Scientific name of pinworms AND what’s the tx?
Enterobiasis vermicularais and Albendazole or Mebendazole
PE finding of coarctation of aorta?
Decreased femoral pulses
What is the treatment of patent ductus arteriosis?
Indomethacin
What are s/sxs of pyloric stenosis? What is the dx imaging? What is the tx?
Projectile vomit, olive mass RUQ, peristaltic waves.
Dx: US
Tx: pyloromyotomy
Tx for intussusception?
Air enema
When do you first screen for hearing loss? and what test do you use?
Newborn
Otoacoustic emissions - auditory brain response is more accurate and used in children
Sign of Turner syndrome?
Wide spaced nipples
What type of disorder is celiac dz?
Autoimmune
Pt w/ lactose intolerance and poor diet is deficient in what vitamin?
Vitamin D
Pt with cystic fibrosis is at risk for what?
Meconium ileus and at risk for bronchiectasis
What vaccines do you not give to immunocompromised pts?
MMR, polio, nasal influenza, varicella, rota
Hyaline membrane disease CXR findings?
Ground glass appearance and bilateral hilar
What are s/sxs of Kawasaki’s and what is the tx?
Strawberry tongue, cracked lips, red conjunctiva.
Tx: IVIG and ASA
What do you see on slide with AML?
Auer rods myeloblasts
How do you reduce nurse maids elbow?
Supination and flexion
What tx for OM causes red stools?
Cefdinir and Cephalosporins
Duodenal atresia is seen in who?
Down syndrome pts
What vitamin deficiency causes neural tube defects?
Lack of folate during pregnancy
What are signs of shaken baby syndrome?
Retinal hemorrhages
Metaphyseal fx
Subdural hematomas
Signs of erythema infectiosum? And What is the causative agent?
“Slapped cheek” spares palms and soles
Parvovirus B19
Signs of Rubella (German Measles)?
Blueberry lesions x3 days
- low-grade fever, cough, anorexia, & posterior cervical/posterior auricular lymphadenopathy
How do you diagnose Rubella?
Igm antibody assay diagnosis
Tx for rubella?
Supportive care- Tylenol/ibuprofen adequate hydration.
Sign/sx of Roseola?
Fever then a rash
How do you dx mastoiditis?
CT (mc of temporal bones)
Tx for epistaxis?
Direct pressure - MC location is Kiesselbachs plexus
Tx for croup?
Racemic epi and dexamethasone IM
How do you dx asthma?
PFTs and look at peak expiratory flow rate
What is the name of the bronchiolitis vaccine and who’s gets it?
Palivizumab and pts who are at high risk of getting RSV
S/Sxs of meckles diverticulum?
Painless rectal bleeding, persistence of vitelline (omphalocele duct either gastric or pancreatic tissue dx by meckles scan)
How do you dx developmental dysplasia of hip?
Ultrasound
What is hypospadias?
Urethra on ventral side, when penis is erect you are unable to see urethra.
What is the MOA of Ritalin?
Dopamine receptor inhibitor, keeps dopamine in synapse longer
1st and 2nd line tx options for meningococcemia?
IV ceftriaxone (1st) and PCN (2nd)
Tx for keratosis pilaris?
Self limiting can do urea creams, keratolytics, or lactic acid.
Tx for MDD?
SSRIs etc. fluoxetine-Prozac
When do you give Hib?
2, 4, 6 months and 12-15
Croup dx study and common finding on imaging?
XR- steeple sign
Pt sitting in tripod position, difficulty swallowing, strider, and drooling what is the dx and what do you do?
Epiglottis and immediate intubation
Pt PE finding of TM w/ grayish fluid?
OM w/ effusion
Pt with hx of atopic dermatitis has an increase risk for?
Allergic rhinitis
Tx for paroxysmal SVT?
Adenosine
Tx for rheumatic fever?
- Penicillin G
- Anti-inflammatory: Aspirin (2-6 weeks with taper) +/- corticosteroids in severe cases & carditis
- Prevention is the most important therapeutic course – therefore all patients should be treated w/ abx
How do you dx VSD?
Echo
Txs for impetigo?
Mupirocin (Bactroban) - topical
PCN or macrolide - severe
Amoxicillin is second line
Signs of dermatitis?
candidal satellite lesions
What do you do when a pt comes in with Hidradenitis suppurativa?
I&D and discuss hygiene
Difference between SJS and TEN?
More surface area in TEN than SJS and TEN is complete separation and requires immediate hospital admission
DKA tx?
Regular insulin, fluids, potassium, glucose
How do you dx a pt with DM?
A1c > 6.5
Fasting >126
Random >200
S/Sxs of allergic rhinitis
Sneezing, watery nasal d/c, red watery eyes, itchy eyes, sore throat, nasal congestion, allergic shines, dennie lines
Sign of strabismus?
Childs right eye tuning inward
Tx for GERD?
PPI, antacids, H2 blocker
What does vitamin C deficiency cause?
Scurvy
Nonbilious projectile vomiting, small mass palpated in abdomen?
Pyloric stenosis
Dx and tx for pinworms?
Albendazole, scotch tape test, nocturnal itching, feco oral transmission, school aged children.
Fish tank has what bacteria growing in it?
Mycobacterium
Dx test for mono?
Monospot
Scaphoid fx complication?
Avascular necrosis
What is a dx study and what is the only definitive dx of meconium ileus in hirschsprung?
Anorectal manometry
Bx of rectum is only definitive dx study
S/sxs of hirschsprung?
Failure to relax segment, lack of nerve inner action, bolius vomiting, abdominal distention, failure to pass in 48 hrs.
Coarctation of aorta is commonly seen in who?
Pts w/ Turners syndrome
Pts with long spider fingers have what?
Marfans
S/Sx of congenital varicella syndrome?
Cicatricial skin rash, neuro deficits, limb hypertrophy
What causes congenital varicella syndrome?
Maternal varicella infection in the 1st 20 weeks of pregnancy
Tx for congenital varicella syndrome?
VZIG to the baby
S/Sxs of croup?
Inflammation 2/2 viral infection, upper airway infection, subglottic trachea and larynx swelling, barking cough, strider, hoarseness, dyspnea
MCC of croup?
Parainfluenza virus type 1
What are the white spots on skin after sunbathing? and what is the tx?
Tinea versicolor
Topical Selenium sulfide
When does the umbilical cord fall off?
1-2 wks
Tx for diaper dermatitis?
Wash w/ soap, change wipes etc. And Nystain if conservative tx does not work
Tx for diaper rash that appears to be impetigo?
Mupirocin
S/Sx of molluscum contagiosum?
Single or multiple dome shape fleshed color pearly white waxy papules, central umbilication, curd like material may be expressed from lesions if they are squeezed.
Causative agent for molluscum contagiosium?
Poxviridae family
What is the most useful s/s for autism diagnosis?
Lack of speech
Tx for pyelonephritis?
Cipro
What is downs associated with?
Hirschsprung and ASD/VSD
Child begins choking and wheezing what would the dx and therapeutic tx be?
- Foreign body
- Rigid Bronchoscopy
Weak legs and diminish femoral poses compared to brachial pulse?
COA
What causes bronchiolitis?
RSV
S/Sx of anal fissures?
Blood in stool
S/Sx of TBI?
Retinal Hemorrhages
Rheumatic fever dx lab findings?
- Elevated CRP and ESR
- Elevated/increased streptococcal antibody titers
- Antistreptolysin O (ASO titer) [ESSENTIAL for Dx]
- Anti-DNase B
What is 5th disease?
Erythema infectiosum
Fever malaise and extensive target lesions is what?
SJS
Tx for OM?
Amoxicillin
Allergy: azythromycin
What lab results are seen with Hemophilia A?
Increased aPTT w/ normal thrombin time
Tx for nail fungus?
Terbinafine
OE vs OM?
Pulling on pinna hurts in OE.
What vaccines do you give a child who’s been bitten by a fox?
Human diploid vaccine and tetanus toxoid
Boot shape heart?
TOF
Cystic fibrosis diagnosis test?
Sweat chloride test
HOCM treatment?
BB or CCB
Why do you treat strabismus?
To avoid amblyopia
Sunscreen indications?
Wear a brimmed hat
What HR does anorexia cause?
Bradycardia
Cystic fibrosis pts have the inability to do what?
Pass meconium
Dx study for satellite lesion?
KOH and scrape test
MCC of asthma?
Dust mites
Child breathing is inconsistent what dx test should you do?
Sweat chloride test
Genetically, what category is cystic fibrosis?
Autosomal recessive increases viscosity of respiratory secretion.
Pt with OM but irregular lung exam what do you treat with?
Augmentin
Recurrent strep (3x) what do you suggest?
Remove tonsils
Narrowing of trachea is a sign of what?
Croup
ESBV can cause what?
Splenomegaly
Pt with lupus now has joint pain?
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
What is the dx of thickening of tibia tuberosity?
Osgood Schlatter dz
What should you warn pt about when taking Fluoxetine?
Suicide
Video gamer sits in room in closed curtain and bad diet likely what vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin D
Gingival bleeding is a sign of what?
Vitamin C def. - Scurvy
What is the dx of white flat linear lines of planar and thighs?
Lichen striatus
Tx for balding of head and tinea capitis?
Griseofulvin
Tinea corporis means?
Body fungus
Pt presents with abdominal pain, lethargy, URI x2 wks, rapid deep breathing what do you check first?
Serum glucose
Pt has seizure sxs, dysarthria, weakness in extremities how do you treat?
Phenobarbital
Angulated clavicle fracture how do you treat?
Figure 8 bandage
Bronchiolitis, O2 stat at 86% how do you treat?
Give O2
TOF tried knee flex position what do you do next?
Digoxin
Atopic dermatitis now has purulent d/c, gram + bacteria, how do you treat?
Mupirocin
What is lichen striae?
Dull red flesh colored macule that come together to form white lines
Meningococcemia presentation, what do you need to give this pt if IV ceftriaxone and PCN is not an option?
IM Cefriaxone
Breast milk, jaundice what needs to be supplemented?
Iron
Obese child what is a common injury?
SCFE
What will you see on PE with osgood Schlatter’s dz? and what is the tx?
Pain with extension and TTP along tibial tuburcle
- RICE, NSAIDs, quadriceps stretching, knee immobilization – most sxs resolve within 12-24 months
Testicular torsion presentation, what is pathognomonic?
Vomiting
Pt is grunting premie, tachycardia, tachypneic, cynotic. What is likely dx?
Hyaline membrane dz
Rotavirus is associated with what?
Intussesception
Child presents with RUQ pain, fever, and vomiting what is the dx? And what would you observe on PE?
Pneumonia
Crackles in lower lung fields
Genetically, what is Marfans categorized as?
Autosomal dominant
Tx of molluscum?
Imiquimod
PE finding for osteosarcoma?
Palpable soft tissue mass
Bruising in what area would you think abuse?
Lateral neck
First line tx for joint pain in pt with rheumatoid?
NSAID
What infant practice decreased risk for allergy?
Breastfeeding
4 yo who has hit all milestones but is now standing funny and has a weird gait what is likely dx?
Muscular dystrophy
What do you tell a pt who is talking Griseofulvin for tinea capitis?
Take with milk or ice cream
PDA is an abnormal connection between what?
Aorta and pulmonary artery
OE treatment, if not given ciprodex?
Ofloxacin topical and Cortisporin ear drops
How do you help a child with acute resp distress 2/2 TOF?
Knee to chest position and administer IV morphine and IV propranolol.
Cheapest way to dx structural ear problem?
Otoscopy, Weber, rinne
Tx for allergic rhinitis?
Intranasal corticosteroids
Tx for OM?
Amoxicillin
Preaurticular redness, postauricular swelling, and otitis external symptoms (pain on pinna) are all signs of what?
Mastoiditis
MCC of mastoiditis?
Strep Pneumo
Rooting reflex?
Stoke babies cheek or lip and they turn that way and make sucking (rooting) motion with mouth.
-disappears around 2-3 months
Tx for battery already in stomach?
Endoscopic removal and gastric lavage
Overweight and big liver means?
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Myeloblastic on peripheral smear, what is the next step?
Bone marrow biopsy
Down syndrome baby with bulging intestine what do you dx with?
Hirschsprung
Tx for enuresis?
DDAVP (desmopressin)
Big tongue is a sign of what?
Congenital hypothyroidism
CSF that has normal glucose and meningeal sign is what?
Viral
Playing with a cat now has crusted leaky ulcer and lymphadenopathy, what is causative agent?
Atypical mycoplasma
Treatment for pt with uvula deviation and is dx with peritonsillar abscess?
I&D
Kid is laying down with mouth open and does not want to move, you suspect?
Epiglottis
MMR vaccine is given when?
12 - 15 mo
Scabies treatment?
Oil immersion and Permethrin topical
How do you prevent scabies recurrence?
Tx the whole family
Treatment for pertussis?
Macrolide
Child has encopresis what else do you suspect?
ODD
Murmur associated with VSD is heard where?
LLSB
Girl was at the beach now has hypo-pigmented areas on forehead and back, what is the dx?
Tinea versicolor
When do you start scoliosis tx?
Cobb angle at 20 degrees
What age do eyes align?
6 month
Sore throat, treated with amoxicillin now has a rash what do you do next?
Check EBV titers
How do you diagnoses mastoiditis?
CT scan
What murmur does not need prophylaxis treatment?
Physiologic murmur
Pt is 3 mos old and had asymmetrical hip folds and + Barlow and ortolani sign how do you treat?
Pelvic Harness
Salmon patch/harald patch/christmas tree?
Pityriasis rosea
CF pt sweat chloride test >60 2 times what’s else do you see on PE?
Greasy stool (steatorrhea)
Obese and depressed child what do you treat with?
Bupropion (wellbutrin)
Full term infant with respiratory distress, not handling secretions, and choking. What are next steps?
Endotracheal intubation
MC cause of endocarditis?
IVDA
Tricuspid valve endocarditis is likely d/t?
IVDA
Pt presents with family hx of hemarthrosis what does the pt have and what do the labs show?
Hemophilia A and increased a PTT
15 year old boy presents with cough and fever the dx is what and how do you treat?
Mycoplasma PNA and macrolide
Tx for encopresis
DDVAP
Pt w/ abdominal dissension and meconium lieus what is the likely diagosis?
Hirschsprung
What is the causative agent for epiglottis?
Haem. Influenza
Rubella can cause what?
Hearing impairment
Baby born with bilateral cataracts what do you need to check for?
Neonatal infection
- may be congenital rubella syndrome
What is associated with TOF?
- RVH
- Digital clubbing
- Cynosis
4 circular rashes all ranging in size scaling and pruritic?
Tinea corporis
What is checked at well visits to check for cognitive impairments?
Lead level
Dx study for pyloric stenosis?
Dynamic and stable US
Baby with truncal obesity and mild hirsutism what should you check for?
Check cortisol levels
Conduct disorder can lead to?
ADHD or antisocial
How do you treat influenza A?
oseltamivir
Baby has insoluble cry and blood in stool?
Intussusception
Hyaline membrane disease pathophysiology?
Decreased surfactant and respiratory failure
18 mo old baby and his sister come in with fever and cough, likely dx?
Bacterial pna
Pt has amoxicillin allergy, what do you use instead?
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Clindamycin Cephalosporins
1-5 yr old should consume no more than 16-24 oz of cows milk why?
Prevention of IDA
5 yr old girl with cystitis, fever, irritability and not eating for the past 2 days. She was given bactrim now has bullae on body and has epidermal detachment what is the dx and what do you do?
TENS and admit to hospital
What is seen on PE with pts with post step glomerulonephritis?
HTN
Preterm neonate with lethargy, apnea, poor feeding, fever, and hypotonia. Likely dx?
Bacterial Sepsis
Lab test for rheumatic fever?
CRP and ESR (will be elevated)
WBC (leukocytotis)
Measles vaccine schedule?
First dose at 12-15mo and second dose at 4-6 yrs of age
Bilateral eye irritation with copious purulent d/c x1 day, no visual changes. Likely dx? And MC causative agent?
Bacterial conjunctivitis and strep pneumoniae.
What type of shunt is VSD? And what murmur is heard?
- Hole in ventral septum, associated with left-to-right.
- High pitch harsh holosystolic murmur.
S/Sxs of ASD?
Recurrent respiratory infection, failure to thrive, dyspnea on exertion
Where is the murmur of ASD heard and what does it sound like?
- Pulmonic area - LUSB
- Systolic ejection crescendo-decrescendo, wide fixed split S1 that does not vary with respiration’s.
Where is the murmur for PDA heard and what does it sound like?
- Pulmonic area LUSB
- Continuous machine like, wide pulse pressure bounding peripheral pulses, loud S2
S/Sxs of COA?
Bilateral claudication, dyspnea on exertion, and syncope.
-neonatal prevention: failure to thrive and poor feeding 1-2 wks after birth.
Dx finding and management for COA?
- CXR: posterior rib notching.
- corrective surgery and prostaglandin E1 (Alprostadil) preoperatively to stabilize condition
What murmur is heard with TOF and where is it heard?
- Harsh systolic murmur
- left mid to upper seternal border.
What are S/Sx of HOCM?
Dyspnea, fatigue, angina, presyncope, dizziness, arrhythmias
In a pt with HOCM you will hear an increased in murmur intensity when pt does what?
Valsalva or standing d/t decrease venous return
In a pt with HOCM you hear a decrease in murmur intensity when the pt does what?
Squats, supine or leg raise d/t increased venous return.
What heart sound may be heard in HOCM?
Loud S4 gallop w/ apical lift.
EKG finding in HOCM?
LVH and dagger like q-waves.
What is the criteria for constipation?
Infrequent BM <2/week, straining, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, sensation of anorectal blockage w/ 25% of BMs.
What is the tx options for constipation?
- Fiber (20-25g)
- Bulk forming laxatives: Psyllium, Methyl cellulose, Polycarbophil, Wheat dextran
- Osmotic laxatives: Polyethylene glycol (PEG), lactulose, sorbitol, saline laxative (milk of magnesia)
- Stimulant laxatives: Bisacodyl, senna
What is the MOA of Bulk forming laxatives?
Absorbs water and increased fecal mass
MOA of stimulant laxatives?
Acetylcholine-regulated GI motility (Peristalsis)
What vaccine do you get at birth?
Hep B
What vaccines do you get at 2 mos?
(B DR HIP)
- Hep B
- DTap
- Rota
- H. Influenza
- IPV (polio)
- Pneumo
What vaccines do you get at 4 mos?
(DR. HIP)
- DTap
- Rota
- H. Influenza
- IPV (polio)
- Pneumo
What vaccines do you get at 6 mos?
(B DR HIPI)
- Hep B
- DTap
- Rota
- H. Influenza
- Pneumo
- Influenza
What vaccines do you get at 1-1.5 yrs of age?
(1 MAD HPV)
- MMR
- Hep A
- DTap
- H. Influenza
- Pneumo
- Varicella
What vaccines do you get at 4-6 yrs of age?
(4 VERY DIM)
- Varicella,
- DTap
- IPV
- MMR
What vaccines do you get at 11-12 years of age?
(TADA HUMAN MEN)
- Tdap
- Human papilloma virus
- Meningococcal
What vaccine do you get at 16-18 yrs?
(MEN)
- Meningococcal booster
What murmur is heard with COA and where?
- Late systolic ejection murmur/continuous
- Radiating to the left back, left scapula, or chest heard in aortic area.
MC physiologic functional heart murmur (incident murmur-intensity less than grade 3 crescendo-decrescendo pattern and normal second heart sound)
Pulmonary flow murmur
d/t small size of branched pulmonary arteries d/t the lung receiving only 15% of CO during fetal development
What is the catarrhal phase in pertussis?
URI sxs lasting 1-2 wks (most contagious at this time)
What is the Paroxysmal phase of pertussis?
Severe paroxysmal coughing fit w/ inspiratory whooping sound, after coughing fits may have post emesis lasting 2-4 wks.
What is the convalescent phase of pertussis?
Resolution of cough (cough may last up to 6 weeks)
When is the best time to culture through nasal swab in a pt w/ pertussis?
Between 1-2 weeks (Catarrhal phase)
RSV is the MCC cause of what?
Lower respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis.
Neonate born w/ hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, continuous machinery-like murmur, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss & thrombocytopenia [Blueberry muffin rash]
Congenital rubella syndrome
S/Sx of OM? and what is the MC causative agent?
Decreased TM mobility, Fever, otalgia, ear tugging, bulging TM.
- Strep pneumo
S/Sx of croup? and MC causative agent?
- Harsh, “seal-like barking” cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, dyspnea, low-grade fever – sxs often worse @ night
- Parainfluenza virus type I
Child with a barking cough IM tx not an option what do you give?
PO prednisone
Mid diastolic rumbling murmur heard best at LLSB is caused by what?
Mitral valve stenosis (VSD) or the tricuspid valves stenosis (ASD).
MC seizure in children? and what is the tx?
- Absence
- Ethosuximide
What temp causes febrile seizures?
> 38C with absence of CNS infection or inflammation
RSV is the MCC of what?
Lower respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, and bronchiolitis
SCFE presentation and tx?
- Children 8-16 years, obese, African Americans, males during adolescent growth spurt, externally rotated leg, and painful limp.
- Non-weight bearing with crutches followed by internal fixation with pinning
What medication would you prescribe to a male pt presenting with UTI?
- 1st line: Nitrofurantoin or Bactrim
- 2nd line: Fluoroquinolones (use 1st-line if sulfa allergy/↑ resistance patterns], Cephalosporins, or Cefpodoxime
Sensori Neural hearing loss weber and rinne findings?
- Weber: lateralization to normal ear
- Rinne: air > bone
Conductive hearing loss weber and rinne findings?
- Weber: lateralization to abnormal ear
- Rinne: bone > air
TM perforation weber and rinne findings?
- Weber lateralization to affected ear
- Rinne bone > air
When does physiological jaundice occur?
Presents on days 3-5
- bilirubin levels fall in about 50% of the neonates during the first week of life
What is Dubin-Johnson Syndrome?
Isolated conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemi
What is Crigler-Najjar Syndrome?
Hereditary unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia - no UGT activity, autosomal recessive
What is Gilbert Syndrome?
Hereditary unconjugated (indirect) hyperbilirubinemia occurs during stress, fasting, alcohol, or illness
- Reduced UGT activity
- normal LFTs
What is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children due to ischemia of capital femoral epiphysis – usually unilateral
S/Sxs of Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
- Painless limping for weeks (worsen @ the end of the day)
- Hip, thigh, knee or groin pain
- Restricted ROM (loss of abduction & internal rotation)
How do you dx and treat Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease?
- XR: (+) Crescent sign, increased density of the femoral epiphysis
- activity restriction, Physical therapy, abduction brace/cast
S/Sxs of phimosis and how do you treat?
- Inability to retract the foreskin over the glans
- Proper hygiene, stretching exercises, 4-8 weeks of topical betamethasone cream BID/TID, Definitive: circumcision
Presentation of scarlet fever?
- Fever, chills, pharyngitis, tender adenopathy
- Rash: diffuse erythema that blanches with pressure + multiple small (1-2mm) popular elevations w/ a *sandpaper texture
- Circumoral pallor & strawberry tongue
Tx for scarlet fever?
- Penicillin G or VK = first line
- Amoxicillin
- Macrolides if penicillin-allergic
What is Reyes syndrome?
Fulminant hepatitis in children given ASA after a viral infection
S/Sxs of Reyes syndrome?
- Rash (hands & feet), intractable vomiting, liver damage, encephalopathy, dilated pupils with minimal response to light & multi-organ failure
aside from strabismus what else can cause amblyopia?
- Astigmatism
- Deprivation (ex. cararact)
Lab findings for hashimotos?
- Thyroid peroxidase antibodies
- Thyroglobulin antibodies
- Increased TSH
- Decreased free T4 or T3
Systemic tx for children with moderate to severe eczema?
Cyclosporine
Topical steroid alternative tx used for eczema?
Topical calcineurin inhibitors: Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus
Mom with hearing loss what test should be considered?
- Auditory evoked potential test
- Auditory brainstem response
Child w/ diplopia, cranial malformations, the issue with eye causing it to be stuck inferior laterally. Where is the issue in the brain or eye? What does pt have?
- Eye?
- Strabismus/ 6th nerve palsy
- Treat with antibiotic and steroids
S/Sx of pityriasis rosacea and tx?
- Rash confined to trunk and proximal extremities w/ spared face, palms, and soles
- watchful waiting 3-8 weeks disappears spontaneously
S/Sx of Hashimotos?
- Decreased metabolic rate, (+) cold, loss of outer 1/3 of eyebrow, goiter, nonpitting edema (myxedema), fatigue, decreased DTR, hoarseness of voice, and bradycardia
What is pityriasis alba?
Scaly patches. These patches resolve leaving areas of scaling hypo-pigmentation, or lighter coloration.
- differs from tinea versicolor because it does not contain fungal elements
Side effect of lamotrigine (Lamictil)?
SJS/TEN
Child w/ short statue will grow how much in 3-4 yrs while on growth hormone therapy?
- 3 to 4 inches??
- 7-10 cm??
Corkscrew intestine what is the tx?
Emergency lap - Ladd procedure
Macroglossia, coarse facial features, umbilical hernia, hypotonia (decreased DTRs) are signs of what dx?
Congenital hypothyroidism (Cretinism)
EKG finding of ventricular ectopy (PVCs)?
Premature beats
Girl with pitting and yellow nails?
Nail Psorisias
Pneumonia tx?
Azithromycin (macrolides)
Pathophysiology of psoriasis?
Hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate
What is epididymitis?
- Inflammation of the tube at the back of the testicle that stores and carries sperm caused by a bacterial or STI
- Pain and swelling in the testicle
Types of sensorineural hearing loss that also causes tinnitus?
- Presbycusis
- Chronic loud noise exposure
- CNS lesions (acoustic neuroma)
- Labyrinthitis
- Meniere syndrome
What should a 12 month be able to do in teams of motor language and social?
- Stands
- Says Mama and dada
- Reads picture book
What clinical manifestations are seen in Down syndrome?
- low-set small ears, flat facial profile, flat nasal bridges, open mouth, protruding tongue, upslanting palpebral
fissures, folded/dysplastic ears, brachycephalic, prominent epicanthal folds, excessive skin @ the nape of the neck, short neck, almond-shaped eyes, Brushfield spots (white, gray or brown spots on the iris), singular palmar crease (Simian crease)
Pt is 8 pounds at birth how much should he weigh by 4mos?
Babies double their weight by 5 mos. This baby should be around 14-15 pounds.
Topical antibiotic tx for bacterial conjunctivitis?
Erythromycin ointment