Pathology - Rash

Question 1

the dermis is composed of which 2 types of collagen?

Answer 1

type 1

type 111

Question 2

name the pathological terms to describe the following:

1. increased thickness of keratin layer
2. persistence of nuclei in the keratin layer
3. increased thickness of epithelium

Answer 2

1. increased thickness of keratin layer - HYPERKERATOSIS
2. persistence of nuclei in the keratin layer - PARAKERATOSIS
3. increased thickness of epithelium - ACANTHOSIS

Question 3

irregular epithelial thickening is also known as ______________

Answer 3

irregular epithelial thickening is also known as PAPILLOMATOSIS

Question 4

oedema fluid between the squames increases the prominence of intercellular prickles describes what?

Answer 4

spongiosis

Question 5

how many classifications of reaction pattern are there?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

name the 4 main reaction patterns

Answer 6

1. spongiotic-intraepidermal oedema
2. psoriasiform-elongation of the rete ridges
3. Lichenoid-basal layer damage
4. vesiculobullous-blistering

Question 7

name a disease/condition the is classifies as spongiotic-intraepidermal oedema

Answer 7

eczema

Question 8

name a disease/condition the is classifies as psoriasiform-elongation of the rete ridges

Answer 8

psoriasis

Question 9

name a disease/condition the is classifies as Lichenoid-basal layer damage

Answer 9

lichen plants and lupus

Question 10

name a disease/condition the is classifies as vesiculobullous-blistering

Answer 10

pemphigoid, pemphigus and dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 11

psoriasis is associated with epidermal ___________ and specific ___ types

Answer 11

psoriasis is associated with epidermal HYPERPASIA and specific HLA types

Question 12

Lichen planus histology:

1. irregular ________ acanthosis
2. ______granulosis and ortho______________
3. upper dermal _________ infiltrate
4. basal damage with ______ ____ formation

Answer 12

Lichen planus histology:

1. irregular SAWTOOTH acanthosis
2. HYPERgranulosis and orthoHYPERKERATOSIS
3. upper dermal LYMPHOCYTE infiltrate
4. basal damage with CYTOID BODY formation

Question 13

_______ lupus resembles lichen planus

Answer 13

DISCOID lupus resembles lichen planus

Question 14

what is the primary feature in immunobullous diseases?

Answer 14

blisters

Question 15

name 3 important immunobullous disorders

Answer 15

1. pemphigus
2. bullous pemphigoid
3. dermatitis herpetiformis

Question 16

pemphigus has _ distinct subtypes but __% of cases is pemphigus ________

Answer 16

pemphigus has 4 distinct subtypes but 80% of cases is pemphigus VULGARIS

Question 17

pemphigus vulgaris is an __________ condition

Answer 17

pemphigus vulgaris is an AUTOIMMUNE condition

Question 18

what type of auto-antibody are made against desmoglein 3 in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 18

IgG

Question 19

what is the end result in pemphigus vulgaris?

Answer 19

acantholysis

Question 20

dermatitis herpetiformis is a ____ condition with a strong association with what disease?

Answer 20

dermatitis herpetiformis is a RARE condition with a strong association with COELIAC DISEASE

Question 21

dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with ___ haplotype, intensely _____ symmetrical lesions of the _____, ____ and _______

Answer 21

dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with HLA haplotype, intensely ITCHY symmetrical lesions of the ELBOW, KNEE and BUTTOCKS

Question 22

what is the hallmark of dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer 22

papillary dermal microabscesses

Question 23

what antibody is important in dermatitis herpetiformis?

Answer 23

IgA target gliadin generating neutrophil chemotaxis

Question 24

acne vulgaris:

1. _________ androgens at puberty
2. increased androgen ___________
3. pilosebaceous units become _______
4. keratin and sebum _____ up and ruptures causing _____ ___________

Answer 24

acne vulgaris:

1. INCREASED androgens at puberty
2. increased androgen SENSITIVITY
3. pilosebaceous units become PLUGGED
4. keratin and sebum BUILD up and ruptures causing ACUTE INFLAMMATION

Question 25

rosacea is more common in which sex?

Answer 25

female

Question 26

what is rosacea?

Answer 26

recurrent facial flushing - visible blood vessels and pustules and rhinophyma

Question 27

what triggers aggravate rosacea?

Answer 27

sunlight alcohol spicy foods stress

Question 28

rosacea sometimes responds to what?

Answer 28

tetracyclines

Question 29

rosacea hallmarks: ________ ectasia and pustules

Answer 29

rosacea hallmarks: VASCULAR ectasia and pustules

Question 30

rosacea pathology: perifollicular __________ and follicular ________ mites often noted

Answer 30

rosacea pathology: perifollicular GRANULOMAS and follicular DERMODEX mites often noted