Pectoral girdle and back

Question 1

What does the pectoral girdle consist of?

Answer 1

Clavicle, manubrium and scapula

Question 2

Which 5 muscles attach to the scapula and stabilise the pectoral girdle posteriorly?

Answer 2

Rhomboid major and minor
Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Serratus anterior

Question 3

What are the movements of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 3

1) Protraction/Retraction
2) Elevation/Depression
3) Upward/downward rotation (during abduction/adduction)

Question 4

What are the 4 origins of trapezius upper fibres?

Answer 4

• External occipital protuberance
• Superior nuchal line
• Ligamentum nuchae
• Spinous processes of C7

Question 5

Insertion: upper fibres of the trapezius?

Answer 5

Lat 1/3 of acromion process (clavicle)

Question 6

Function: trapezius upper fibres?

Answer 6

Elevate scapula

Question 7

Origin: middle fibres of trapezius?

Answer 7

T1-5 spinous processes

Question 8

Insertion: middle fibres of trapezius?

Answer 8

Lat 2/3 of sup border of spine of scapula

Question 9

Function: middle fibres of trapezius?

Answer 9

Retract scapula

Question 10

Origin: lower fibres of trapezius?

Answer 10

T6-12 spinous processes

Question 11

Insertion: lower fibres of trapezius?

Answer 11

Med 1/3 of spine of scapula

Question 12

Function: lower fibres of trapezius?

Answer 12

Depress scapula

Question 13

Function: whole trapezius muscle?

Answer 13

Rotate scapula (abduction above horizontal)

Question 14

Innervation: trapezius?

Answer 14

Accessory nerve (XI)

Question 15

Origin: latissimus dorsi?

Answer 15

Spinous processes of T7-L5
Iliac crest of sacrum
Thoracolumbar fascia
Inf angle of scapula
Ribs 9-12

Question 16

Insertion: latissimus dorsi?

Answer 16

Floor of intertubercular sulcus

Question 17

Innervation: latissimus dorsi?

Answer 17

Thoracodorsal nerve (long scapular) ; C6-8

Question 18

Function: latissimus dorsi?

Answer 18

Adduction, med rotation and extension of humerus

Question 19

What are the 3 deep dorsal muscles?

Answer 19

• Levator scapulae
• Rhomboid major
• Rhomboid minor

Question 20

Origin: levator scapulae?

Answer 20

C1-4 transverse processes

Question 21

Insertion: levator scapulae?

Answer 21

Med border of scapula, sup to spine

Question 22

Function: levator scapulae?

Answer 22

Elevates scapula & rotates med

Question 23

Innervation: levator scapulae?

Answer 23

Branches from dorsal scapular nerve (C5) and ant rami c3-4

Question 24

Origin: rhomboid major?

Answer 24

T2-5 spinous processes

Question 25

Insertion: rhomboid major?

Answer 25

Med border of scapula, inf to spine

Question 26

Origin: rhomboid minor?

Answer 26

C7-T1 spinous processes (and lower ligamentum nuchae)

Question 27

Insertion: rhomboid minor?

Answer 27

Med border of scapula, at level of spine

Question 28

Innervation: rhomboid major and minor?

Answer 28

Dorsal scapular nerve (C5) NB. goes to 3 deep dorsal muscles

Question 29

Function: rhomboid major and minor?

Answer 29

Elevates and retracts scapula (squaring the shoulders)

Question 30

Origin: serratus anterior?

Answer 30

Ribs 1-8 (lat surface)

Question 31

Insertion: serratus anterior?

Answer 31

Med border of scapula

Question 32

Innervation: serratus anterior?

Answer 32

Long thoracic nerve (C5-7)

Question 33

Function: serratus anterior?

Answer 33

- Protraction of scapula (with pec. minor) - Rotates scapula laterally - Holds scapula flat against thoracic wall

Question 34

What is a winged scapula?

Answer 34

Paralysis of serratus anterrior due to damage to long thoracic nerve. Med/inf of scapula pull away from thoracic wall.

Question 35

Causes of a winged scapula

Answer 35

- penetrating injuries (eg. knife wound, surgery) | - neuritis (nerve inflammation)

Question 36

What ribs does the scapula lie between?

Answer 36

2-7

Question 37

Which direction do the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula project?

Answer 37

Anteriorly (Acromion is more superior)

Question 38

What is the difference between the actions of the muscles that attach to the greater tuberosity and those that attach to the lesser tuberosity of humerus?

Answer 38

Greater tuberosity = lat rotators. | Lesser tuberosity = med rotators.

Question 39

Which muscle tendon crosses teres major and minor at right angles?

Answer 39

Long head of triceps brachii

Question 40

What are the 4 borders of the quadrangular space?

Answer 40

Superiorly - teres minor Inferiorly - teres major Medially - long head triceps brachii Laterally - humerus

Question 41

Which artery and nerve are in the quadrangular space?

Answer 41

Axillary nerve | Posterior circumflex artery and vein

Question 42

Contraction of which 3 muscles produces protraction of the scapula?`

Answer 42

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior

Question 43

Contraction of which 3 muscles produces retraction of the scapula

Answer 43

Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Mid fibres of trapzius

Question 44

Contraction of which 4 muscles leads to elevation of the scapula?

Answer 44

Upper fibres of trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor

Question 45

Contraction of which 3 muscles leads to depression of the scapula?

Answer 45

Lower fibres of trapezius Pectoralis minor Latissimus dorsi

Question 46

Which 4 muscles act in elevation of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 46

Trapezius Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor

Question 47

Which 5 muscles act in depression of the pectoral girdle, what also plays a role?

Answer 47

``` Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Latissimus dorsi Serratus anterior Inf fibres of trapezius ```

Question 48

Which 3 muscles act in protraction of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 48

Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Serratus anterior

Question 49

Which 4 muscles act in retraction of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 49

Rhomboid major Rhmboid minor Latissimus dorsi Mid fibres of trapezius

Question 50

Which 3 muscles act in upward (lateral) rotation of the pectoral girdle?

Answer 50

Sup fibres of trapezius Serratus anterior Inf fibres of trapezius

Question 51

Which 6 muscles act in downward (medial) rotation of the pectoral girdle, what also plays a role?

Answer 51

``` Levator scapulae Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Pectoralis major Pectoralis minor Latissimus dorsi ```