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1
Q

Scientific name of pinworms AND what’s the tx?

A

Enterobiasis vermicularais and Albendazole or Mebendazole

2
Q

PE finding of coarctation of aorta?

A

Decreased femoral pulses

3
Q

What is the treatment of patent ductus arteriosis?

A

Indomethacin

4
Q

What are s/sxs of pyloric stenosis? What is the dx imaging? What is the tx?

A

Projectile vomit, olive mass RUQ, peristaltic waves.

Dx: US

Tx: pyloromyotomy

5
Q

Tx for intussusception?

A

Air enema

6
Q

When do you first screen for hearing loss? and what test do you use?

A

Newborn

Otoacoustic emissions - auditory brain response is more accurate and used in children

7
Q

Sign of Turner syndrome?

A

Wide spaced nipples

8
Q

What type of disorder is celiac dz?

A

Autoimmune

9
Q

Pt w/ lactose intolerance and poor diet is deficient in what vitamin?

A

Vitamin D

10
Q

Pt with cystic fibrosis is at risk for what?

A

Meconium ileus and at risk for bronchiectasis

11
Q

What vaccines do you not give to immunocompromised pts?

A

MMR, polio, nasal influenza, varicella, rota

12
Q

Hyaline membrane disease CXR findings?

A

Ground glass appearance and bilateral hilar

13
Q

What are s/sxs of Kawasaki’s and what is the tx?

A

Strawberry tongue, cracked lips, red conjunctiva.

Tx: IVIG and ASA

14
Q

What do you see on slide with AML?

A

Auer rods myeloblasts

15
Q

How do you reduce nurse maids elbow?

A

Supination and flexion

16
Q

What tx for OM causes red stools?

A

Cefdinir and Cephalosporins

17
Q

Duodenal atresia is seen in who?

A

Down syndrome pts

18
Q

What vitamin deficiency causes neural tube defects?

A

Lack of folate during pregnancy

19
Q

What are signs of shaken baby syndrome?

A

Retinal hemorrhages
Metaphyseal fx
Subdural hematomas

20
Q

Signs of erythema infectiosum? And What is the causative agent?

A

“Slapped cheek” spares palms and soles

Parvovirus B19

21
Q

Signs of Rubella (German Measles)?

A

Blueberry lesions x3 days

- low-grade fever, cough, anorexia, & posterior cervical/posterior auricular lymphadenopathy

22
Q

How do you diagnose Rubella?

A

Igm antibody assay diagnosis

23
Q

Tx for rubella?

A

Supportive care- Tylenol/ibuprofen adequate hydration.

24
Q

Sign/sx of Roseola?

A

Fever then a rash

25
Q

How do you dx mastoiditis?

A

CT (mc of temporal bones)

26
Q

Tx for epistaxis?

A

Direct pressure - MC location is Kiesselbachs plexus

27
Q

Tx for croup?

A

Racemic epi and dexamethasone IM

28
Q

How do you dx asthma?

A

PFTs and look at peak expiratory flow rate

29
Q

What is the name of the bronchiolitis vaccine and who’s gets it?

A

Palivizumab and pts who are at high risk of getting RSV

30
Q

S/Sxs of meckles diverticulum?

A

Painless rectal bleeding, persistence of vitelline (omphalocele duct either gastric or pancreatic tissue dx by meckles scan)

31
Q

How do you dx developmental dysplasia of hip?

A

Ultrasound

32
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Urethra on ventral side, when penis is erect you are unable to see urethra.

33
Q

What is the MOA of Ritalin?

A

Dopamine receptor inhibitor, keeps dopamine in synapse longer

34
Q

1st and 2nd line tx options for meningococcemia?

A

IV ceftriaxone (1st) and PCN (2nd)

35
Q

Tx for keratosis pilaris?

A

Self limiting can do urea creams, keratolytics, or lactic acid.

36
Q

Tx for MDD?

A

SSRIs etc. fluoxetine-Prozac

37
Q

When do you give Hib?

A

2, 4, 6 months and 12-15

38
Q

Croup dx study and common finding on imaging?

A

XR- steeple sign

39
Q

Pt sitting in tripod position, difficulty swallowing, strider, and drooling what is the dx and what do you do?

A

Epiglottis and immediate intubation

40
Q

Pt PE finding of TM w/ grayish fluid?

A

OM w/ effusion

41
Q

Pt with hx of atopic dermatitis has an increase risk for?

A

Allergic rhinitis

42
Q

Tx for paroxysmal SVT?

A

Adenosine

43
Q

Tx for rheumatic fever?

A
  • Penicillin G
  • Anti-inflammatory: Aspirin (2-6 weeks with taper) +/- corticosteroids in severe cases & carditis
  • Prevention is the most important therapeutic course – therefore all patients should be treated w/ abx
44
Q

How do you dx VSD?

A

Echo

45
Q

Txs for impetigo?

A

Mupirocin (Bactroban) - topical
PCN or macrolide - severe
Amoxicillin is second line

46
Q

Signs of dermatitis?

A

candidal satellite lesions

47
Q

What do you do when a pt comes in with Hidradenitis suppurativa?

A

I&D and discuss hygiene

48
Q

Difference between SJS and TEN?

A

More surface area in TEN than SJS and TEN is complete separation and requires immediate hospital admission

49
Q

DKA tx?

A

Regular insulin, fluids, potassium, glucose

50
Q

How do you dx a pt with DM?

A

A1c > 6.5
Fasting >126
Random >200

51
Q

S/Sxs of allergic rhinitis

A

Sneezing, watery nasal d/c, red watery eyes, itchy eyes, sore throat, nasal congestion, allergic shines, dennie lines

52
Q

Sign of strabismus?

A

Childs right eye tuning inward

53
Q

Tx for GERD?

A

PPI, antacids, H2 blocker

54
Q

What does vitamin C deficiency cause?

A

Scurvy

55
Q

Nonbilious projectile vomiting, small mass palpated in abdomen?

A

Pyloric stenosis

56
Q

Dx and tx for pinworms?

A

Albendazole, scotch tape test, nocturnal itching, feco oral transmission, school aged children.

57
Q

Fish tank has what bacteria growing in it?

A

Mycobacterium

58
Q

Dx test for mono?

A

Monospot

59
Q

Scaphoid fx complication?

A

Avascular necrosis

60
Q

What is a dx study and what is the only definitive dx of meconium ileus in hirschsprung?

A

Anorectal manometry

Bx of rectum is only definitive dx study

61
Q

S/sxs of hirschsprung?

A

Failure to relax segment, lack of nerve inner action, bolius vomiting, abdominal distention, failure to pass in 48 hrs.

62
Q

Coarctation of aorta is commonly seen in who?

A

Pts w/ Turners syndrome

63
Q

Pts with long spider fingers have what?

A

Marfans

64
Q

S/Sx of congenital varicella syndrome?

A

Cicatricial skin rash, neuro deficits, limb hypertrophy

65
Q

What causes congenital varicella syndrome?

A

Maternal varicella infection in the 1st 20 weeks of pregnancy

66
Q

Tx for congenital varicella syndrome?

A

VZIG to the baby

67
Q

S/Sxs of croup?

A

Inflammation 2/2 viral infection, upper airway infection, subglottic trachea and larynx swelling, barking cough, strider, hoarseness, dyspnea

68
Q

MCC of croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus type 1

69
Q

What are the white spots on skin after sunbathing? and what is the tx?

A

Tinea versicolor

Topical Selenium sulfide

70
Q

When does the umbilical cord fall off?

A

1-2 wks

71
Q

Tx for diaper dermatitis?

A

Wash w/ soap, change wipes etc. And Nystain if conservative tx does not work

72
Q

Tx for diaper rash that appears to be impetigo?

A

Mupirocin

73
Q

S/Sx of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Single or multiple dome shape fleshed color pearly white waxy papules, central umbilication, curd like material may be expressed from lesions if they are squeezed.

74
Q

Causative agent for molluscum contagiosium?

A

Poxviridae family

75
Q

What is the most useful s/s for autism diagnosis?

A

Lack of speech

76
Q

Tx for pyelonephritis?

A

Cipro

77
Q

What is downs associated with?

A

Hirschsprung and ASD/VSD

78
Q

Child begins choking and wheezing what would the dx and therapeutic tx be?

A
  • Foreign body

- Rigid Bronchoscopy

79
Q

Weak legs and diminish femoral poses compared to brachial pulse?

A

COA

80
Q

What causes bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

81
Q

S/Sx of anal fissures?

A

Blood in stool

82
Q

S/Sx of TBI?

A

Retinal Hemorrhages

83
Q

Rheumatic fever dx lab findings?

A
  • Elevated CRP and ESR
  • Elevated/increased streptococcal antibody titers
  • Antistreptolysin O (ASO titer) [ESSENTIAL for Dx]
  • Anti-DNase B
84
Q

What is 5th disease?

A

Erythema infectiosum

85
Q

Fever malaise and extensive target lesions is what?

A

SJS

86
Q

Tx for OM?

A

Amoxicillin

Allergy: azythromycin

87
Q

What lab results are seen with Hemophilia A?

A

Increased aPTT w/ normal thrombin time

88
Q

Tx for nail fungus?

A

Terbinafine

89
Q

OE vs OM?

A

Pulling on pinna hurts in OE.

90
Q

What vaccines do you give a child who’s been bitten by a fox?

A

Human diploid vaccine and tetanus toxoid

91
Q

Boot shape heart?

A

TOF

92
Q

Cystic fibrosis diagnosis test?

A

Sweat chloride test

93
Q

HOCM treatment?

A

BB or CCB

94
Q

Why do you treat strabismus?

A

To avoid amblyopia

95
Q

Sunscreen indications?

A

Wear a brimmed hat

96
Q

What HR does anorexia cause?

A

Bradycardia

97
Q

Cystic fibrosis pts have the inability to do what?

A

Pass meconium

98
Q

Dx study for satellite lesion?

A

KOH and scrape test

99
Q

MCC of asthma?

A

Dust mites

100
Q

Child breathing is inconsistent what dx test should you do?

A

Sweat chloride test

101
Q

Genetically, what category is cystic fibrosis?

A

Autosomal recessive increases viscosity of respiratory secretion.

102
Q

Pt with OM but irregular lung exam what do you treat with?

A

Augmentin

103
Q

Recurrent strep (3x) what do you suggest?

A

Remove tonsils

104
Q

Narrowing of trachea is a sign of what?

A

Croup

105
Q

ESBV can cause what?

A

Splenomegaly

106
Q

Pt with lupus now has joint pain?

A

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

107
Q

What is the dx of thickening of tibia tuberosity?

A

Osgood Schlatter dz

108
Q

What should you warn pt about when taking Fluoxetine?

A

Suicide

109
Q

Video gamer sits in room in closed curtain and bad diet likely what vitamin deficiency?

A

Vitamin D

110
Q

Gingival bleeding is a sign of what?

A

Vitamin C def. - Scurvy

111
Q

What is the dx of white flat linear lines of planar and thighs?

A

Lichen striatus

112
Q

Tx for balding of head and tinea capitis?

A

Griseofulvin

113
Q

Tinea corporis means?

A

Body fungus

114
Q

Pt presents with abdominal pain, lethargy, URI x2 wks, rapid deep breathing what do you check first?

A

Serum glucose

115
Q

Pt has seizure sxs, dysarthria, weakness in extremities how do you treat?

A

Phenobarbital

116
Q

Angulated clavicle fracture how do you treat?

A

Figure 8 bandage

117
Q

Bronchiolitis, O2 stat at 86% how do you treat?

A

Give O2

118
Q

TOF tried knee flex position what do you do next?

A

Digoxin

119
Q

Atopic dermatitis now has purulent d/c, gram + bacteria, how do you treat?

A

Mupirocin

120
Q

What is lichen striae?

A

Dull red flesh colored macule that come together to form white lines

121
Q

Meningococcemia presentation, what do you need to give this pt if IV ceftriaxone and PCN is not an option?

A

IM Cefriaxone

122
Q

Breast milk, jaundice what needs to be supplemented?

A

Iron

123
Q

Obese child what is a common injury?

A

SCFE

124
Q

What will you see on PE with osgood Schlatter’s dz? and what is the tx?

A

Pain with extension and TTP along tibial tuburcle

- RICE, NSAIDs, quadriceps stretching, knee immobilization – most sxs resolve within 12-24 months

125
Q

Testicular torsion presentation, what is pathognomonic?

A

Vomiting

126
Q

Pt is grunting premie, tachycardia, tachypneic, cynotic. What is likely dx?

A

Hyaline membrane dz

127
Q

Rotavirus is associated with what?

A

Intussesception

128
Q

Child presents with RUQ pain, fever, and vomiting what is the dx? And what would you observe on PE?

A

Pneumonia

Crackles in lower lung fields

129
Q

Genetically, what is Marfans categorized as?

A

Autosomal dominant

130
Q

Tx of molluscum?

A

Imiquimod

131
Q

PE finding for osteosarcoma?

A

Palpable soft tissue mass

132
Q

Bruising in what area would you think abuse?

A

Lateral neck

133
Q

First line tx for joint pain in pt with rheumatoid?

A

NSAID

134
Q

What infant practice decreased risk for allergy?

A

Breastfeeding

135
Q

4 yo who has hit all milestones but is now standing funny and has a weird gait what is likely dx?

A

Muscular dystrophy

136
Q

What do you tell a pt who is talking Griseofulvin for tinea capitis?

A

Take with milk or ice cream

137
Q

PDA is an abnormal connection between what?

A

Aorta and pulmonary artery

138
Q

OE treatment, if not given ciprodex?

A

Ofloxacin topical and Cortisporin ear drops

139
Q

How do you help a child with acute resp distress 2/2 TOF?

A

Knee to chest position and administer IV morphine and IV propranolol.

140
Q

Cheapest way to dx structural ear problem?

A

Otoscopy, Weber, rinne

141
Q

Tx for allergic rhinitis?

A

Intranasal corticosteroids

142
Q

Tx for OM?

A

Amoxicillin

143
Q

Preaurticular redness, postauricular swelling, and otitis external symptoms (pain on pinna) are all signs of what?

A

Mastoiditis

144
Q

MCC of mastoiditis?

A

Strep Pneumo

145
Q

Rooting reflex?

A

Stoke babies cheek or lip and they turn that way and make sucking (rooting) motion with mouth.
-disappears around 2-3 months

146
Q

Tx for battery already in stomach?

A

Endoscopic removal and gastric lavage

147
Q

Overweight and big liver means?

A

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

148
Q

Myeloblastic on peripheral smear, what is the next step?

A

Bone marrow biopsy

149
Q

Down syndrome baby with bulging intestine what do you dx with?

A

Hirschsprung

150
Q

Tx for enuresis?

A

DDAVP (desmopressin)

151
Q

Big tongue is a sign of what?

A

Congenital hypothyroidism

152
Q

CSF that has normal glucose and meningeal sign is what?

A

Viral

153
Q

Playing with a cat now has crusted leaky ulcer and lymphadenopathy, what is causative agent?

A

Atypical mycoplasma

154
Q

Treatment for pt with uvula deviation and is dx with peritonsillar abscess?

A

I&D

155
Q

Kid is laying down with mouth open and does not want to move, you suspect?

A

Epiglottis

156
Q

MMR vaccine is given when?

A

12 - 15 mo

157
Q

Scabies treatment?

A

Oil immersion and Permethrin topical

158
Q

How do you prevent scabies recurrence?

A

Tx the whole family

159
Q

Treatment for pertussis?

A

Macrolide

160
Q

Child has encopresis what else do you suspect?

A

ODD

161
Q

Murmur associated with VSD is heard where?

A

LLSB

162
Q

Girl was at the beach now has hypo-pigmented areas on forehead and back, what is the dx?

A

Tinea versicolor

163
Q

When do you start scoliosis tx?

A

Cobb angle at 20 degrees

164
Q

What age do eyes align?

A

6 month

165
Q

Sore throat, treated with amoxicillin now has a rash what do you do next?

A

Check EBV titers

166
Q

How do you diagnoses mastoiditis?

A

CT scan

167
Q

What murmur does not need prophylaxis treatment?

A

Physiologic murmur

168
Q

Pt is 3 mos old and had asymmetrical hip folds and + Barlow and ortolani sign how do you treat?

A

Pelvic Harness

169
Q

Salmon patch/harald patch/christmas tree?

A

Pityriasis rosea

170
Q

CF pt sweat chloride test >60 2 times what’s else do you see on PE?

A

Greasy stool (steatorrhea)

171
Q

Obese and depressed child what do you treat with?

A

Bupropion (wellbutrin)

172
Q

Full term infant with respiratory distress, not handling secretions, and choking. What are next steps?

A

Endotracheal intubation

173
Q

MC cause of endocarditis?

A

IVDA

174
Q

Tricuspid valve endocarditis is likely d/t?

A

IVDA

175
Q

Pt presents with family hx of hemarthrosis what does the pt have and what do the labs show?

A

Hemophilia A and increased a PTT

176
Q

15 year old boy presents with cough and fever the dx is what and how do you treat?

A

Mycoplasma PNA and macrolide

177
Q

Tx for encopresis

A

DDVAP

178
Q

Pt w/ abdominal dissension and meconium lieus what is the likely diagosis?

A

Hirschsprung

179
Q

What is the causative agent for epiglottis?

A

Haem. Influenza

180
Q

Rubella can cause what?

A

Hearing impairment

181
Q

Baby born with bilateral cataracts what do you need to check for?

A

Neonatal infection

- may be congenital rubella syndrome

182
Q

What is associated with TOF?

A
  • RVH
  • Digital clubbing
  • Cynosis
183
Q

4 circular rashes all ranging in size scaling and pruritic?

A

Tinea corporis

184
Q

What is checked at well visits to check for cognitive impairments?

A

Lead level

185
Q

Dx study for pyloric stenosis?

A

Dynamic and stable US

186
Q

Baby with truncal obesity and mild hirsutism what should you check for?

A

Check cortisol levels

187
Q

Conduct disorder can lead to?

A

ADHD or antisocial

188
Q

How do you treat influenza A?

A

oseltamivir

189
Q

Baby has insoluble cry and blood in stool?

A

Intussusception

190
Q

Hyaline membrane disease pathophysiology?

A

Decreased surfactant and respiratory failure

191
Q

18 mo old baby and his sister come in with fever and cough, likely dx?

A

Bacterial pna

192
Q

Pt has amoxicillin allergy, what do you use instead?

A

Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Clindamycin Cephalosporins

193
Q

1-5 yr old should consume no more than 16-24 oz of cows milk why?

A

Prevention of IDA

194
Q

5 yr old girl with cystitis, fever, irritability and not eating for the past 2 days. She was given bactrim now has bullae on body and has epidermal detachment what is the dx and what do you do?

A

TENS and admit to hospital

195
Q

What is seen on PE with pts with post step glomerulonephritis?

A

HTN

196
Q

Preterm neonate with lethargy, apnea, poor feeding, fever, and hypotonia. Likely dx?

A

Bacterial Sepsis

197
Q

Lab test for rheumatic fever?

A

CRP and ESR (will be elevated)

WBC (leukocytotis)

198
Q

Measles vaccine schedule?

A

First dose at 12-15mo and second dose at 4-6 yrs of age

199
Q

Bilateral eye irritation with copious purulent d/c x1 day, no visual changes. Likely dx? And MC causative agent?

A

Bacterial conjunctivitis and strep pneumoniae.

200
Q

What type of shunt is VSD? And what murmur is heard?

A
  • Hole in ventral septum, associated with left-to-right.

- High pitch harsh holosystolic murmur.

201
Q

S/Sxs of ASD?

A

Recurrent respiratory infection, failure to thrive, dyspnea on exertion

202
Q

Where is the murmur of ASD heard and what does it sound like?

A
  • Pulmonic area - LUSB

- Systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo, wide fixed split S1 that does not vary with respiration’s.

203
Q

Where is the murmur for PDA heard and what does it sound like?

A
  • Pulmonic area LUSB

- Continuous machine like, wide pulse pressure bounding peripheral pulses, loud S2

204
Q

S/Sxs of COA?

A

Bilateral claudication, dyspnea on exertion, and syncope.

-neonatal prevention: failure to thrive and poor feeding 1-2 wks after birth.

205
Q

Dx finding and management for COA?

A
  • CXR: posterior rib notching.

- corrective surgery and prostaglandin E1 (Alprostadil) preoperatively to stabilize condition

206
Q

What murmur is heard with TOF and where is it heard?

A
  • Harsh systolic murmur

- left mid to upper seternal border.

207
Q

What are S/Sx of HOCM?

A

Dyspnea, fatigue, angina, presyncope, dizziness, arrhythmias

208
Q

In a pt with HOCM you will hear an increased in murmur intensity when pt does what?

A

Valsalva or standing d/t decrease venous return

209
Q

In a pt with HOCM you hear a decrease in murmur intensity when the pt does what?

A

Squats, supine or leg raise d/t increased venous return.

210
Q

What heart sound may be heard in HOCM?

A

Loud S4 gallop w/ apical lift.

211
Q

EKG finding in HOCM?

A

LVH and dagger like q-waves.

212
Q

What is the criteria for constipation?

A

Infrequent BM <2/week, straining, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, sensation of anorectal blockage w/ 25% of BMs.

213
Q

What is the tx options for constipation?

A
  • Fiber (20-25g)
  • Bulk forming laxatives: Psyllium, Methyl cellulose, Polycarbophil, Wheat dextran
  • Osmotic laxatives: Polyethylene glycol (PEG), lactulose, sorbitol, saline laxative (milk of magnesia)
  • Stimulant laxatives: Bisacodyl, senna
214
Q

What is the MOA of Bulk forming laxatives?

A

Absorbs water and increased fecal mass

215
Q

MOA of stimulant laxatives?

A

Acetylcholine-regulated GI motility (Peristalsis)

216
Q

What vaccine do you get at birth?

A

Hep B

217
Q

What vaccines do you get at 2 mos?

A

(B DR HIP)

  • Hep B
  • DTap
  • Rota
  • H. Influenza
  • IPV (polio)
  • Pneumo
218
Q

What vaccines do you get at 4 mos?

A

(DR. HIP)

  • DTap
  • Rota
  • H. Influenza
  • IPV (polio)
  • Pneumo
219
Q

What vaccines do you get at 6 mos?

A

(B DR HIPI)

  • Hep B
  • DTap
  • Rota
  • H. Influenza
  • Pneumo
  • Influenza
220
Q

What vaccines do you get at 1-1.5 yrs of age?

A

(1 MAD HPV)

  • MMR
  • Hep A
  • DTap
  • H. Influenza
  • Pneumo
  • Varicella
221
Q

What vaccines do you get at 4-6 yrs of age?

A

(4 VERY DIM)

  • Varicella,
  • DTap
  • IPV
  • MMR
222
Q

What vaccines do you get at 11-12 years of age?

A

(TADA HUMAN MEN)

  • Tdap
  • Human papilloma virus
  • Meningococcal
223
Q

What vaccine do you get at 16-18 yrs?

A

(MEN)

- Meningococcal booster

224
Q

What murmur is heard with COA and where?

A
  • Late systolic ejection murmur/continuous

- Radiating to the left back, left scapula, or chest heard in aortic area.

225
Q

MC physiologic functional heart murmur (incident murmur-intensity less than grade 3 crescendo-decrescendo pattern and normal second heart sound)

A

Pulmonary flow murmur

d/t small size of branched pulmonary arteries d/t the lung receiving only 15% of CO during fetal development

226
Q

What is the catarrhal phase in pertussis?

A

URI sxs lasting 1-2 wks (most contagious at this time)

227
Q

What is the Paroxysmal phase of pertussis?

A

Severe paroxysmal coughing fit w/ inspiratory whooping sound, after coughing fits may have post emesis lasting 2-4 wks.

228
Q

What is the convalescent phase of pertussis?

A

Resolution of cough (cough may last up to 6 weeks)

229
Q

When is the best time to culture through nasal swab in a pt w/ pertussis?

A

Between 1-2 weeks (Catarrhal phase)

230
Q

RSV is the MCC cause of what?

A

Lower respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis.

231
Q

Neonate born w/ hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, continuous machinery-like murmur, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss & thrombocytopenia [Blueberry muffin rash]

A

Congenital rubella syndrome

232
Q

S/Sx of OM? and what is the MC causative agent?

A

Decreased TM mobility, Fever, otalgia, ear tugging, bulging TM.
- Strep pneumo

233
Q

S/Sx of croup? and MC causative agent?

A
  • Harsh, “seal-like barking” cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, dyspnea, low-grade fever – sxs often worse @ night
  • Parainfluenza virus type I
234
Q

Child with a barking cough IM tx not an option what do you give?

A

PO prednisone

235
Q

Mid diastolic rumbling murmur heard best at LLSB is caused by what?

A

Mitral valve stenosis (VSD) or the tricuspid valves stenosis (ASD).

236
Q

MC seizure in children? and what is the tx?

A
  • Absence

- Ethosuximide

237
Q

What temp causes febrile seizures?

A

> 38C with absence of CNS infection or inflammation

238
Q

RSV is the MCC of what?

A

Lower respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis

239
Q

SCFE presentation and tx?

A
  • Children 8-16 years, obese, African Americans, males during adolescent growth spurt, externally rotated leg, and painful limp.
  • Non-weight bearing with crutches followed by internal fixation with pinning
240
Q

What medication would you prescribe to a male pt presenting with UTI?

A
  • 1st line: Nitrofurantoin or Bactrim

- 2nd line: Fluoroquinolones (use 1st-line if sulfa allergy/↑ resistance patterns], Cephalosporins, or Cefpodoxime

241
Q

Sensori Neural hearing loss weber and rinne findings?

A
  • Weber: lateralization to normal ear

- Rinne: air > bone

242
Q

Conductive hearing loss weber and rinne findings?

A
  • Weber: lateralization to abnormal ear

- Rinne: bone > air

243
Q

TM perforation weber and rinne findings?

A
  • Weber lateralization to affected ear

- Rinne bone > air

244
Q

When does physiological jaundice occur?

A

Presents on days 3-5

- bilirubin levels fall in about 50% of the neonates during the first week of life

245
Q

What is Dubin-Johnson Syndrome?

A

Isolated conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemi

246
Q

What is Crigler-Najjar Syndrome?

A
Hereditary unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia
- no UGT activity, autosomal recessive
247
Q

What is Gilbert Syndrome?

A

Hereditary unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia occurs during stress, fasting, alcohol, or illness

  • Reduced UGT activity
  • normal LFTs
248
Q

What is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A

Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children due to ischemia of capital femoral epiphysis – usually unilateral

249
Q

S/Sxs of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A
  • Painless limping for weeks (worsen @ the end of the day)
  • Hip, thigh, knee or groin pain
  • Restricted ROM (loss of abduction & internal rotation)
250
Q

How do you dx and treat Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?

A
  • XR: (+) Crescent sign, increased density of the femoral epiphysis
  • activity restriction, Physical therapy, abduction brace/cast
251
Q

S/Sxs of phimosis and how do you treat?

A
  • Inability to retract the foreskin over the glans

- Proper hygiene, stretching exercises, 4-8 weeks of topical betamethasone cream BID/TID, Definitive: circumcision

252
Q

Presentation of scarlet fever?

A
  • Fever, chills, pharyngitis, tender adenopathy
  • Rash: diffuse erythema that blanches with pressure + multiple small (1-2mm) popular elevations w/ a *sandpaper texture
  • Circumoral pallor & strawberry tongue
253
Q

Tx for scarlet fever?

A
  • Penicillin G or VK = first line
  • Amoxicillin
  • Macrolides if penicillin-allergic
254
Q

What is Reyes syndrome?

A

Fulminant hepatitis in children given ASA after a viral infection

255
Q

S/Sxs of Reyes syndrome?

A
  • Rash (hands & feet), intractable vomiting, liver damage, encephalopathy, dilated pupils with minimal response to light & multi-organ failure
256
Q

aside from strabismus what else can cause amblyopia?

A
  • Astigmatism

- Deprivation (ex. cararact)

257
Q

Lab findings for hashimotos?

A
    • Thyroid peroxidase antibodies
    • Thyroglobulin antibodies
  • Increased TSH
  • Decreased free T4 or T3
258
Q

Systemic tx for children with moderate to severe eczema?

A

Cyclosporine

259
Q

Topical steroid alternative tx used for eczema?

A

Topical calcineurin inhibitors: Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus

260
Q

Mom with hearing loss what test should be considered?

A
  • Auditory evoked potential test

- Auditory brainstem response

261
Q

Child w/ diplopia, cranial malformations, the issue with eye causing it to be stuck inferior laterally. Where is the issue in the brain or eye? What does pt have?

A
  • Eye?
  • Strabismus/ 6th nerve palsy
  • Treat with antibiotic and steroids
262
Q

S/Sx of pityriasis rosacea and tx?

A
  • Rash confined to trunk and proximal extremities w/ spared face, palms, and soles
  • watchful waiting 3-8 weeks disappears spontaneously
263
Q

S/Sx of Hashimotos?

A
  • Decreased metabolic rate, (+) cold, loss of outer 1/3 of eyebrow, goiter, nonpitting edema (myxedema), fatigue, decreased DTR, hoarseness of voice, and bradycardia
264
Q

What is pityriasis alba?

A

Scaly patches. These patches resolve leaving areas of scaling hypo-pigmentation, or lighter coloration.
- differs from tinea versicolor because it does not contain fungal elements

265
Q

Side effect of lamotrigine (Lamictil)?

A

SJS/TEN

266
Q

Child w/ short statue will grow how much in 3-4 yrs while on growth hormone therapy?

A
  • 3 to 4 inches??

- 7-10 cm??

267
Q

Corkscrew intestine what is the tx?

A

Emergency lap - Ladd procedure

268
Q

Macroglossia, coarse facial features, umbilical hernia, hypotonia (decreased DTRs) are signs of what dx?

A

Congenital hypothyroidism (Cretinism)

269
Q

EKG finding of ventricular ectopy (PVCs)?

A

Premature beats

270
Q

Girl with pitting and yellow nails?

A

Nail Psorisias

271
Q

Pneumonia tx?

A

Azithromycin (macrolides)

272
Q

Pathophysiology of psoriasis?

A

Hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate

273
Q

What is epididymitis?

A
  • Inflammation of the tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm caused by a bacterial or STI
  • Pain and swelling in the testicle
274
Q

Types of sensorineural hearing loss that also causes tinnitus?

A
  • Presbycusis
  • Chronic loud noise exposure
  • CNS lesions (acoustic neuroma)
  • Labyrinthitis
  • Meniere syndrome
275
Q

What should a 12 month be able to do in teams of motor language and social?

A
  • Stands
  • Says Mama and dada
  • Reads picture book
276
Q

What clinical manifestations are seen in Down syndrome?

A
  • low-set small ears, flat facial profile, flat nasal bridges, open mouth, protruding tongue, upslanting palpebral
    fissures, folded/dysplastic ears, brachycephalic, prominent epicanthal folds, excessive skin @ the nape of the neck, short neck, almond-shaped eyes, Brushfield spots (white, gray or brown spots on the iris), singular palmar crease (Simian crease)
277
Q

Pt is 8 pounds at birth how much should he weigh by 4mos?

A

Babies double their weight by 5 mos. This baby should be around 14-15 pounds.

278
Q

Topical antibiotic tx for bacterial conjunctivitis?

A

Erythromycin ointment