Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Uworld Step 2 > Pediatrics 7,9,10 > Flashcards

Pediatrics 7,9,10 Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What should be suspected in a baby with DiGeroge syndrome

A
  • low serum calcium levels

- get echocardiography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

CATCH for DiGeorge

A
  • Conotruncal cardiac defects
  • Abnormal facies
  • Thymic aplasia
  • Celft palate
  • Hypocalcemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, maneuvers that increase preload or afterload

A
  • squatting
  • leg raise
  • hand grip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Maneuvers that decrease LV cavity by decreasing preload

A
  • Valsalva
  • abrupt standing
  • amyl nitrite administration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

hypertophic cardiomyopathy is common in who and how is it inherited

A

African American

Autosomal Dominant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Appears in age less than 1 with respiratory ( stridor, wheezing, coughing) and/or esophageal (dysphagia, vomiting, difficulty feeding) symptoms. Stridor is biphasic. Improves with neck extension

A

vascular ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Laryngomalacia

A

collapse of the supraglottic structures during inspiration and presents with chronic inspiration stridor that improves with prone positioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pansystolic murmur that is loudest at the left lower sternal border and a diastolic rumble at the apex due to increased flow across the mitral valve

A

large ventricular septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a 2 hour child with single loud second heart sound has what wrong with them

A
  • single loud second heart sound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most common congenital cyanotic heart disease in the neonatal period

A

D-transposition of the great vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

x-ray finding for D-transposition of the great vessles

A

“egg on a string” ( narrow mediastinum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Beck’s triad

A
  • distant heart sounds
  • distended jugular veins
  • hypotension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Trisomy 18 baby with murmur at left lower sternal bordner

A

VSD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common heart defect in down syndrome

A

complete atrioventricular septal defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is an innocent cardiac murmur

A
  • intesnity is grade I or II

- decreases with standing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what maneuvers reduce the intensity of innocent murmurs

A

decrease venous blood return ( standing, Valsalva)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

patients with prolonged QT intervals are at risk for

A
  • syncope
  • ventricular arrhythmias
  • sudden cardiac death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Those with congenital QT prolongation should avoid

A
  • electrolyte derangements

- medications that block potassium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do you prevent cardiac arrest in prolonged QT syndrome

A

beta blockers with pacemaker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

greater than 5 day fever, bilateral nonexudate conjunctivitis, mucositis, cervical lymphadenopathy, rash and extremity changes

A

kawasaki

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

treatment for kawasaki

A

aspirin and intravenous immunoglobulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Most serious potential sequelae of Kawasaki

A

coronary artery aneurysms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hear a harsh III/VI holosystolic murmur, next step

A
  • echocardiography, not reassurance because it is harsh III/VI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

can viral myocarditis cause liver problems

A

yes, hepatomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Difficulty swallowing, feeding refusal and vomiting should raise concern for
foreign body ingestion
26
what ethnicity has decreased UGT activity
asians
27
child with impaired adaption to darkness, photophobia, dry scaly skin, xerosis conjunctive, sources cornea keratomalacia, bitot spots and folllicular hyperkeratosis of shoulders, buttocks, and extensor surfaces
vitamin A deficiency
28
white baby with growth failure and recurrent sinopulmonary infections typically raise concern for
cystic fibrosis
29
pancreatic insufficiency in baby can lead to
- steatorrheahea - failure to thrive - vitamin deficiencies
30
Common associations with celiac disease
- type 1 diabetes | - dermatitis herpetrifromis
31
how can celiac disease present
- weight loss | - iron deficiency anemia
32
the only absolute infant contraindication to breastfeeding is
galactosemia
33
Classic signs of older children with biliary cyst
abdominal pain, jaundice and may have pancreatitis
34
what should be suspected in all children with recurrent intussusception
Meckel's diverticulum
35
Triple bubble sign on x-ray and gasless colon
Jejunal atresia
36
risk factors for jejunal atresia
- exposure to cocaine and other vasoconstrictive drugs
37
what is the workup if a baby has bilious emesis
- abdominal x-ray then contrast enema
38
electrolyte values after prolonged vomiting
- hypochloremic - hypokalemic - metabolic alkalosis
39
next step of management if something is in esophagus
removed immediately
40
what should be suspected in a newborn with feeding intolerance, abdominal dissension and bloody stools
necrotizing enterocolitis
41
risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis
- prematurity - hypotension - congenital heart disease
42
hallmark x-ray finding for necrotizing enterocolitis
pneumatosis intestinalis
43
in child, recurrent self-limiting episodes of vomiting and nausea without an apparent cause suggets
cyclical vomiting
44
someone with cyclical vomiting my have a family history of what
migraine
45
what should be suspected when a well-appearing neonate has painless bloody stools
milk or say-protein proctocolitis
46
newborns with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and hepatomegaly
biliary atresia
47
painless hematochezia in a young toddler is most likely due to
Mecke's diverticulum
48
how is Meckel's diverticulum diagnosed
technetium-99th pertechnetate scanning
49
what is gold standard for diagnosing malrotation
upper gastrointestinal contrast
50
what syndrome has an increased risk of Alzheimer and hypothyroidism
Down syndrome
51
Choanal atresia can be part of what sydnrome
CHARGE
52
what does CHARGE stand fro
- Coloboma - Heart Defects - Atresia - retardation of growth/development - Genito-urinary anomalies - ear
53
Moderate to severe dehydration in children should be treated with an
intravenous bolus of isotonic fluid
54
what is major protein in human milk
whey: more easily digested than casein and whey helps to improve gastric emptying
55
what is usually elevated in during pregnancy for gastroschisis
increase AFP
56
infant with macrosomia, macroglossia, umbilical hernia/omphalocele, hemihyperplasia, and hypoglycemia
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
57
Patients with Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome are at significantly increased risk for what
- Wilms tumor | - hepatoblastoma
58
how do you screen for Beckwith-Wiedmann syndrome
- abdominal ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein levels
59
what is first-line modality in diagnosing intussusception
ultrasound
60
how do you reduce obstruction of intusseception
air enema
61
Increased gastric residual volume, vomiting, and abdominal distension in a preterm neonate are highly suspicious of
necrotizing enterocolitis
62
X-ray finding for necrotizing enterocolitis
Pneumatosis intestinalis and portal venous air
63
Niacin ( vitamin B3) deficiency causes
- pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and possibly death
64
Angular cheilitis, stomatitis, glossitis, normocytic-normochromic anemia- and seborrheic dermatitis
riboflavin B2 deficiency
65
angular cheilitis
fissures at corners of lips
66
excess pyridoxine can cause
peripheral neuropathy
67
Trichotillomanis has high comorbidity with
OCD
68
what group of kids (2) are at increased risk of precocious sexual development
1. obese children | 2. black or hispanic ethnicities
69
Isolated premature-adrenarche is a significant risk factor for
PCOS type 2 diabetes metabolic syndorme
70
When should vaccines be given to preterm infants
- chronologic age rather than gestational age
71
what is the qualifting factor for first Hepatitis B vaccine to be given
weight should be greater than 2 Kg ( 4lb 6oz)
72
Metatarsus adductus? txt?
congenital foot deformity in which the forefoot turns inward - resolves spontaneously
73
hydroxyurea benefits patients with sickle cell by
increasing fetal hemoglobin
74
a girl with foul-smelling vaingal discharge and vaginal spotting or bleeding? txt?
vaginal foreign bodies | - calcium alginate swab or irrigation with warmed fluid
75
sickle cell patient with sudden drop in hemoglobin with a very low reticulocyte count and lack of hepatosplenomaegaly?
aplastic crises
76
New-onset hearing loss or chronic ear drainage despite antibiotic therapy are typical presenting symptoms of ?
cholesteatomas
77
symptoms of iron poisoning ? X-ray findings? txt?
- abdominal pain - hematemesis - metabolic acidosis - radiopaque on x-ray - Deferoxamine
78
vaso-occulsion of the bone in sickle cell can cause
osteonecrosis
79
mutation in type 1 colllagen
osteogenesis imperfecta
80
define polycythemia in term newborn
hematocrit greater than 65 percent
81
risk factors for polycythemia
- cord clamping - maternal hypertension - maternal diabetes mellitus
82
symptoms for polycythemia in term newbron
- respiratory distress - hypoglycemia - neurologic
83
most common cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn boys
posterior urethral valves
84
Can an 18th month old run or walk independently
yes
85
gold standard for confirmation of muscular dystrophy is
genetic testing
86
Most common cause of breast mass in adolescent
fibroadenoma
87
adolescent patient with suspected fibroadenoma should be examined when
after menstrual period for decrease in mass size or tenderness
88
how should you work up NK1
MRI
89
how is myotonic muscular dystrophy inherited
autosomal dominant
90
grip myotonia, facial weakness, foot drop, dysphagia, and cardiac conduction anomalies. Cataracts, testicular atrophy/infertility and balness
myotonic muscular dystrophy
91
treatment for central precocious pubety
- always get CT or MRI | - GnRH analog therapy
92
uncomplicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis should be treated with
oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
93
differential diagnosis of a solitary, painful, lytic long bone lesion with overlying swelling and hypercalcemia in child
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
94
increasing head circumference and signs of increased intracranial pressure in children should be evaluated how?
CT scan of brain
95
Most common type of brain tumor in children
astrocytoma
96
contraindications for DTP vaccine
- immediate anaphylaxis - unstable neurologic disorders - encephaolopathy within a week
97
first line treatment for seborrheic dermatits
emollients and nonmedicated shampoos

Uworld Step 2 (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions