy of Parenchyma

Answer 62

Fibrinoid necrosis (MALIGNANT HTN!)

Question 63

what can cause the blood to go in the pericardial space? a) rupture septal ventricular wall b) rupture thoracic aorta c) rupture of myocardium d) rupture of coronary

Answer 63

d) rupture of coronary

Question 64

``` Complication of antibiotic treatment: A. achalasia B. Diffuse scleroderma C. Corrosive esophagitis D. esophageal stricture E. esophageal candidiasis ```

Answer 64

esophageal candidiasis

Question 65

With an enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node where is the most likely location of the primary tumor? a) small intestine b) large intestine c) prostate d) stomach

Answer 65

enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node = Virchow's | d) Stomach

Question 66

Complication of arteriolosclerosis EXCEPT: a. )Thrombosis b. )Mediannecrosis c. )Ischemic organ damage d. )Aneurysm e. )Embolization

Answer 66

Embolization is not a complication of ArteriOLOsclerosis

Question 67

A frozen section is taken during surgery for ? a) PCR b) IF c) Quick examination of characteristics/state of the tissue d) slide agglutination

Answer 67

c)Quick examination of characteristics/state of the tissue | Microscopy of Tumor

Question 68

What is NOT a common location of squamous cell carcinoma? a) Lung b) Ovary c) Skin d) Thyroid

Answer 68

b)Ovary is NOT a common location for Squamous cell carcinoma.

Question 69

In case of Atrophia Brunea, what gives the color affected organ? a) Hemosiderin b) Melanin c) Lipofuscin d) Bilirubin

Answer 69

Lipofuscin

Question 70

``` Hazardous properties of the benign tumor (2 good answers): A. Hormone producing B. Local invasion C. localization D. metastasis ```

Answer 70

A. Hormone producing | C. localization

Question 71

Typical basal cell carcinoma: a) gives frequent metastasis b) occurs in multicentral fashion c) frequently occurs on the external genitals d) grows as a pale superficial nodules

Answer 71

Typical basal cell carcinoma: b) occurs in multicentral fashion d)grows as a pale superficial nodules (rarely metastasize and located usually on head and neck)

Question 72

Mammary gland carcinoma is the most frequent and also the most lethal cancer in women. (FALSE/TRUE)

Answer 72

FALSE | Mammary gland carcinoma is the most frequent and also the most lethal cancer in women.

Question 73

Which Infectious agents induce granulomatous Inflammation (2)? a) Treponema Pallidum b) Pneumocystis Carinii c) Salmonella Typhi d) Mycobacterium Leprae

Answer 73

Mycobacterium Leprae (Lepra) and Treponema Pallidum (Syphilis)

Question 74

Which body part shows cystic change in association with adult polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) ? a) Brain b) prostate c) Liver d) Spleen

Answer 74

c)Liver "The abnormal gene exists in all cells in the body; as a result, cysts may occur in the liver, seminal vesicles, and pancreas. " - Wiki

Question 75

Possible tissue alterations in Shock, EXCEPT: a) Capillary Microthrombi b) Mucosal erosions c) Pulmonary Squamous cell Metaplasia d) Centrilobular necrosis in Liver

Answer 75

Pulmonary Squamous cell Metaplasia is NOT an alteration because of Shock

Question 76

In general the peptic ulcers localized in the vicinity of the pylorus. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 76

FALSE | "Peptic ulcers are four times more common in the proximal duodenum than in the stomach." - Robbins 9E Page 568

Question 77

squamous metaplasia is common phenomenon in bronchi thus squamous carcinoma occurs in lungs. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 77

TRUE

Question 78

Infectious endocarditis ( 2 correct) : a. )Always affects previously damaged heart valves b. )The acute form affects previously damaged heart valves c. )The subacute form affects previously damaged heart valves d. )The subacute form is associated with FUO ( fever of unknown origin )

Answer 78

Infectious endocarditis: The subacute form affects previously damaged heart valves AND associated with FUO ( fever of unknown origin )

Question 79

What histological change explains aortic aneurysm in Syphilis ? a. )Calcification b. )Cystic medial necrosis c. )Direct lysis of tunic media by endotoxin d. )Endarteritis of Vasa Vasorum e. )Fatty streak

Answer 79

Endarteritis of Vasa Vasorum

Question 80

Fatty degeneration of the myocardium : a. )Lipomatosis of the heart b. )The late stadium of a myocardial infarction c. )Amyloidosis of the myocardium d. )Scaring due to rheumatic myocarditis e. )A fine linear hypoxic small drop-like steatosis

Answer 80

A fine linear hypoxic small drop-like steatosis | Many lines together form the so called "Tiger Heart" pattern

Question 81

``` Which are predictive markers in tumor cells? a)EGFR b)KI-67 C)P53 D)ER ```

Answer 81

a)EGFR d)ER (Predictive = to targeted therapies, Diagnostic methods slides)

Question 82

The heart lesion associated with SLE : a. ) Marantic endocarditis b. ) Liebman Sacks Endocarditis c. ) Rheumatic Endocarditis d. ) Myocarditis

Answer 82

Liebman Sacks Endocarditis

Question 83

Possible cause of Hemopericardium a. )Pericardial rupture b. )Hemorrhagic infarction in neighbouring area c. )Influenza d. )Cardiac vein thrombosis e. )Rupture of MI

Answer 83

Rupture of MI could cause a Hemopericardium

Question 84

The nomenclature: "Benign" and "Malignant" refers more to the morphological than the biological characteristics of a tumor. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 84

TRUE The nomenclature: "Benign" and "Malignant" refers more to the morphological than the biological characteristics of a tumor.

Question 85

Possible form of acute Myocardial Infarction( 2 correct) : a. )Isolated right ventricular b. )Transmural c. )Pericardial d. )Subendocardial

Answer 85

Transmural(STEMI) and Subendocardial(NSTEMI)

Question 86

``` NOT autoimmune disease: A. Hashimoto's thyroiditis B. Ataxia telangiectasia C. gluten enteropathy D. Sjögren's syndrome E. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ```

Answer 86

Ataxia telangiectasia

Question 87

What types of tissue can undergo hypertrophy (2 right answers)? a) Cardiac Muscle b) Adipose Tissue c) Thyroid Gland 4) Colonic Epithelium

Answer 87

Cardiac Muscle and Adipose Tissue | Really weird but it seems to be what the department wants us to answer

Question 88

Brain metastasis most commonly originate from sarcomas: | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 88

FALSE - Carcinoma* | Brain metastasis most commonly originate from sarcomas.

Question 89

In case of brown atrophy, what gives the affected organ its color? a) Bilirubin b) Hematoidin c) Lipofuscin d) Hemosiderin

Answer 89

c)Lipofuscin

Question 90

where can an empyema NOT occur ? a) Pleural cavity b) Peritoneal cavity c) Brain Ventricles d) Myocardium

Answer 90

empyema can Not occur Myocardium

Question 91

Secondary healing process is characterized by all of these EXCEPT : a) Minimal scar formation b) Irregular wound edges c) Prolonged healing d) Superinfection

Answer 91

Secondary healing process is characterized by all of these EXCEPT : Minimal scar formation

Question 92

squamous metaplasia is common phenomenon in bronchi thus squamous carcinoma occurs in lungs. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 92

TRUE

Question 93

Possible complication of myocardial infarction associated with myocardial rupture (2 CORRECT): a. )aortic stenosis b. )fibrinous pericarditis c. )left to right shunt d. )mitral insufficiency

Answer 93

Left to right shunt and Mitral insufficiency

Question 94

In Hypercholesterolemia a heart attack below age 40 comes only rarely (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 94

FALSE

Question 95

Does mononucleosis infection cause splenomegaly? | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 95

TRUE | Mild - less than 500g

Question 96

Which segment of the gastrointestinal tract is most commonly affected by atherosclerotic complication? a) Duodenum b) Esophagus c) Cecum d) Sigma

Answer 96

c)Cecum

Question 97

Pulmonary embolism can occur after bone fracture (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 97

TRUE

Question 98

Cardiac changes in SLE, EXCEPT: (1) a) Myocarditis b) Atrial septal defect c) Coronary occlusion d) Valve Abnormalities

Answer 98

b) Atrial septal defect

Question 99

NOT a Cause of Microscopic Polyangiitis : a. )Penicillin and Sulfonamide induced necrotizing arteritis b. )Food hypersensitivity c. )P-ANCA antibodies against offending agent d. )Secondary to Henoch Schönlein Purpura

Answer 99

Food hypersensitivity

Question 100

Growth Receptors on Tumors (2): a) EDGF b) MHC c) WNT d) P53

Answer 100

a) EDGF | c) WNT (Frizzled-Receptor for WNT)

Question 101

Characteristic for Carcinoid endocarditis:(2) a) associated with tumors of the :GI, Pancreas and Lungs b) involves secretion of NE and PTH c) involves secretion of Serotonin, Histamine, Bradykinin and Prostaglandins. d) affects the left heart and Mitral valve

Answer 101

a)associated with tumors of the :GI, Pancreas and Lungs (RIKTIG) c)involves secretion of Serotonin, Histamine, Bradykinin and Prostaglandins.(RIKTIG)* (Robbins 9E page 395)

Question 102

Typical for Melanoma EXCEPT: a) Initially it spreads horizontally in the epidermis b) Initially it spreads vertically in the epidermis c) shows macroscopic irregular border d) frequently gives metastasis

Answer 102

b)Initially it spreads vertically in the epidermis | Not true for melanoma

Question 103

``` Complications of mitral stenosis (2 good answers): A. left ventricular hypertrophy B. atrial fibrillation C. Pulmonary Hypertension D. aortic aneurysm ```

Answer 103

B. atrial fibrillation | C. Pulmonary Hypertension

Question 104

Typical for down syndrome EXCEPT: a) most common cause is nondisjunction of mitotic chromosome. b) incidence rate increases with age of mother c) goes hand in hand with mental retardation d) the extra chromosome always comes from the mother

Answer 104

d)the extra chromosome DOES NOT always comes from the mother "The extra chromosome is believed to occur by chance, with no known behavioral activity or environmental factor that changes the probability." - Wiki

Question 105

What is the definite sign of malignancy? a) Many Mitosis b) large nuclei c) metastasis d) cell atypia e) cell polymorphism

Answer 105

What is the definite sign of malignancy? | C) Metastasis

Question 106

Obvious sign of malignancy: a) Polymorphism b) atypical mitosis c) increased numbers of mitotic figures d) necrosis e) Lymph node metastasis

Answer 106

Obvious sign of malignancy: | Lymph node metastasis

Question 107

Which of these are malignant epithelial cancer? (2) a) Epithelioid papillary granuloma b) Adenocarcinoma c) Papillary carcinoma d) Condyloma Acuminata

Answer 107

b) Adenocarcinoma | c) Papillary carcinoma

Question 108

Infection of the tuberculotic caverna? a) Aspergilloma b) Carcinoma c) Hamartoma d) Condyloma

Answer 108

a) Aspergilloma | "Aspergilloma mainly affects people with underlying cavitary lung disease such as tuberculosis" - Wiki

Question 109

Which vasculitis is associated with autoantibodies against endothelial and smooth muscle cells ? a. )Wegener granulomatosis b. )Microscopic polyarteritis c. )Kawasaki disease d. )Churg-strauss

Answer 109

Kawasaki disease

Question 110

Possible cause of Left Ventricular Failure : (2 correct ) a. )Pulmonary fibrosis b. )Pulmonary embolism c. )Hypertension d. )Aortic insufficiency

Answer 110

Hypertension and Aortic insufficiency

Question 111

``` Cancer grading (degree of differentiation) is the evaluation of the individual tumor on the base of size, nodal involvement and metastasis. (TRUE/FALSE) ```

Answer 111

FALSE Cancer grading (degree of differentiation) is the evaluation of the individual tumor on the base of size, nodal involvement and metastasis. THIS IS STAGING !

Question 112

``` Which vascular tumor is a tumor-associated AIDS? A. Cavernous hemangioma B. Capillary Hemangioma C. Kaposi's sarcoma D. Glomus E. angiosarcoma ```

Answer 112

C. Kaposi's sarcoma | Not the only one as previous question mentions

Question 113

``` The most typical cause of arterial thrombosis: A. polyarteritis nodosa B. congestion C. vasoconstriction D. endothelial damage ```

Answer 113

endothelial damage

Question 114

Down syndrome causes leukemia in Newborns | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 114

TRUE

Question 115

Cause of Cor Pulmonale ( 2 correct): a. )Hypercholesterolemia b. )Severe Kyphoscoliosis c. )Cirrhosis d. )Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Answer 115

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and Severe Kyphoscoliosis (causing pressure on RV that leads to Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Hypertension in the Pulmonary Circulation)

Question 116

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis ( 2 correct): a. )also called Liebman Sacks endocarditis b. )also called Endocarditis Marantica c. )associated with autoimmune process d. )associated with pre-terminal state and bad general condition

Answer 116

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis is also called Endocarditis Marantica and associated with pre-terminal state and bad general condition.

Question 117

In dilated cardiomyopathy a common variation is the spherical dilation of heart wall / mural thrombosis of the left Ventricle. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 117

TRUE | Robbins 9E Page 398, Diagram

Question 118

Atrophy is a process that happens when there is a loss of function of an organ (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 118

TRUE

Question 119

Which of the following would cause atrophy? a) Lack of TSH Stimulation b) Chronic Inflammation c) Mutation in Tumor Suppressor genes d) AML

Answer 119

a) Lack of TSH Stimulation | on thyroid

Question 120

Most common place of adenocarcinoma: a) Larynx b) vagina c) esophagus d) colon

Answer 120

Most common place of adenocarcinoma: d) colon

Question 121

Lung Carcinoma can be derived from Alveolar and Bronchial Epithelium (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 121

TRUE

Question 122

Characteristics of Post Mortem Clots are, EXCEPT: a. Smooth surface b. Moist c. Not attached to cell wall. d. Laminated e. Forms include yellow thrombus.

Answer 122

Post mortem clots are NOT Laminated

Question 123

The keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is a benign tumor. | FALSE/TRUE

Answer 123

FALSE - Malignant | The keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is a benign tumor.

Question 124

Crohn's disease can not occur in the rectum. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 124

FALSE | Least common but it happens - Pathoma IBD

Question 125

How can fat embolism occur? (2) a) Hyperlipidemia b) Femur fracture c) Liposuction surgery d) Lipoma

Answer 125

b) Femur fracture | c) Liposuction surgery

Question 126

How to test for amyloidosis? a) Biopsy of bone b) Biopsy of mucosa c) Sputum sample d) Imaging is enough

Answer 126

b) Biopsy of mucosa

Question 127

``` What is the most common Appendix tumor? A. adenocarcinoma B. Neuroendocrine tumor C. Schwannoma D. Malignisches melanoma ```

Answer 127

B. Neuroendocrine tumor

Question 128

A definite sign of malignancy? a) Vascular invasion of tumor b) Prominent nucleus c) Polymorphism d) Mitotic figures

Answer 128

a) Vascular invasion of tumor

Question 129

Which of the following is not diagnosed via KI67 (cell Proliferation marker ) Immunohistochemistry: a) Breast Cancer b) Neuroendocrine Tumors c) Prostate Cancer d) Lung Cancer

Answer 129

d)Lung Cancer

Question 130

Which chromosome shows trisomy in patau syndrome? a) 21 b) 6 c) 11 d) 13 e) 18

Answer 130

d)13 Chromosome 21 = Down syndrome Chromosome 13= Patau syndrome Chromosome 18= Edwards syndrome

Question 131

Which condition can cause severe pulmonary bleeding: a) Bronchopneumonia b) Tuberculotic Granuloma c) Sarcoidosis d) Infarction

Answer 131

Tuberculotic Granuloma | Caverna

Question 132

Typical location of Phlegmon formation: a) Soft tissue of extremities b) Brain c) Lung d) Spleen

Answer 132

Soft tissue of extremities

Question 133

Correct for metaplasia: a) dedifferentiation of cells b) the direction of differentiation is changed during the regeneration c) degenerative change d) is an obligate precancerous state

Answer 133

Correct for metaplasia: | b)the direction of differentiation is changed during the regeneration

Question 134

Typical location for empyema formation: a) Spleen b) Brain c) Gallbladder d) Testicle

Answer 134

c)Gallbladder

Question 135

Burgers diseases segmental vasculitis of medium sized and small arteries is significant (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 135

TRUE

Question 136

Typical for henoch sherline purpura(HSP): a) occurs around the 5th year of life b) deposition of IgM-type immune complexes c) deposition of IgD-type-immune complexes d) occurs after an upper airways diseases

Answer 136

HSP occurs around the 5th year of life (its IgA and complement deposition)

Question 137

Some types of hyperplasia are precancerous.(TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 137

TRUE | Some types of hyperplasia are precancerous.

Question 138

In which organ leiomyoma does not develop ? a) Stomach b) Colon c) Heart d) Uterus

Answer 138

Heart - No SMCs

Question 139

Most important cause of Ulcer Cruris : a. )circulatory disorder of the veins of the lower extremities b. )crohn diseases c. )atherosclerosis of lower extremities d. )Raynaud syndrome

Answer 139

circulatory disorder of the veins of the lower extremities

Question 140

Common in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy a. )Aortic Stenosis b. )Pulmonary Hypertension c. )Systemic Hypertension d. )Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer 140

a. )Aortic Stenosis | c. )Systemic Hypertension

Question 141

What is the most common origin of Pulmonary Embolism? a) Deep Veins of the Lower Limbs b) Left Atria c) Pelvic Veins d) Superficial veins of the Lower Limbs

Answer 141

Deep Veins of the Lower Limbs - Place for Thrombus to Develop

Question 142

In the area of the myocardial infarction a scar develops : a. )in 7-14 days b. )in 4 weeks c. )in 2-3 days d. )in 5-7 days e. )in 2-3 weeks

Answer 142

in 2-3 weeks

Question 143

what is hyperplasia ? a) increasing tissue mass due to increased number of cells b) increased tissue mass due to increased number of cell organelles c) Increased tissue mass due to increased size of the nucleus d) Increasing tissue mass due to increased cell size

Answer 143

Increasing tissue mass due to increased number of cells

Question 144

Which of these cancers are intermediate malignant? (2) a) rhabdomyosarcoma b) basal cell carcinoma c) cystic ovarian cancer d) small cell carcinoma

Answer 144

b) basal cell carcinoma | c) cystic ovarian cancer

Question 145

Leads to polyarteritis nodosa: a. )Contraceptives b. )Heavy smoking c. )Greasy food d. )Strong alcoholism e. )Congenital Heart diseases

Answer 145

b.)Heavy smoking (NO GOOD ANSWER HERE) (Hepatitis B infection leading to immune complex formation in vessels - There's an article mentioning a)Contraceptives as an option)

Question 146

Can be detected in Rheumatic endocarditis: a. Large, polypoid thrombi along the lines of closure of cusps. b. Perforation of valves. c. Verrucosus thrombi of thrombocytes along the lines of closure cusps. d. Ulcerated valves.

Answer 146

Verrucosus thrombi of thrombocytes along the lines of closure cusps.

Question 147

These cause granuloma formation EXCEPT (choose 1) : a) Herpes b) TB c) Syphilis d) Oxatosis e) Aspergillosis

Answer 147

a)Herpes

Question 148

Characteristic of the squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (2 good answers): A. In general this cancer is associated with HPV infection B. In general this is from the central bronchial carcinoma C. This lung cancer has the worst prognosis D. Occurs at the bottom of the squamous metaplasia

Answer 148

B. In general this is from the central bronchial carcinoma | D. Occurs at the bottom of the squamous metaplasia

Question 149

Most prominent sign in sickle cell anemia is Splenomegaly (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 149

FALSE | there are other more prominent like Anemia or Thrombus formation

Question 150

When rigor mortis is missing, the death took place over 72 hours (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 150

TRUE "commences after around 3 hours, reaching maximum stiffness after 12 hours, and gradually dissipates until approximately 72 hours after death" https://australianmuseum.net.au › history › exhibitions › death-the-last-taboo

Question 151

A man with frequent urinary infections comes in with decrease blood pressure, tachycardia, etc. What does he have? a) Endocarditis b) Pancreatitis c) Emphysema d) Septic shock

Answer 151

d)Septic shock

Question 152

Which is associated with a cold Abscess? a) Tuberculosis b) Syphilis c) Streptococcal infection d) Shigellosis

Answer 152

a)Tuberculosis

Question 153

Possible consequence of Mitral Stenosis ( 2 correct): a. )Left ventricular hypertrophy b. )Atrial fibrillation c. )Pulmonary hypertension d. )Aortic aneurysm

Answer 153

Atrial fibrillation (Due to Dilated LA) and Pulmonary hypertension (Congestion)

Question 154

Polyarteritis nodosa (2 correct) : a. )commonly in women b. )pulmonary involvement c. )pronounced renal involvement d. )affect the whole arterial tree e. )Is a segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation

Answer 154

Is a segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation (Pearls on string) and has Pronounced renal involvement (Hypertension)

Question 155

What staining do you have to freeze beforehand? a) Percussion Blue b) Hematoxylin Eosin c) Sudan Red d) Congo Red

Answer 155

c)Sudan Red

Question 156

Splenomegaly, EXCEPT in: a) Hodgkin Lymphoma b) Gaucher Disease c) Malaria d) Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 156

d)Iron Deficiency Anemia

Question 157

Which of the following is a form of Acute inflammation: a) Fibrinoid b) Fibrous c) Fibrinous d) Fibrosis

Answer 157

c)Fibrinous | Acute Fibrinous Inflammation

Question 158

Xeroderma pigmentosum : a) Is a basal cell carcinoma of the epithelium b) is associated with cafe au lait pigmentation of the skin c) is the inability to repair UV light induced DNA damage d) shows autosomal dominant inheritance

Answer 158

Xeroderma pigmentosum : c) is the inability to repair UV light induced DNA damage (basal cell carcinoma of the epithelium - only a Risk Factor!, If 2 answers are required choose it as well)

Question 159

Are the capillaries in passive hyperemia dilated ?

Answer 159

NO

Question 160

Heterozygous loss of tumor suppressor genes causes tumor formation. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 160

Heterozygous loss of tumor suppressor genes causes tumor formation. FALSE - Homozygous!

Question 161

In Wegener granulomatosis : a. )large elastic arteries are affected b. )small sized arteries are affected c. )autoantibodies against endothelial cells are present d. )C-ANCA antibodies are present

Answer 161

C-ANCA antibodies are present and small to medium sized arteries are affected

Question 162

``` It is caused by Chlamydia infection EXCEPT: A. trachoma B. psittacosis C. lymphogranuloma venereum D. Q fever ```

Answer 162

Q fever

Question 163

From which cell type do Langerhans giant cells arise ? a) Epithelioid cells b) Pericytes c) Fibroblasts d) Endothelial cells

Answer 163

Epithelioid cells

Question 164

The main feature of the catarrhal inflammation: A. Deep ulcers B. phlegmon C. granulomatous reaction D. Copious secretion from the superficial mucosa

Answer 164

Copious secretion from the superficial mucosa

Question 165

What is the typical location of Lung Infarction? a) Perivascular b) Subpleural c) Hilar d) Peribronchial

Answer 165

Subpleural

Question 166

All polymorphic cells in tumors nodule have same genes. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 166

FALSE

Question 167

Embolism of the peripheral lung arteries causes Pulmonary Infarction because they are terminal arteries (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 167

TRUE

Question 168

Genetic testing is important in the differential diagnosis of Ewing Sarcoma (TRUE/ FALSE)

Answer 168

TRUE "...differ from Ewing's sarcoma in their genetics, transcriptomes, epigentic and epidemiological profiles, indicating that they might represent a distinct tumor entity." - Wiki

Question 169

Which type of Necrosis happens due to Obstruction of the Renal Artery? a) Gangrenous b) Liquefactive c) Caseous d) Coagulative

Answer 169

Coagulative

Question 170

In Liebamnn Sachs endocarditis bacteria are demonstrated in the vegetations (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 170

FALSE | Non-Infectious, SLE related

Question 171

Possible Consequence of thrombosis of the periprostatic vein plexus (2): a) Hemorrhagic Infarction of the Prostate b) Pulmonary Embolism c) Edema in the Lower extremities d) Anemic Infarction of the Prostate

Answer 171

a) Hemorrhagic Infarction of the Prostate b) Pulmonary Embolism https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11023099

Question 172

The aorta of young women is affected by : a. ) polyarteritis nodosa b. ) Takayasu arteritis c. ) Crohn citizens d. ) Raynaud's syndrome e. ) Syphilitic endarteritis obliterans

Answer 172

Takayasu arteritis

Question 173

Characteristic for Microscopic Polyangiitis ( 2): a. )Affects large muscular arteries b. )Affects segments of small arteries, capillaries and venules c. )All arterial lesions are of the same age d. )Coronary artery thrombosis

Answer 173

Affects segments of small arteries, capillaries and venules and all arterial lesions are of the same age

Question 174

Correct for malignancies of blood vessels: a) Hemangioma is a benign neoplasm arising from endothelial cells b) Hemangioma is a malignant neoplasm arising from endothelial cells c) Angiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from SMC d) Angiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from endothelial cells

Answer 174

a)Hemangioma is a benign neoplasm arising from endothelial cells and (d) Angiosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm arising from endothelial cells

Question 175

Which of the following rhabdomyosarcomas is as a result of a chromosomal abnormality? a) Embryonal b) Botryoid c) Alveolar d) Anaplastic

Answer 175

a) Embryonal c) Alveolar (Robbins mentions only this one) "Embryonal RMS usually presents with a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the short arm of chromosome 11 (p11,15.5)." - Wiki "Up to 90% of alveolar RMS cases present with a translocations of t(2;13)(q35,q14) or, less commonly, t(1;13)(p36,q15)." - Wiki

Question 176

``` Possible causes of left heart failure (2 good answers): A. pulmonary fibrosis B. Pulmonary Embolism C. hypertension D. aortic insufficiency ```

Answer 176

C. hypertension | D. aortic insufficiency

Question 177

Enterotoxigenic E.coli causing diarrhea by drawing water from mucosa and increasing peristalsis (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 177

TRUE

Question 178

# Choose the FALSE statement for Amyloidosis : a) In Amyloidosis of Liver, Amyloid is deposited in the Glisson's Capsule. b) Amyloid can be detected by Congo-red staining. c) Amyloid can be detected in several types Neuroendocrine tumors. d) Amyloid deposition in the GI tract can cause malabsorption.

Answer 178

In Amyloidosis of Liver, Amyloid is NOT deposited in the Glisson's Capsule. BUT in the Space of Disse .

Question 179

Cause of Wet Gangrene: a) Arterial occlusion with Reperfusion Injury b) Venous occlusion with Superinfection c) Venous occlusion with Atrial Occlusion d) Arterial occlusion with Superinfection

Answer 179

d)Arterial occlusion with Superinfection

Question 180

Neoplasia related genes (2): a) INS b) MYC c) BRCA d) GCG

Answer 180

b) MYC | c) BRCA

Question 181

Common location of fibrinous Inflammation (2 right answers): a) Kidney b) Colon c) Liver d) Pericardium

Answer 181

Colon (Pseudomembranous Colitis) and Pericardium (Fibrinous Pericarditis - Butter Bread Heart)

Question 182

Paradoxical embolism is allowed by ( 2 correct): a. )PDA ( patent ductus arteriosus) b. )ASD ( atrio septal defect) c. )Increased pressure in right atrium d. )arterial thrombus

Answer 182

ASD ( atrio septal defect) or Increased pressure in right atrium - (Both leading to Foramen Ovale function)

Question 183

In shock blood supply of the Heart is better than blood supply of the Kidney. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 183

TRUE

Question 184

Replacement of necrotic cells by living cells is a : a) Regeneration b) Neoplasia c) Dysplasia d) Metaplasia

Answer 184

Regeneration

Question 185

The most common congenital cardiac malformation is the pulmonary stenosis. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 185

FALSE | VSD's

Question 186

Wegener triade in wegener's granulomatosis : a. )Granulomas, vasculitis , pulmonary involvement b. )Granulomas , respiratory tract involvement , glomerulonephritis c. )Granulomas, vasculitis of small and medium sized capillaries , glomerulonephritis d. )Granulomas, vasculitis, myocardial infarction

Answer 186

Granulomas, vasculitis of small and medium sized capillaries , glomerulonephritis

Question 187

Which is NOT a paraneoplastic syndrome? a) Acromegaly b) Cushing syndrome c) Rheumatic endocarditis d) Marantic endocarditis

Answer 187

c) Rheumatic endocarditis is NOT paraneoplastic syndrome! (Acromegaly - First Aid 2019 Page 343) (Marantic endocarditis - First Aid 2019 Page 229)

Question 188

All of the following are features of Acute Inflammation, EXCEPT: a) Vasodilation b) Fibrosis c) Exudate d) Edema

Answer 188

Fibrosis is a feature of Chronic Inflammation and NOT acute Inflammation Robbins 9E Page 502

Question 189

Occlusion of the left circumflex can cause septal infarction. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 189

FALSE

Question 190

The main histological types of lung cancer are: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 190

TRUE

Question 191

TP53 mutation stops cellular proliferations (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 191

FALSE

Question 192

Risk for infectious endocarditis increases due to : a. )SLE b. ) Left ventricular hypertrophy c. )Emphysema d. )Congenital valve diseases

Answer 192

Congenital valve diseases | S. Viridans Pathogenesis

Question 193

Where does the fat accommodate in case of "fatty degeneration"? a) Hepatocyte Cytoplasm b) Mucosal Nuclei c) Spleen Interstitium d) Lymphovascular Spaces

Answer 193

Hepatocyte Cytoplasm

Question 194

In which diseases is the heart abnormally enlarged but the number of myocytes is unchanged ? a. )Atrophy b. )Hypertrophy c. )Dysplasia d. )Anaplasia

Answer 194

Hypertrophy

Question 195

Correct for metaplasia: a) the altered phenotype results from modified protein expression while the genome remains constant b) mutation is responsible for the change in phenotype c) the pattern of protein expression is constant, only the structure of the proteins is changed d) Altered cell shape does not result in function alteration

Answer 195

Correct for metaplasia: b)mutation is responsible for the change in phenotype (Robins claims: "arise by reprogramming of stem cells to differentiate along a new pathway" which is Not mutation but that's the best possibility on this one)

Question 196

which statement is NOT correct : liquefactive necrosis …. a) is the necrosis typical for the spleen b) is characterized liquefying of the tissue c) occurs in bone marrow softening d) is the necrosis typical for the brain

Answer 196

liquefactive necrosis is NOT the necrosis typical for the spleen

Question 197

Which vasculitis type is NOT associated with ANCA antibodies ? ( 2 correct ) a. )Wegener granulomatosis b. )Microscopic polyarteritis c. )Polyarteritis nodosa d. )Churg-strauss e. )Giant cell arteritis

Answer 197

Polyarteritis nodosa and Giant cell arteritis Wegener's granulomatosis = C-ANCA Churg-strauss and Microscopic polyarteritis = P-ANCA

Question 198

Von hippel lindau is associated with? a) hemangiomas of CNS or retina b) renal carcinoma c) pancreatic cyst d) )pheochromocytoma

Answer 198

All of them: a) hemangiomas of CNS or retina b) renal carcinoma c) pancreatic cyst d) )pheochromocytoma

Question 199

Typical for downs syndrome mutation: a) Congenital heart disease often occurs b) early death is due to nervous system malfunction c) involves trisomy of chromosome 18 d) immunologic symptomes are rare

Answer 199

a)Congenital heart disease often occurs

Question 200

Pathological states indicating chronic congestion (2 correct): a) Hydrothorax b) Induratio griseum pulmonum c) Cholesterosis vesicae felleae d) Nutmeg liver

Answer 200

Nutmeg liver and Hydrothorax ( also in infections, malignancies) (Induratio griseum pulmonum should be Induratio brunea pulmonum)

Question 201

Characteristics of Polyarteritis Nodosa : ( NOT correct) a) Renal artery Vasculitis b) Prevalence in young adults c) Prevalence in smokers d) Fibrinoid Necrosis

Answer 201

Prevalence in smokers is NOT a Characteristic of Polyarteritis Nodosa (Immune related)

Question 202

In cervicofacial actinomycosis there is a boardlike infiltration (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 202

TRUE

Question 203

2 facts that are true for Myocarditis: a. )Is a primary diseases of the subendocardial cardiomyocytes b. )Is a primary disease of the cardiac interstitium c. )Leads to ventricular hypertrophy d. )Involves secondary myocytolysis and microinfarction

Answer 203

Myocarditis is a primary disease of the cardiac interstitium, Involves secondary myocytolysis and microinfarction.

Question 204

Fatty Degeneration most often occurs in the Liver, which plays an important role in fat metabolism, but it can be seen in the kidney, heart and muscles as well. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 204

TRUE

Question 205

``` Can cause pseudomembranous colitis, EXCEPT: A. E. coli B. Candida C. uremia D. Clostridium difficile E. Shigella ```

Answer 205

A. E. coli

Question 206

A seminoma is a benign tumor of the testicular germ epithelium. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 206

FALSE - Malignant | A seminoma is a benign tumor of the testicular germ epithelium.

Question 207

True for Granulation tissue (2) : a. High Vascularization b. High collagen content c. can occur in a fistule d. Part of Acute Inflammation process

Answer 207

High Vascularization and Can occur in a Fistule

Question 208

What is Hyaline? a) Lipid b) Stain c) Carbohydrate d) Protein

Answer 208

d)Protein

Question 209

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (2 correct) : a. )Idiopathic or due to irradiation fibrosis ,sarcoidosis, amyloidosis b. )Decreased cardiac output c. )Decreased cardiac contractility d. )Decreased cardiac compliance and ventricular filling

Answer 209

(a) Idiopathic or due to irradiation fibrosis , sarcoidosis, amyloidosis causes (d) Decreased cardiac compliance and ventricular filling (Table in page 397 Robbins 9E)

Question 210

Which arterial disease can impair the vision ? ( 2 correct) a. ) Burger's diseases b. ) Giant cell arteritis c. ) Mönebecks sclerosis d. ) Diabetic Microangiopathy

Answer 210

Giant cell arteritis and Diabetic Microangiopathy | b and d

Question 211

What are the consequences of myocardial rupture?(2) a) Fatal Hemopericardium b) Cardiac Tamponade c) Chronic Inflammation d) Granuloma Formation

Answer 211

a) Fatal Hemopericardium | b) Cardiac Tamponade

Question 212

Which one is NOT a childhood tumor? a) neuroblastoma b) hepatoblastoma c) wilms tumor d) CML

Answer 212

CML

Question 213

In which case do we find basophilic staining? a) Coagulative necrosis b) Liquefactive necrosis c) Caseous necrosis d) Fat necrosis

Answer 213

d)Fat necrosis | Robbins 9E Page 11

Question 214

More than 95% of all pulmonary emboli arise from thrombi within: a. The veins of penis. b. The superficial veins of the leg. c. The large deep veins of the leg. d. The placenta

Answer 214

The large deep veins of the leg. | DVT - Deep Vein Thrombosis

Question 215

For a lung carcinoma typically (2 good answers): 0 score A. are often very metastases in the skeletal muscle B. In general it is diagnosed at an early stage C. Often there metastases to the brain D. Often it is as occult carcinoma

Answer 215

C. Often there metastases to the brain | D. Often it is as occult carcinoma

Question 216

Connect the appropriate matches: a. Thromboembolism b. Amniotic fluid embolism c. Fat embolism d. Air embolism i. Also called Caisson disease. ii. May occur following fractures of long bones. iii. The most common form of pulmonary embolism iv. Caused by barotrauma. v. May be a rare complication of delivery. vi. Atrial fibrillation may be the underlying cause.

Answer 216

Thromboembolism -most common form of PE, Atrial fibrillation. Amniotic fluid embolism - rare complication of delivery Fat embolism - fractures of long bones Air embolism -Caisson disease (Decomp.), barotrauma

Question 217

``` Degeneration or absence of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus is typical: A. celiac disease B. terminal ileitis C. Malabsorption syndrome D. Chronic Ulcerative Colitis E. congenital megacolon ```

Answer 217

E. congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)

Question 218

Characteristic for Kawasaki disease: ( 2 correct) a. )In the aorta of young women b. )In childhood c. )Primarily involves renal arteries d. )Primarily involves coronary arteries

Answer 218

Primarily involves coronary arteries and happens in childhood

Question 219

a Paraneoplastic syndrome example is: a) Von-Hippel Lindau Syndrome b) Rett Syndrome c) Cushing syndrome d) Raynaud syndrome

Answer 219

c)Cushing syndrome

Question 220

Which cancer does NOT give metastasis? a) adenoma of pituitary gland b) basal cell carcinoma of the skin c) hepatocellular carcinoma d) CNS

Answer 220

b) basal cell carcinoma of the skin - (Rarely) d) CNS - Glioma (adenoma of pituitary gland - Umbrella term for Pituitary tumors including metastatic carcinomas - wiki)

Question 221

Possible component of inflammatory exudate, EXCEPT: a) Hemoglobin b) Fibrin c) Collagen d) DNA

Answer 221

Collagen is NOT a possible Inflammatory Exudate

Question 222

Characteristic for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung? (2) a) Can Produces Mucin b) Derives from squamous cell metaplasia of the bronchus c) Can Produces Keratin d) HPV Associated

Answer 222

b) Derives from squamous cell metaplasia of the bronchus | c) Can Produces Keratin

Question 223

Characteristic for Eisenmenger syndrome : (2 correct) a. )Includes ASD , VSD and patent ductus arteriosus b. )Shunt reversal of an left to right or right to left shunt c. )Isolated vessel transposition d. )Can be seen in ASD, VSD and patent oval foramen

Answer 223

Eisenmenger syndrome :b) Shunt reversal of an left to right or right to left shunt and a) Includes ASD , VSD and patent ductus arteriosus

Question 224

Apoptosis will NOT Produce: a) Separation from Surrounding cells b) dissolution of cytoskeleton c) crosslinking proteins d) Inflammation around dead cells

Answer 224

d)Inflammation around dead cells

Question 225

Which are characteristic of Hemosiderin Pigment (2 right answers) : a) stained by Sudan Red b) Toxic to Macrophages c) Positive Staining in Prussian Blue d) It can accumulate systematically

Answer 225

Positive Staining in Prussian Blue and It can accumulate systematically

Question 226

``` Possible manifestations of post-primary tuberculosis (2 good answers): A. Ghon complex B. tuberculin reaction C. Tuberculosis osteomyelitis D. miliary ```

Answer 226

C. Tuberculosis osteomyelitis | D. miliary TB

Question 227

Adenocarcinoma is the most common laryngeal cancer. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 227

FALSE | "Laryngeal cancer are mostly squamous cell carcinomas" - Wiki

Question 228

Which tumor most likely produces PTH? a) renal cell carcinoma b) small cell carcinoma c) bronchial carcinoma d) squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 228

Which tumor most likely produces PTH? a) renal cell carcinoma d) squamous cell carcinoma

Question 229

Can chromosomal translocation induce tumor? | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 229

TRUE

Question 230

Which tumors secrete insulin and ILGF : a) Hepatocellular carcinoma b) epidermal carcinoma c) ectodermal carcinoma d) (mesenchymal) sarcoma

Answer 230

Which tumors secrete insulin and ILGF: d) (mesenchymal) sarcoma ( a)Hepatocellular carcinoma - Only in written in Robbins 9th )

Question 231

neurosecretory granules are found in X Ray in (2): a) SCLC b) Mesothelioma c) Adenocarcinoma d) Pheochromocytoma

Answer 231

a) SCLC (and Carcinoid Syndrome) | d) Pheochromocytoma

Question 232

Prussian blue staining proves : a) acute liver congestion b) chronic liver congestion c) acute lung congestion d) chronic lung congestion

Answer 232

chronic lung congestion

Question 233

HPV infections affects tissue types? (choose 2) a) Uterine cervical tissue b) Renal Tissue c) Laryngeal tissue d) Brain tissue

Answer 233

a) Uterine cervical tissue | c) Laryngeal tissue

Question 234

The Ziehl-Neelsen staining is based on Immunohistochemical reaction. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 234

FALSE | Carbol-Fuchsin binding Mycolic Acid in M.Tuberculosis

Question 235

Select the correct order of cancer incident: a) men: lung>pancreas>colorectal>prostate b) women: lung>uterus>colorectal>breast c) men: prostate>lung>colorectal>pancreas d) women: breast>lung>colorectal>uterus

Answer 235

Select the correct order of cancer incident: c) men: prostate>lung>colorectal>pancreas d) women: breast>lung>colorectal>uterus

Question 236

Which organ can undergo diffuse hemorrhagic necrosis affecting the whole organ? a. Large bowel. b. Spleen. c. Testicle. d. Brain. e. Lung.

Answer 236

Testicle

Question 237

What is false for cardiac thrombus? a) may have originated from systemic embolism b) may occur superimposed on endocardial injury c) may occur in dilated atrium d) may be formed in ventricular aneurysm

Answer 237

Cardiac thrombi may NOT have originated from systemic embolism! (Opposite)

Question 238

Heart defects predispose to endocarditis (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 238

TRUE | S. Viridans (low virulence) can effect only weaken valves

Question 239

All are changes in a mitral valve insufficiency EXCEPT : a. )Dilation of the right atrium b. )Dilation of the right ventricle c. )Dilation of the left ventricle d. )Slight atrophy of the right ventricle e. )Sclerosis of the pulmonary artery

Answer 239

Slight Atrophy of the Right Ventricle

Question 240

Intrauterine transmission of the infections occurs in: a. Rubella b. Rabies c. Syphilis d. HPV infection

Answer 240

a. Rubella | c. Syphilis

Question 241

Rasmussen aneurysm: a) pseudo-aneurysmal dilatation of a pulmonary artery adjacent to a tuberculous cavity b) Right Ventricular Aneurysm due to Fungi Infection c) Circle of Willis Aneurysm due to Infarction d) All of them

Answer 241

a) pseudo-aneurysmal dilatation of a pulmonary artery adjacent to a tuberculous cavity

Question 242

Lipofuscin is accumulating in the Heart and Brain cells during Ageing (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 242

TRUE

Question 243

Heart diseases often leading to hydrothorax (2)? a. )Chronic pericarditis b. )Dilative cardiomyopathy c. )Atrial appendage thrombosis d. )Core pulmonlae chronicus

Answer 243

Dilative Cardiomyopathy (Decreased CO -> venous congestion –> pleural vein congestion) + Core Pulmonlae Chronicus

Question 244

The most common gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors originate from Appendix and from the ileum. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 244

TRUE | "Carcinoid tumors of the midgut (jejunum, ileum, appendix, and cecum), Carcinoid are Neuroendocrine Tumors." - Wiki

Question 245

the most typical cause of venous thrombosis is: a) Paraneoplastic syndrome b) Endothelial Injury c) Congestion d) Hypertension e) Vascular Stasis

Answer 245

Vascular Stasis

Question 246

In connatal (Congenital) toxoplasmosis a Characteristic is: a) Hydrocephalus and ventricular calcification b) purulent meningitis c) intra-alveolar pneumonia d) overweight at birth

Answer 246

a)Hydrocephalus and ventricular calcification

Question 247

Left Dilated Cardiomyopathy is: ( 2 correct ) a. )associated with decreasing contractility and atrophy b. )associated with decreasing contractility and optional hypertrophy c. )due to a X-linked dystrophin mutation d. )associated with tricuspid valve regurgitation

Answer 247

associated with decreasing contractility and optional hypertrophy and due to a X-linked dystrophin mutation (Some sources mention Titin Instead)

Question 248

In Allergic rhinitis there is an eosinophilic infiltration. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 248

TRUE

Question 249

High mitotic count is an irrevocable sign of malignancy.(TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 249

FALSE High mitotic count is an irrevocable sign of malignancy. -Indicative of High LIKELIHOOD ONLY.

Question 250

What causes cervical cancer? a) HPV 16 and 18 b) HPV 6 and 11 c) All HPV d) Only EBV causes

Answer 250

a) HPV 16 and 18

Question 251

``` Which organ is affected by tumor embolism of renal carcinoma? A. lung B. brain C. contralateral kidney D. liver ```

Answer 251

A. lung

Question 252

Most common laryngeal cancers are supraglottic .(TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 252

FALSE "Most laryngeal cancers originate in the glottis. Supraglottic cancers are less common, and subglottic tumours are least frequent." -wiki

Question 253

Fatty degeneration of the heart causes heart failure (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 253

FALSE

Question 254

List at least 2 organs in which hemorrhagic infarction may occur and explain the pathomechanism of the source of blood supply:

Answer 254

a. Occurs in venous obstructions, e.g. ovaries with ovarian torsion. b. Loose tissues where blood can collect in infarcted zones e.g. lungs.

Question 255

Smoking causes 75% of lung cancer cases (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 255

FALSE | 90% !

Question 256

Possible causes of myocarditis: a. )Viral, bacterial, protozoal infection b. )Irradiation and heavy metal poisoning c. )Sarcoidosis and post streptococcal Rheumatic fever d. )All of them

Answer 256

All of them: - Viral, bacterial, protozoal infection - Irradiation and heavy metal poisoning - Sarcoidosis and post streptococcal Rheumatic fever

Question 257

Chemical Carcinogens: a) Can be activated in hepatocytes by different polymorphism of p450 cytochrome dependent monocytogenases b) Can be activated in the liver by means of glycolytic processing c) Can be directly toxic to the organ d) sufficient to cause neoplasia by themselves

Answer 257

Chemical Carcinogens: a)Can be activated in hepatocytes by different polymorphism of p450 cytochrome dependent monocytogenases c)Can be directly toxic to the organ

Question 258

What is the Histological Hallmark for Identifying the Langhans Giant cell? a. Pink Hyaline along vessel wall b. Horseshoe-shaped nuclei arrangement in membrane c. Eosinophilia of cell wall d. Crowded nuclei in a minimal membrane confinement

Answer 258

Horseshoe-shaped nuclei lined in one membrane

Question 259

Which cardiovascular changes are present in marfan syndrome? (3) a) Cystic medial necrosis b) Dissecting Aneurysm c) Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis d) Mitral Valve Prolapse

Answer 259

a) Cystic medial necrosis b) Dissecting Aneurysm d) Mitral Valve Prolapse

Question 260

What is the most common pathology of the Circle of Willis? a) Aneurysm b) Stasis c) Thromboembolism d) Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 260

a)Aneurysm

Question 261

Lipophagic giant cell: a) Lipoblast b) Foreign body giant cell c) Langerhans giant cell d) Touton giant cell

Answer 261

Touton giant cell

Question 262

Which tumors give metastasis via the baston veins (valveless veins)? a) breast cancer b) prostate cancer c) thyroid cancer d) liver cancer

Answer 262

Which tumors give metastasis via the baston veins (valveless veins)? b) prostate cancer a) breast cancer

Question 263

Possible causes of Aortic Dissection: a. Air Embolism b. Coarctation c. Cystic Medial Degeneration d. Aneurysm

Answer 263

Cystic Medial Degeneration and Aneurysm

Question 264

Fanconi Anemia: a) BRCA1 leading to multiple breast cancers b) mutation of enzymes that recognize DNA damage leading to bone marrow failure c) associated with peau d'orange and edema of the upper extremities d) associated with acute myeloid leukemia

Answer 264

Fanconi Anemia: (b) mutation of enzymes that recognize DNA damage leading to bone marrow failure and (d) associated with acute myeloid leukemia

Question 265

2 Hallmarks of Irreversible lesions of the cell: a) Loss of Nucleus b) Vacuolation of the cytoplasm c) Swelling d) plasma membrane disintegrity

Answer 265

Plasma membrane disintegrity and Loss of Nucleus

Question 266

Which of the following causes secondary amyloidosis? a) Chronic osteomyelitis b) TB c) Condyloma Acuminata d) S. Pneumonia Infection

Answer 266

a)Chronic osteomyelitis b)TB (Chronic Inflammation / Malignancy are usual causes)

Question 267

Which microscopic feature is characteristic for ARDS: a) Hyaline Membrane b) Necrosis c) Intra Alveolar Mucin d) Granuloma

Answer 267

Hyaline Membrane

Question 268

Endocarditis luetica ( 2 correct): a. )associated wth aortic degeneration b. )associated wth AIDS c. )associated wth syphilis d. )associated wth SLE

Answer 268

Endocarditis luetica is associated with syphilis and Aortic Degeneration

Question 269

Congestive Heart Failure(2 Correct) : a. )Imbalance between cardiac perfusion and myocardial O2 demand leading to myocardial ischemic injury b. )Heart is unable to maintain a CO sufficient to meet metabolic demands of the myocardium which results in ischemic myocardial injury c. )Heart is unable to maintain a CO sufficient to meet metabolic demands of downstream tissue which results in systemic hypoperfusion d. )Is the common endpoint of most cardiac diseases

Answer 269

CHF: Heart is unable to maintain a CO sufficient to meet metabolic demands of downstream tissue which results in systemic hypoperfusion and it's the common endpoint of most cardiac diseases

Question 270

Cancer metastasis occur in cardiac and skeletal muscle cells because of their rich vascularization frequently. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 270

FALSE | Very rarely

Question 271

Characteristic of granulomatous inflammation? a) accumulation of lymphocytes b) accumulation of erythrocytes c) accumulation of monocytes d) accumulation of epithelioid cells

Answer 271

accumulation of epithelioid cells

Question 272

How big is a tumor when angiogenesis starts? a) 0,1mm b) 1mm c) 5mm d) 1cm

Answer 272

b)1mm

Question 273

Characteristic for Polyarteritis Nodosa EXCEPT : a. )Affects small to medium sized vessels b. )Most frequently in middle age c. )Affects lungs d. )Acute necrotic arteriolitis affecting all vessel wall layers

Answer 273

Lungs are always spared when it comes to Polyarteritis Nodosa (C is the right answer)

Question 274

A 40 year old man comes to the hospital with vomiting, fever etc. During his last hospitalization he was diagnosed with pancreatitis. What does that show? a) Liquefactive necrosis b) enzymatic necrosis c) coagulative necrosis d) Fibrinoid Necrosis

Answer 274

a) Liquefactive necrosis | b) enzymatic necrosis (Fat)

Question 275

Pathological Process in which giant cells occur: a) Giant cell granuloma b) influenza infection c) hyaline degeneration d) Sarcoidosis

Answer 275

a) Giant cell granuloma | d) Sarcoidosis

Question 276

Possible complication of burgers disease: a. )Raynaud phenomenon b. )frank gangrene c. )diffuse pain at rest due to neuronal involvement d. )all of them

Answer 276

Raynaud phenomenon Frank gangrene Diffuse pain at rest due to neuronal involvement

Question 277

Histological appearance of polyarteritis nodosa (2) : a. )In elastic arteries b. )Fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries c. )In muscular arteries d. )In large arteries

Answer 277

Fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries and visible in muscular arteries

Question 278

The most important cause of reflux esophagitis is an infection of Helicobacter pylori. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 278

FALSE | "reported in 2004, found no clinically significant difference between these" -Wiki

Question 279

Typical locations of lung metastases? a) Thyroid b) Bone c) Brain d) Kidney

Answer 279

b)Bone c)Brain "Primary lung cancers also most commonly metastasize to the brain, bones, liver, and adrenal glands." - wiki

Question 280

Two Sterile endocarditis: a. )endocarditis lenta b. )liebmann sacks endocarditis c. )marandtic endocarditis d. )endocarditis ulcerate

Answer 280

Liebmann sacks endocarditis and Marandtic endocarditis

Question 281

Which is a facultative precancerous state? a) stratified squamous metaplasia in cervix b) stratified squamous metaplasia in prostate c) stratified squamous metaplasia in bronchi d) apocrine metaplasia in the breast

Answer 281

stratified squamous metaplasia in cervix - Facultative Precancerous state

Question 282

Fibrinous inflammation (2correct) a) can lead to scar formation b) can occur on serosal surfaces c) occurs in lobar pneumonia d) is exudative

Answer 282

b) can occur on serosal surfaces d) is exudative (A and C are also correct but the question asks only for 2 answers)

Question 283

Is EBV a cause of Burkitt lymphoma? | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 283

TRUE

Question 284

When will you have hemoptysis? a) Goodpasture syndrome b) Bronchitis c) Bronchiectasis d) Emphysema

Answer 284

a) Goodpasture syndrome | c) Bronchiectasis

Question 285

Left Lung Hypertrophy causes Hyperemia of Organs (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 285

FALSE

Question 286

Nevus (birthmarks) is a malignant counterpart of the melanoma. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 286

FALSE - *Benign counterpart!* | Nevus (birthmarks) is a malignant counterpart of the melanoma.

Question 287

Congestive cardiomyopathy can cause mural thrombi and cylindrical spindle (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 287

TRUE

Question 288

cancer characteristics: a) aplasia b) desmoplasia c) anaplasia d) hypoplasia

Answer 288

cancer characteristics: b) desmoplasia c) anaplasia

Question 289

Match (Not all are needed): a. )Syphilis aneurysm b. )Berry Aneurysm c. )ATH in abdominal aorta d. )dissection of aortic aneurysm 1) Arteritis of vasa vasorum 2) Hemorrhage in subarachnoid 3) Fusiform abdominal aneurysm 4) Marfan syndrome 5) Congenital Syndrome

Answer 289

a) Syphilis Aneurysm - 1) Artritis of vasa vasorum b. )Berry Aneurysm - 2) Hemorrhage in subarachnoid c. )ATH in abdominal aorta -3) Fusiform abdominal aneu. d. )Dissection of aortic aneurysm - 4) Marfan syndrome b. )Berry Aneurysm - 5)Congenital Syndrome

Question 290

2 facts that are true for Schottmüller triad: a. )Applies to rheumatic fever b. )Applies to infective endocarditis c. )Endocarditis ulcerosa , splenic infarction, embolic focal nephritis d. )Endocarditis lenta , splenic ischemia , embolic focal nephritis

Answer 290

Schottmüller triad: Endocarditis ulcerosa (Murmur), splenic infarction (Splenomegaly), embolic focal nephritis (Hematuria) - applies to infective endocarditis.

Question 291

Medulloblastoma (Cerebellar) is associated with genetic alteration - MYC amplification. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 291

TRUE

Question 292

What are the best sites for collecting Systemic Amyloidosis sample (2)? a. Abdominal Fat b. Space of disse c. Rectal Mucosa d. Pericardium

Answer 292

Abdominal Fat and Rectal Mucosa

Question 293

Causes of atelectasis, EXCEPT: a) Emphysema b) Contraction c) Compression d) Bronchial Obstruction

Answer 293

a)Emphysema

Question 294

The most common mammary carcinoma is the so called invasive ductal carcinoma: (FALSE/TRUE)

Answer 294

TRUE | The most common mammary carcinoma is the so called invasive ductal carcinoma.

Question 295

``` Causes of aortic stenosis (2 good answers) A. calcification B. hemochromatosis C. Rheumatic endocarditis D. amyloidosis ```

Answer 295

A. calcification | C. Rheumatic endocarditis

Question 296

``` Which procedure is NOT followed by regeneration? A. stomach ulcer B. osteomyelitis C. Acute tubular necrosis D. liver abscess E. cerebral infarction ```

Answer 296

Cerebral infarction

Question 297

Where is the pronounced Virchow's lymph node? a) mediastinum b) infraclavicular c) in the right side of the neck d) left ventricular space

Answer 297

Where is the pronounced Virchow's lymph node? Left ventricular space - should be the left supraclavicular node but i guess this is what they want (Troisier's sign - For Gastric Cancers metastasis)

Question 298

What is the most common solid tumor in children? a) Brain b) Heart c) Liver d) Spleen

Answer 298

a)Brain ("The most common types of solid tumors in children include brain tumors, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and osteosarcoma")

Question 299

What leads to an acute myocardial infarction (2 correct)? a. )Abdominal aortic aneurysm b. )Coronary thrombosis c. )Severe anemia d. )Temporal arteritis

Answer 299

Coronary thrombosis or Severe anemia could lead to Acute MI

Question 300

Kaposi Sarcoma only in association with HIV. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 300

FALSE - *Mostly with HHV as well as HIV* | Kaposi Sarcoma only in association with HIV.

Question 301

Which of the following diseases can cause secondary amyloidosis (2)? a) Emphysema b) Chronic Osteomyelitis c) Tuberculosis d) Osteoporosis

Answer 301

Chronic Osteomyelitis and Tuberculosis

Question 302

Metastasis suppressor gene: a) MYC b) KIT c) NM23 d) ABL

Answer 302

c)NM23 | Still in theory not proven yet according to wiki

Question 303

Which state predisposes the LEAST frequently for a diffuse purulent Peritonitis? A. torsion of ovarian cyst B. Acute perforated appendicitis C. Direct thrombosis of mesenteric artery D. lymphadenitis

Answer 303

D. lymphadenitis

Question 304

Which special condition causes Hemorrhagic infarction ? a. )Haemophilia b. )Coronary intervention performed 12h after onset of MI c. )Thrombophilia d. )Shock

Answer 304

Coronary intervention performed 12h after onset of MI

Question 305

Which alteration is characteristic for marfan syndrome? a) Saccular aneurysm of the aorta b) Cystic medial necrosis c) Aortic stenosis d) Aneurisma sacciforme aortae e) Thromboangiitis obliterans

Answer 305

b)Cystic medial necrosis

Question 306

Cellular atypia characteristic EXCEPT : a) hyperchromatic b) high nucleus/cytoplasm ratio c) polymorphism d) vacuolated cytoplasm

Answer 306

Vacuolated Cytoplasm is NOT characteristic of Cellular Atypia

Question 307

Which of the following diseases cause blindness? a) Takayasu Arteritis b) diabetic microangiopathy c) Giant cell Arteritis d) Polyarteritis Nodosa

Answer 307

a) Takayasu Arteritis b) diabetic microangiopathy c) Giant cell Arteritis

Question 308

Bloom syndrome: a) mutation of the DNA helicase involved in DNA repair resulting in homologous transversion b) mutation of the chromosome integrity in homologous inversion c) associated with cafe au lait pigmentation and telangiectasia d) associated with bone marrow failure and leukemia

Answer 308

Bloom syndrome: a) mutation of the DNA helicase involved in DNA repair resulting in homologous transversion and c) associated with cafe au lait pigmentation and telangiectasia

Question 309

Which of the following alterations are characterised by purulent exudate (2) ? a) Pulmonary Caverna b) Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis c) Thoracic Empyema d) Pyonephrosis

Answer 309

Thoracic Empyema and Pyonephrosis

Question 310

Causes of aortic stenosis: ( 2 correct ) a. )Calcification b. )Hemochromatosis c. )Rheumatic endocarditis d. )Amyloidosis

Answer 310

Rheumatic endocarditis and Calcification

Question 311

Pyknotic cells stain weak with HE because their DNA content is reduced due to enzymatic degradation. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 311

FALSE Pyknosis is followed by increased basophilia; increased hematoxylin staining, due to the condensation of nuclear content.

Question 312

Which lesion can be a consequence of BOTH arterial and venous circulation disorder? a. Hemorrhagic infarction. b. Transudate c. Anemic infarction d. Congestion

Answer 312

Hemorrhagic infarction

Question 313

Cardiac Raynaud phenomenon: a. )Stenotic event that always leads to myocardial infarction b. )Caused by hyperactivity of medial smooth muscle in the coronary arteries c. )Caused by mechanical vessel wall damage d. )Results in coronary vasospasm that may lead to myocardial infarction when prolonged

Answer 313

Caused by hyperactivity of medial smooth muscle in the coronary arteries and Results in coronary vasospasm that may lead to myocardial infarction when prolonged

Question 314

Which vasculitis is also called the pulseless disease? a. )Giant cell arteritis because its granulomas limit blood flow b. )Polyarteritis nodosa because renal involvement decreases blood pressure c. )Kawasaki diseases bc aneurysm formation decreases blood flow d. )Takayasu arteritis weakens the pulse of the upper extremities

Answer 314

Takayasu arteritis weakens the pulse of the upper extremities

Question 315

What is NOT cause of cor pulmonale? a) Tricuspid valve stenosis b) Bronchial infection c) Lung fibrosis d) Emphysema e) Pneumonia

Answer 315

a)Tricuspid valve stenosis

Question 316

Characteristic for polyarteritis nodosa ( 2 correct): a. )Granuloma formation b. )ANCA antibodies and ADCC ( antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity) c. )Mainly affects vessels of : Kidney, Heart ,Liver and GI d. )Rapid hypertension due to renal a. involvement

Answer 316

(c) Mainly affects vessels of : Kidney, Heart ,Liver and GI + (d) Rapid hypertension due to renal a. involvement

Question 317

Transudate occurs between the layers of the pleura? TRUE/FALSE

Answer 317

TRUE

Question 318

Chromosomal Aberrations rarely lead to intrauterine exitus. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 318

FALSE

Question 319

Candida is a member of Normal Flora (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 319

TRUE

Question 320

Where can regeneration occur after shock ? a) Heart b) Lung c) Kidney d) Liver

Answer 320

c)Kidney

Question 321

Due to a myocardial infarction the following micro- and macroscopic changes can be seen until post-infarction day 20 EXCEPT : a. )Coagulation necrosis b. )Hemorrhagic edges c. )Pearl like pale scar tissue d. )Capillary granulation tissue

Answer 321

Pearl like pale scar tissue - Appears only month(/s) later

Question 322

All are correct for Coagulative Necrosis EXCEPT : a) Frequently in the brain b) Precipitation of proteins in the necrotic tissue c) Is seen in the spleen d) Is seen in lung infarction

Answer 322

coagulative necrosis DOESN'T happen Frequently in the brain

Question 323

Best prognosis for which type of lung cancer? a) Small cell Carcinoma b) Carcinoid Tumors c) Large cell Carcinoma d) Squamous cell Carcinoma

Answer 323

b) Carcinoid Tumors

Question 324

What is the cause of yellow demarcation zone surrounding acute myocardial infarctions ? a. )Granulocytic iinfiltration b. )Fatty degeneration c. )Accumulation of glycogen d. )Accumulation of lipofuchsin

Answer 324

Granulocytic Infiltration

Question 325

In which case do we see heart failure cells? a) Pneumonia b) Emphysema c) Lung Congestion d) Right Ventricular Failure

Answer 325

c)Lung Congestion | Left Ventricular Failure

Question 326

Which mutations are associated with gene amplification in tumors: a) N-MYC b) ERBB2 c) AKT2 d) all of them

Answer 326

all of them: a) N-MYC b) ERBB2 (HER2) c) AKT2

Question 327

The most common cause of myocardial infarction is embolism of the coronary arteries (True/False)

Answer 327

FALSE

Question 328

What is recognised by Congo Red staining? (choose 1) a) Heart Failure cells b) Hemosiderin Laden Macrophages c) Amyloidosis d) EDGF receptors of Tumors

Answer 328

c)Amyloidosis

Question 329

Most tumor cells originate from clonal expansion of the same progenitor cells. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 329

TRUE (Monoclonality of Cancer) | Most tumor cells originate from clonal expansion of the same progenitor cells.

Question 330

Prinzmetal Angina is a consequence of brain spasms(TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 330

FALSE | Prinzmetal Angina is a consequence of Coronary artery spasms

Question 331

Via which way does sarcoma spread? a) Lymphatic vessels b) Blood vessels c) Connective Tissue d) Pleural/Peritoneal lining

Answer 331

b)Blood vessels

Question 332

Where do we find MALT neoplasms? (2) a) Thyroid b) Spleen c) Stomach d) Cecum

Answer 332

a) Thyroid c) Stomach d) Cecum

Question 333

Can occur on basis of scar formation after myocardial infarction : a. )Narrowing of ventricles b. )Right to left shunt c. )Aneurysm d. )Rapture of Myocardium

Answer 333

Aneurysm "The size and location of the scar puts a person at risk of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) or heart block, aneurysm of the heart ventricles, inflammation of the heart wall following infarction..." - Wiki

Question 334

squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the alveoli (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 334

FALSE (Bronchial Tree)

Question 335

Possible causes of bone marrow insufficiency: a) Disseminated prostate cancer b) aplastic anemia c) acute myeloid leukemia d) radiation

Answer 335

a) Disseminated prostate cancer b) aplastic anemia c) acute myeloid leukemia d) radiation

Question 336

True for Metaplasia: a) During regenerations the differentiation pathways are altered b) Cancer risk elevates c) Dedifferentiation of cells d) Irreversible alteration of cells

Answer 336

a) During regenerations the differentiation pathways are altered. USMLE First AID: "Reprogramming of stem cells: replacement of one cell type by another that can adapt to a new stress."

Question 337

Myocardial infarction is an ischemic coagulative necrosis | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 337

TRUE

Question 338

Grading is the estimation of the malignancy based on the histological and cytological findings (differentiation). (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 338

TRUE | Grading is the estimation of the malignancy based on the histological and cytological findings (differentiation).

Question 339

Fatty Infiltration destroys the Adjacent tissue (FALSE/TRUE)

Answer 339

TRUE

Question 340

``` What disease is not present in the small intestine? A. Whipple disease B. Dysentery C. tuberculosis D. Crohn's disease E. Abdominal typhus ```

Answer 340

B. Dysentery

Question 341

Most Common complication of Gastric Ulcer: a) Perforation b) Bleeding c) Malignant Transformation d) Penetration

Answer 341

Bleeding

Question 342

what is the dominant component of pus ? a) Neutrophils b) Mast cells c) Basophils d) Eosinophils

Answer 342

Neutrophils

Question 343

Malignancy always includes metastasis. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 343

FALSE Malignancy always includes metastasis. -Basal cell carcinoma and Cystic Ovarian tumors are malignant but do not metastasize.

Question 344

Which method increases the chance of detecting a known gene, which is present in low copy number in the examined sample? a) PCR b) Microscopy c) Slide Agglutination d) Hypersensitivity skin test

Answer 344

a)PCR

Question 345

Complication of chronic cardiac aneurysm a. )Mural thrombosis and Embolization b. )Left ventricular hypertrophy c. )Papillary muscle rupture d. )Mitral insufficiency

Answer 345

Mural thrombosis and Embolization

Question 346

Most common cause of thrombus formation in the left heart : a) Ventricular Fibrillation b) Aneurysm c) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy d) Mitral Endocarditis

Answer 346

b)Aneurysm

Question 347

Indicates possible malignancy, except: a) Karyopyknosis b) large eosinophilic nuclei c) cellular atypia d) many mitotic figures

Answer 347

Indicates possible malignancy, except: Karyopyknosis | -Sign for Necrotic nuclear degeneration

Question 348

Which mutation is involved in the Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (Multiple Cancers): a) RB gene b) APC c) MSH 2 + 6, MLH d) p53

Answer 348

Which mutation is involved in the Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (Multiple Cancers): d) P53

Question 349

Which ending is NOT correct - thrombus formation in the left heart is possible due to : a) Atrial fibrillation b) Mitral valve stenosis c) Myocardial infarction d) Restrictive myocardiopathy

Answer 349

Restrictive myocardiopathy

Question 350

Match the pairs: a. Thromboembolism b. Air embolism c. Amniotic fluid embolism d. Fat embolism e. DIC i. Typically leads to consumption coagulopathy. ii. Usually iatrogenic (means due to a drug). iii. Is a short term complication of bone fracture. iv. Saddle embolus in the pulmonary trunk v. The most common form of embolism

Answer 350

``` Thromboembolism -Saddle embolus in the pulmonary trunk, most common form Air embolism - NONE Amniotic fluid embolism - NONE Fat embolism - bone fracture DIC - Consumption coagulopathy. ```

Question 351

Macroscopic appearance of an ischemic heart disease EXCEPT : a. )Cor pulmonale b. )Chronic ishemic heart disease c. )Angina pectoris d. )Heart infarct e. )Sudden cardiac death

Answer 351

Cor pulmonale - Related to Pulmonary Hypertension

Question 352

Wilms tumor is one of the most frequent childhood tumors. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 352

TRUE- 5%. Wilms tumor is one of the most frequent childhood tumors. (With ALL+AML -30%) ,Lymphoma and CNS Tumors -26%)

Question 353

During the healing process of an epidermal lesion a granulation tissue is formed (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 353

TRUE

Question 354

Most common cause of sudden cardiac death: a) Coronary Sclerosis b) Dilatative Cardiomyopathy c) WPW Syndrome d) Endocarditis

Answer 354

a)Coronary Sclerosis

Question 355

``` Which of the following states NOT predisposed to thrombosis? A. varicosity B. operation C. anemia D. slowing of blood flow E. polycythemia ```

Answer 355

anemia

Question 356

Neuroendocrine secretions from lung tumor? a) Small cell and Carcinoid b) Squamous cell carcinoma c) Adenocarcinoma d) Metastatic tumor

Answer 356

Neuroendocrine secretions from lung tumors: a) Small cell and Carcinoid - ACTH/ADH b) Squamous cell carcinoma - PrPTH Cytokines

Question 357

Thrombosis in the Superior Mesenteric Artery is likely to cause Hemorrhagic Infarction of the Small Intestines (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 357

TRUE

Question 358

Characteristics of early stages of primary sterile wound healing EXCEPT (2): a. Macrophages b. Many Collagen Fibers c. Capillary Beds d. Fibroblasts

Answer 358

b. Many collagen fibers (Peaks around 5th day- Robbins p71) | c. Capillary Beds (takes 3-5 days, if only one answer choose b)

Question 359

Most common cardiac congenital malformation is pulmonary stenosis (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 359

FALSE | VSDs

Question 360

Which two processes could have Physiological roles: a) Dysplasia b) Necrosis c) Atrophy d) Apoptosis

Answer 360

Atrophy and Apoptosis

Question 361

What is characteristic for progressing myocardial infarction? (choose 1) a) Simultaneous fibrosis and necrosis b) Uneven neutrophil infiltration c) Pulmonary Embolism d) Pericarditis

Answer 361

a)Simultaneous fibrosis and necrosis

Question 362

What is Agenesis? a. Maldevelopment of an organ. b. Decrease in size of an organ. c. Absence of an organ. d. Dedifferentiation of a tumor.

Answer 362

Absence of an organ.

Question 363

In cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is often because the viscous Mucus clogs up the bronchial tubes. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 363

TRUE

Question 364

Where can cancer related to asbestos develop?(2) a) lungs b) mesothelioma c) GI tract d) cervical cancer

Answer 364

a) lungs | b) mesothelioma (Pleura)

Question 365

Esophageal cancer has a good prognosis. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 365

FALSE "The overall 5-year survival rate in patients amenable to definitive treatment ranges from 5% to 30%" -https://www.cancer.gov › types › esophageal › esophageal-treatment-pdq

Question 366

Characteristic for Infectious vasculitis (2 Correct) a. )Caused by viral infections b. )Caused by direct invasion of vessel wall by bacteria and fungi c. )Can lead to malignant hypertension d. )Can lead to Mycotic aneurysm

Answer 366

Caused by direct invasion of vessel wall by bacteria and fungi and can lead to Mycotic aneurysm

Question 367

Sentinel lymph node is always seen with malignancies. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 367

FALSE Sentinel lymph node is always seen with malignancies. -Can also be hematogenous metastasis

Question 368

Peptic ulcers are caused exclusively in the stomach. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 368

FALSE | "Peptic ulcers are four times more common in the proximal duodenum than in the stomach." - Robbins 9E Page 568

Question 369

What alleviates Ischemic Cardiac Diseases ? a) Left ventricular hypertrophy b) Tachycardia c) Anemia d) Bradycardia

Answer 369

Bradycardia (NG treatment)

Question 370

Characteristic of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease): (2) a) Segmental Vasculitis of the extremities b) Prevalence in young women c) Prevalence in young smoking men d) Fibrinoid Necrosis

Answer 370

a) Segmental Vasculitis of the extremities | c) Prevalence in young smoking men

Question 371

pyle-thrombus refers to? a) portal vein b) renal vein c) hepatic vein d) any vein

Answer 371

a)portal vein

Question 372

Liebman Sacks endocarditis is caused by bacteria (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 372

FALSE - SLE related

Question 373

When is myocardial wall rupture most characteristic after MI ? a. )Immediately b. )After several weeks c. )After 1 week

Answer 373

After 1 week

Question 374

Tissue Reaction associated with atherosclerosis, EXCEPT: a) Caseous Necrosis b) Liquefactive Necrosis c) Coagulative Necrosis d) Hemorrhagic Necrosis

Answer 374

a)Caseous Necrosis

Question 375

Leads to CHRONIC cor pulmonale : a. )Lobar Pneumonia b. )Thromboembolism of pulmonary veins c. )Pulmonary edema d. )Bronchopneumonia e. )Emphysema

Answer 375

Emphysema | Embolism in PV = ACUTE cor pulmonale if saddle embolus

Question 376

NOT TRUE for Hypertrophy: a) Occurs in the Heart b) Irreversible Alteration c) Size of the Cells increase d) Reversible Alteration

Answer 376

Hypertrophy NOT an Irreversible Alteration

Question 377

Can the Liver go through true anemic Infarction? (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 377

TRUE - Very rare because of Dual Blood supply - Robbins 9E page 93. Also Zahn Infarct (Intrahepatic) = Pseudo-Anemic Infarct - No Necrosis, only Atrophy.

Question 378

In situ carcinoma is a minimally invasive cancer. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 378

TRUE In situ carcinoma is a minimally invasive cancer. -Meaning absence of invasion to surrounding tissue

Question 379

can play a role in carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma: a) tetracyclines b) aflatoxin c) yellow phosphor d) halotan

Answer 379

can play a role in carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma: Aflatoxin (b - Acute hepatitis to cirrhosis and to carcinoma)

Question 380

The pneumonia caused by influenza virus is of fibrinous Inflammatory type. A. True B. False

Answer 380

B. False

Question 381

Penicillin can cause Myocarditis (FALSE/TRUE)

Answer 381

TRUE | Cases of Hypersensitivity

Question 382

Organisation of necrotic area in a Myocardial Infarction starts : a. )After 5 days b. )After 12 hrs c. )After 1 month d. )After 2 weeks

Answer 382

After 2 weeks

Question 383

Which statement is characteristic for cardiomyopathy ? a. )Is associated with an inflammatory infiltration b. )Heals within a short time c. )Is slowly progressing d. )Has no long term consequences e. )Leads to fast cardiac failure

Answer 383

Is slowly progressing

Question 384

Fine needle biopsy and core biopsy are used for immunohistochemistry (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 384

TRUE | but surgical specimens are more reliable

Question 385

Myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 385

TRUE

Question 386

Match (Not all are needed): a. )Rheumatic fever b. )Mitral valve prolapse c. )both d. )neither 1) Fusiform valve 2) Bacterial streptococcal infection 3) mostly in prosthetic valves

Answer 386

a. )Rheumatic fever - 1) Fusiform valve b. )Mitral valve prolapse - 3) Mostly in prosthetic valves c. )Both - 2) Bacterial Strep. Infection

Question 387

Most typical cause of arterial thrombosis: a) Polyarteritis nodosa b) Congestion c) Vasoconstriction d) Endothelial injury

Answer 387

Endothelial injury

Question 388

Pus in the Thoracic cavity is called: a) Hydrothorax b) Pneumothorax c) Pyothorax d) Chylothorax

Answer 388

Pyothorax

Question 389

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( 2 correct) : a. )The myocardium shows hypertrophy and dilation b. )The myocardium shows concentric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum c. )There is a right outflow tract obstruction due to septal enlargement d. )There is marked myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis

Answer 389

(b) The myocardium shows concentric Hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and (d) there is a marked Myocardial Hypertrophy and Interstitial Fibrosis.

Question 390

Possible complications of infectious mitral valve Endocarditis (2 ): a. )Pulmonary embolism b. )Brain abscess c. )Hemorrhagic spleen infarct d. )Mitral insufficiency

Answer 390

Brain abscess and Mitral insufficiency

Question 391

Patients with myocarditis mostly die from heart insufficiency (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 391

TRUE

Question 392

Most common Location of AMI: a) Septal b) Posterior c) Anterior d) Right Ventricle

Answer 392

c)Anterior | LAD= "Widowmaker"

Question 393

Saddle embolism causes hemorrhagic infarct in lung. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 393

TRUE

Question 394

Hemochromatosis DOES NOT include : a) Bronze Diabetes b) siderin laden macrophages in the sputum c) pigment cirrhosis d) myocardial siderosis e) siderine accumulation in endocrine organs

Answer 394

Hemochromatosis DOES NOT include :siderin laden macrophages in the sputum (b) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_overload)

Question 395

Most common cause of myocarditis in europe: a) Viruses b) Chlamydia c) Chagas Disease d) Enterococcus

Answer 395

a)Viruses | Coxsackievirus

Question 396

SLE possible cardiac complications: a) Endocarditis b) Atrial Septal Defect c) Pericarditis d) Ventricular Septal Defects

Answer 396

a) Endocarditis | c) Pericarditis

Question 397

What is the most common cause of aneurysm in the abdominal aorta? a) Abdominal aortitis b) Thrombosis c) Alcohol d) Smoking

Answer 397

a) Abdominal aortitis c) Alcohol d) Smoking https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_aortic_aneurysm#Causes

Question 398

Typical sign of left ventricular heart failure is edema in region of the ankles (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 398

FALSE

Question 399

Characteristic of Thromboangiitis obliterans ( Buerger's disease ) : (2 correct) a) Segmental Vasculitis b) Prevalence in young women c) Prevalence in young smoking men d) Fibrinoid Necrosis

Answer 399

Segmental Vasculitis and Prevalence in young smoking men

Question 400

All neoplasias contain DNA damage. | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 400

TRUE | All neoplasias contain DNA damage.

Question 401

Ventricular septal defects are the most frequent developmental defect (FALSE/TRUE)

Answer 401

TRUE | Most of those also spontaneously resolve

Question 402

Pathological process in which giant cells occur (2 correct) a) Giant cell granuloma b) Influenza infection c) Hyaline degeneration d) Sarcoidosis

Answer 402

Giant cell granuloma and Sarcoidosis

Question 403

Which Organ undergoes hemorrhagic Infarction affecting the whole organ? a) Lung b) Heart c) Ovary d) Brain

Answer 403

Ovary

Question 404

Ischemic Heart Disease (2) : a. )Imbalance between cardiac perfusion and myocardial O2 demand leading to myocardial ischemic injury b. )Common endpoint of many cardiac diseases c. )Commonly results from hematogenous diseases impairing coronary blood flow d. )Is unrelated to congestive heart failure

Answer 404

(c) Commonly results from hematogenous diseases impairing coronary blood flow that causes (a) Imbalance between cardiac perfusion and myocardial O2 demand leading to myocardial ischemic injury.

Question 405

Which of the following does NOT increase the chance for development of Thrombosis: a. Polycythemia b. Anemia c. Slow blood flow d. Surgery

Answer 405

Anemia does NOT increase the chance for development of Thrombosis

Question 406

Common in Right Ventricular Hypertrophy a. )Tetralogy of Fallot b. )Pulmonary Hypertension c. )Systemic Hypertension d. )Pulmonary Stenosis

Answer 406

a. )Tetralogy of Fallot b. )Pulmonary Hypertension d. )Pulmonary Stenosis

Question 407

A man with a Heart weighing 900g, left ventricular width of 13 cm and No valvular diseases history, What could be a fitting diagnosis (after lab testings): a) Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy b) Restrictive Cardiomyopathy c) Myxoma d) Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Answer 407

d)Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Question 408

Primary and Secondary (Metastatic) Lung Cancer are always differentiable by Histological manner. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 408

FALSE | Not always

Question 409

Correct for hepatocellular carcinoma: a) composed of alternating rows of hepatocytes and sinusoids b) oral contraceptive contributes to its initiation c) constitute the most frequent tumor of the liver d) Bile canaliculi within the tumor mass

Answer 409

Correct for hepatocellular carcinoma: | c) constitute the most frequent tumor of the liver

Question 410

Which cells cause primary contraction of wounds: a) SMCs b) Histiocytes c) Myofibroblasts d) Fibroblasts

Answer 410

Myofibroblasts

Question 411

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy leads to: a. )Increased contractility and cardiac output b. )Decreased contractility and cardiac output c. )Systolic dysfunction d. )Diastolic dysfunction

Answer 411

Diastolic dysfunction and Decreased contractility and cardiac output (Pathoma mentions Systolic dysfunction as well)

Question 412

Genetic Predisposition for Hypercoagulability: a. Leiden Mutation b. Atrial Fibrillation c. Antiphospholipid Syndrome d. Hemophilia A

Answer 412

``` Leiden Mutation (F-V) Predisposes for Hypercoagulability. Due to this mutation, Protein C, an anticoagulant protein which normally inhibits the pro-clotting activity of factor V, is not able to bind normally to Factor V. ```

Question 413

Lung Embolism might originate from: a) Brachiocephalic Trunk b) One of the pulmonary veins c) None of these d) Thrombus on the catheter of the vena jugularis

Answer 413

d)Thrombus on the catheter of the vena jugularis

Question 414

Löfflers Endomyocarditis (2 correct) : a. )associated with sarcoidosis b. )associated with cardiac fibrosis and thrombosis c. )associated with lymphocytic infiltration d. )associated with eosinophilic infiltration

Answer 414

associated with eosinophilic infiltration (pulmonary eosinophilia = löfflers sign!) and with cardiac fibrosis and thrombosis

Question 415

Tendency for mitral valve prolapse is genetically inherited (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 415

TRUE

Question 416

One of the most common complication of Myocardial Infarction is arrhythmia (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 416

TRUE

Question 417

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) : a. )normally closes in response to O2+ Increasing PGE2 and pulmo. resistance b. )normally closes in response to O2 + decreasing PGE2 and pulmonary resistance c. )is closed prematurely in hypoxic neonates d. )its closure is delayed or inhibited in hypoxic neonates

Answer 417

(b) Normally closes in response to O2 ,decreasing PGE2 (KEEps it open till surgery) and decreasing pulmonary resistance and (d) Its closure is delayed or inhibited in Hypoxic Neonates.

Question 418

What is the meaning of "N" in TNM? a) Expansion of the invasion b) lymph node metastasis c) necrosis d) neoplasia

Answer 418

What is the meaning of "N" in TNM? | b) lymph node metastasis

Question 419

Most circulating cancer cells will be destroyed by the immune system. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 419

TRUE | Most circulating cancer cells will be destroyed by the immune system.

Question 420

Which of the these viruses is NOT carcinogenic? a) EBV b) HBV c) HPV d) CMV

Answer 420

d) CMV

Question 421

Forms of Aortic Coarctation are : infantile , adult and intermediate (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 421

FALSE There's a infantile (before PDA), Adult (After PDA) BUT there is NO Intermediate! (Wiki mentions a DUCTAL Coarctation at the site of the closing PDA)

Question 422

Which of the these viruses is carcinogenic? a) EBV b) HBV c) HPV d) HTLV-1

Answer 422

All are carcinogenic Viruses! a) EBV b) HBV c) HPV d) HTLV-1

Question 423

Which Process can cause acute tubular necrosis? a) Infarct b) Congestion c) Shock d) Atrophy

Answer 423

Shock

Question 424

Which alteration does NOT belong to the Tetralogy of Fallot ? a. )Pulmonary stenosis b. )Overriding of aorta c. )Right heart hypertrophy d. )Ventricular Septal Defects e. )Left heart hypertrophy

Answer 424

Left heart hypertrophy is NOT belonging to the Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 425

A Hydatidiform mole is a malignant neoplasm of the placental epithelium. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 425

FALSE - It is Benign in 80% of cases | A Hydatidiform mole is a malignant neoplasm of the placental epithelium.

Question 426

NOT a result of Right Ventricular Failure: a. )Splenomegaly b. )Ascites c. )Pulmonary edema d. )Edema in leg e. )Nutmeg liver

Answer 426

Pulmonary edema

Question 427

Characteristic for congenital toxoplasmosis: a) bronchopneumonia b) meningomyelitis c) necrotic and sclerotic lesions in the brain d) jaundice

Answer 427

c)necrotic and sclerotic lesions in the brain

Question 428

What is Condyloma? a) EBV associated benign lesion of the external genitalia b) HPV associated benign lesion of the external genitalia c) HPV associated malignant lesion of the external genitalia d) HPV associated benign lesion of the internal genitalia

Answer 428

b) HPV associated benign lesion of the external genitalia

Question 429

leads to prolonged wound healing : a) deficiency of vitamin B12 b) deficiency of vitamin B c) deficiency of vitamin A d) deficiency of vitamin C

Answer 429

deficiency of vitamin C

Question 430

``` Microscopic Characteristics of irreversibly injured muscle in myocardial ischemia (2 good answers): A. nuclear enlargement B. karyolysis C. Fatty degeneration D. Eosinophilia the sarcoplasm ```

Answer 430

B. karyolysis | D. Eosinophilia the sarcoplasm

Question 431

Rheumatic endocarditis is a consequence of an infectious disease (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 431

TRUE -Since it is phrased as "consequence" it fits the description of a POST-STREPTOCOCCAL Disease (Protein M - Molecular Mimicry HSN Type 2)

Question 432

Leukoplakia in the oral cavity is a precancerous condition. A. True B. False

Answer 432

TRUE | "It is a precancerous lesion of mucosal surfaces, a tissue alteration in which cancer is more likely to develop." - Wiki

Question 433

What of the following are characteristic for Kidney Infarction (2 right answers)? a) Healed by Scar Tissue b) Coagulative Necrosis c) It develops in the Hilus d) Healed by a cyst

Answer 433

Healed by Scar Tissue and Coagulative Necrosis

Question 434

In case of a 3 vessel stenosis (high grade atherosclerosis in all 3 coronary arteries) typical change is : a. )Transmural posterior infarction b. )Transmural infarction c. )Subendocardial infarction d. )Circumferential infarction

Answer 434

Circumferential infarction: | Large combined front wall and posterior wall infarction

Question 435

In which organ metastasis rarely occur? a) Lung b) Brain c) Spleen d) Bone

Answer 435

In which organ metastasis rarely occur? | c)Spleen (also Sk. Muscle)

Question 436

Miliary TB is always a consequence of secondary TB | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 436

FALSE

Question 437

Low 1/3 rectal cancer gives most likely gives metastasis via: a) the vena porta b) the vena hepatica c) the vena cava d) the baston vein

Answer 437

Low 1/3 rectal cancer gives most likely gives metastasis via: c) the vena cava d) the baston vein (Prostate)

Question 438

The cytoplasm of Necrotic cell is more eosinophilic compared to normal one (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 438

TRUE

Question 439

A man is pulseless at the popliteal arteries , hypertensive in the upper extremities , has a history of stroke , suffers from pain during intense walking : a. )Coarctation of aorta b. )Ventricular septal defect (VSD) c. )Atrial septal defect (ASD) d. )Transposition of the great vessels

Answer 439

Coarctation of aorta

Question 440

Characteristic of the hemosiderin pigment (2 good answers): A. Suffusio leads to its light gold color B. It is tinged with Sudan Red C. It can occur systematically D. It is toxic to the macrophages

Answer 440

A. Suffusio leads to its light gold color | C. It can occur systematically

Question 441

Microscopic characteristics of irreversible injured cells ? (2 correct) a) Nuclear enlargement b) Karyolysis c) Fatty degeneration d) Eosinophilia of sarcoplasm

Answer 441

Karyolysis and Eosinophilia of sarcoplasm

Question 442

In cervical intraepithelial neoplasia + colon adenoma: a) Koilocytosis b) loss of polarity c) hyperchromasia d) microinvasion

Answer 442

In cervical intraepithelial neoplasia + colon adenoma: b) loss of polarity c) hyperchromasia

Question 443

Rheumatic Endocarditis is an example of an infective endocarditis (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 443

FALSE | POST streptococcal, M-Protein autoimmune

Question 444

Polyarteritis nodosa is mostly important due to risk of rupture and aneurysm (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 444

TRUE | Clinically it is the most important but there are other important issues

Question 445

Cardiac Malformations are frequent in down syndrome | TRUE/FALSE

Answer 445

TRUE

Question 446

Characteristic for Intermediate Atherosclerotic Plaque: a) Calcification b) Significant vascular stenosis d) It causes stable angina pectoris d) Intra- and Extracellular lipid pools within the intima

Answer 446

d)Intra- and Extracellular lipid pools within the intima

Question 447

2 Causes of Hydrothorax: a) Emphysema b) Right Ventricular Failure c) Left Ventricular Failure d) Ascites

Answer 447

c) Left Ventricular Failure d) Ascites https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothorax

Question 448

With HE Staining deposited calcium stones will appear: a) Black b) Amorphyl c) Basophilic d) Eosinophilic

Answer 448

c)Basophilic | Calcium, DNA, Bacteria and Fungi - all show Basophilic appearance

Question 449

Which factor is responsible for adaptation to Hypoxia? a) PDGFR b) EPO c) EGF d) VEGF e) HIF1A

Answer 449

e)HIF1A | If 2 answers - b)EPO also

Question 450

Complication of shock can be bleeding in : a) Kidney b) Lung c) Stomach d) Spleen e) Brain

Answer 450

c)Stomach e)Brain (Hemodynamic Disorder Lecture)

Question 451

NOT true for Fat embolism: a) Causes Anemia and Thrombocytopenia b) Causes respiratory failure and Neurological disorders c) Particles are detectable by H/E stain d) Presents after long bone fracture

Answer 451

c)Particles are detectable by H/E stain | FAT STAIN = SUDAN RED

Question 452

What is the consequence of the thrombosis of the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein? a) Budd-Chiari Syndrome b) Zahn Infarct c) Centrilobular Necrosis d) Pylethrombosis

Answer 452

b) Zahn Infarct | https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahn_infarct

Question 453

Pathologic Condition indicating Chronic Venous Congestion? (2) a) Nutmeg Liver b) Hydrocephalus c) Pulmonal Hepatisation d) Hydrothorax

Answer 453

a) Nutmeg Liver | d) Hydrothorax

Question 454

The cause of Secondary Lymphedema might be the developmental disorder of lymphatic vessels (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 454

FALSE | "Lymphedema may be inherited (primary) or caused by injury to the lymphatic vessels (secondary)" - wiki

Question 455

Which of these is valid for the lipofuscin (2) a) Cytotoxic Effect b) Yellow brown colour c) Exogenous Pigment d) Perinuclear Accumulation

Answer 455

b)Yellow brown colour d)Perinuclear Accumulation (Robbins 9E Page 24)

Question 456

List 3 circulatory disorders of the liver, as the following CAUSE + ALTERATION:

Answer 456

1) Zahn Infarct: Intrahepatic Pylethrombosis + Congestion with parenchymal atrophy, no Necrosis. 2)Extrahepatic Pylethrombosis: Portal Hypertension, Ascites, Bowel Infarction 3)Hepatic Vein Thrombosis (Bud-Chiarry): abdominal pain, ascites, and Hepatosplenomegaly. (Robbins 9E 646 )

Question 457

``` Staining for Glycogen: a)Sudan Red b)Hematoxylin Eosin c)PAS D)Congo red ```

Answer 457

c)PAS

Question 458

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria can lead to cancer. (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 458

TRUE

Question 459

NOT true for Antiphospholipid syndrome: a) Anticoagulative b) In Vitro coagulation c) Anionic Antibodies for Phospholipids d) All True

Answer 459

a)Anticoagulative

Question 460

Paraneoplastic Syndromes (2): a) Leser Trelat b) Tourssue c) Raynaud d) Rheumatic Fever

Answer 460

a) Leser Trelat b) Tourssue - First Aid 2019 page 229

Question 461

Dysphagia could be caused by (2) : a) Rheumatic Fever b) Scleroderma c) CML d) Guillain Barre

Answer 461

b) Scleroderma | d) Guillain Barre

Question 462

Scaring could be a process in (2) : a) Pleural Adhesions b) Brain Infarction c) Allergic reaction d) Kidney Infarction

Answer 462

a) Pleural Adhesions | d) Kidney Infarction

Question 463

Medulloblastoma related genes (2): a) N-MYC b) BRAF c) SHH d) K-RAS

Answer 463

a) N-MYC | c) SHH

Question 464

Metastatic Abscesses from(1): a) Lung inflammation in Cancer b) Infective Endocarditis c) Spleen Abscess d) Metastatic Carcinoma of the Larynx

Answer 464

b) Infective Endocarditis

Question 465

Brown Induration of Lung and Brown heart Atrophy are from same cause (TRUE/FALSE)

Answer 465

FALSE