Pediatrics - Random things to remember

Question 1

When is the BCG vaccine given?

Answer 1

Around birth

Question 2

When is the hepatitis B1 vaccine given?

Answer 2

12 years of age

Question 3

When is the H. influenzae B vaccine given?

Answer 3

2, 3, 4, 18 months

Question 4

When is the Diptheria Tetanus Pertussis (DTP) + Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) vaccine given?

Answer 4

2, 3, 4, 18 months + 6 years

Question 5

When is the Pneumococcal Conjugate (PCV13) vaccine given?

Answer 5

2, 4, 12 months

Question 6

When is the MMR vaccine given?

Answer 6

15 months, 12 years

Question 7

When is the HPV vaccine given?

Answer 7

12, 13 year old - only mandatory in females

Question 8

What two vaccines are not mandatory but especially recommended?

Answer 8

Varicella and Hepatitis A

Question 9

Which of the major vaccines are live attenuated?

Answer 9

Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Varicella, Polio (Sabin)

Question 10

Which of the major vaccines are inactivated viruses?

Answer 10

Polio (Salk), Hepatitis B, Influenza

Question 11

Which of the major vaccines are inactivated bacteria or toxoid?

Answer 11

Pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus, H influenza type B, Pneumococcus

Question 12

Antipyretics: what is the dose and max dose of paracetamol?

Answer 12

10-15 mg/kg, 4x/day, max 1 g/dose

Question 13

Antipyretics: what is the dose and max dose of ibuprofen?

Answer 13

10 mg/kg, 3-4x/day, max 600 mg/dose

Question 14

Approximate respiratory rates: neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older

Answer 14

neonate: 30-40
1-5 y/o: 25
6-14 y/o: 15-20
adult: 12-20

Question 15

Approximate heart rates: neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older

Answer 15

neonate: 130
1-5 y/o: 100
6-14 y/o: 80-100
adult: 60-80

Question 16

Minimum normal systolic blood pressure (mmHg): neonate, 1-5, 6-14, and older

Answer 16

neonate: 60
1-5 y/o: 70 + 2 x age
6-14 y/o: 70 + 2 x age
adult: 90

Question 17

How many days for antibiotic treatment for cystitis versus pyelonephritis?

Answer 17

Cystitis: 3-5 days; pyelonephritis: 10-15 days

Question 18

How much volume is given in a pediatric emergency fluid bolus?

Answer 18

20 mL/kg

Question 19

How much epinephrine is given in a pediatric CPR?

Answer 19

0,1 mL/kg from a 1:10000 solution

Question 20

How many joules are given in a pediatric defibrillation?

And for cardioversion?

Answer 20

Defibrillation: 4 J /kg
Cardioversion: 1-2 J / kg

Question 21

How is mid-parental height calculated? (different for boy vs girl)

Answer 21

For a boy: [ mom’s height + dad’s height + 13 ] / 2

For a girl: [ mom’s height + dad’s height - 13 ] / 2

Question 22

When is the dried blood spot test taken?

Answer 22

48-72 hours after feeding has begun

tests metabolic diseases: PKU, galactosemia, etc

Question 23

First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: what type of fluid and how much should be given, and at what rate?

Answer 23

Normal saline 10-20 mL/kg in 1 hour

Question 24

First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: how much insulin should be given, and at what rate?

Answer 24

0,05 - 0,1 units / kg / hour

Question 25

First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: When can you begin to give potassium?

Answer 25

Potassium is able to be given after the patient pees from the fluid given (that's what they said in seminar; I imagine you'd want to check their serum potassium first though)

Question 26

First time treatment of diabetes mellitus type I: at what rate should blood glucose level be lowered?

Answer 26

2 - 3 mmol/hour maximum | If it's dropping faster than this, just add glucose along with the insulin that's being infused

Question 27

What are the 4 T's of diagnosis for DKA?

Answer 27

Toilet (polyuria), Thirst (polydipsia), Tired (hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis), Thinner (lose weight)

Question 28

When a child is diagnosed with type I DM, what other diseases should be checked for?

Answer 28

JIA, Celiac, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (overlapping autoimmune diseases)

Question 29

What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for patients between 1-10 kg

Answer 29

100 ml / kg / day

Question 30

What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for 11-20 kilogram patients?

Answer 30

1000 mL + 50 ml / kg / day

Question 31

What is the Holliday-Segar method values for calculating the maintenance daily fluid requirement for each additional kilogram in patients > 20 kg?

Answer 31

1500 mL + 20 ml / kg / day

Question 32

Basics of developmental stages (easy version taught in practical) for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months

Answer 32

3 months: turning 6 months: sitting 9 months: standing 12 months: first steps

Question 33

3 most important vitamins / supplementation in infancy

Answer 33

- Vitamin K: IM injection at birth; periodic supplementation for breast-feeding babies - Vitamin D: for all babies - Iron: stores and breast milk are enough for maybe 6 months, begin supplementing some after that. Premature babies need iron after birth.

Question 34

how to estimate the weight of an infant?

Answer 34

For Infants < 12 months: Weight (kg) = (age in months + 9)/2

Question 35

estimate the weight of a child 1-5 years old

Answer 35

For Children aged 1-5 years: Weight (kg) = 2 x (age in years + 5)

Question 36

estimate weight of a child 5-14 years old?

Answer 36

For Children aged 5-14 years: Weight (kg) = 4 x age in years

Question 37

``` what are the cut off values of hemoglobin to diagnose anemia of: <3 mo 3 mo - 5 years 5 - 14 y adult woman adult man ```

Answer 37

``` <3 mo - <10 g/dL 3 mo - 5 years - <11 g/dL 5 - 14 y - <12 adult woman - <12 adult man - <13 ```

Question 38

How many calories should infants consume daily, per kg?

Answer 38

120 kcal/kg/day

Question 39

Breast milk contains how many calories per 100 mL

Answer 39

60-70 calories per 100 mL

Question 40

How many times a day should an infant breastfeed in the first 4 months of life?

Answer 40

8 times/day

Question 41

Less than 36 months: fever temp and location

Answer 41

rectal temp > 38 °C

Question 42

> 36 months: fever temp and location

Answer 42

oral temperature > 37.8 °C (oral temp is 0.6 degrees less than core/rectal temp)

Question 43

When do the first teeth come in?

Answer 43

About 6 months

Question 44

Which fontanelle(s) are palpable in a newborn?

Answer 44

Anterior for about 18 months max; some have posterior for about 3 months

Question 45

When does the spinal curvature begin to form?

Answer 45

About 1 year old

Question 46

At what age does the liver normally stop being palpable? and the spleen?

Answer 46

Liver within about 3 years; spleen in 1 year

Question 47

Up til what age can the testicles be freely movable in the scrotum?

Answer 47

1 year. Need surgery after that

Question 48

What age is normal to begin and end puberty in girls vs boys?

Answer 48

Girls: 8-13 Boys: 9-14

Question 49

What is the first sign of puberty in boys? and in girls?

Answer 49

boys: testicles grow girls: breast budding

Question 50

What is a normal capillary refill time in pediatrics?

Answer 50

< 2 seconds

Question 51

Where do you check skin turgor on a newborn infant, a child, and an adolescent?

Answer 51

Infant: belly Child: thigh Adolescent: arm

Question 52

Normal cervical lymph nodes should be less than what size?

Answer 52

< 1 cm

Question 53

How many teeth in a child versus adult?

Answer 53

20 baby teeth | 32 adult teeth

Question 54

How long should breastfeeding be performed, at minimum?

Answer 54

Minimum 6 months

Question 55

Top 3 causes of cough

Answer 55

post-infectious nasal drip, asthma, reflux disease