Peds Chest Flashcards
1
Q
neonatal –> medical resp distress –> ddx? (4)
A
- resp distress synd
- transient tachypnea of the newborn
- meconium aspiration
- neonatal PNA/sepsis
2
Q
neonatal resp distress –> MCC?
A
transient tachypnea of the newborn
3
Q
risk factor for TTN? (3)
A
- C-section
- maternal DM
- maternal sedation
4
Q
TTN –> imaging appearance?
A
pulm edema
5
Q
neonatal resp distress –> CXR demonstrates pulm edema –> ddx? (2)
A
- TTN
- neonatal PNA
6
Q
resp distress synd –> imaging appearance?
A
- hazy opacities
- decreased lung vol
7
Q
RDS –> intubation –> possible complication?
A
pulm interstitial emphysema
8
Q
pulm interstitial emphysema –> imaging appearance
A
- hyperinflation
- many small cysts
9
Q
pulm interstitial emphysema –> MOA?
A
barotrauma –> immature alveoli rupture –> air into interstitial space
10
Q
resp distress synd –> how long does it last?
A
few days - 1 wk
11
Q
resp distress synd –> >1wk –> what condition?
A
bronchopulm dysplasia (chronic lung dz of prematurity)
12
Q
bronchopulm dysplasia –> definition?
A
36 post-conceptual wks or 28 days of life:
- abnormal CXR
- persistent O2 need
13
Q
bronchopulm dysplasia –> imaging appearance?
A
- hyperinflate
- coarse opacities
- round lucencies
14
Q
neonatal –> meconium aspiration –> pre-term or full term?
A
full/post term
15
Q
meconium aspiration –> imaging appearance?
A
- hyperinflate
- ropy coarse interstitial opacities
16
Q
meconium aspiration –> increased risk for? (2)
A
- barotrauma
- PTX
17
Q
when present with resp distress?
- resp distress synd
- transient tachypnea of the newborn
- meconium aspiration
- neonatal PNA/sepsis
A
- resp distress synd: immed
- transient tachypnea of the newborn: immed
- meconium aspiration: immed
- neonatal PNA/sepsis: hrs-days
18
Q
neonatal PNA/sepsis –> possible complication?
A
pneumatocele
19
Q
congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> complication?
A
pulm hypoplasia
20
Q
congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> MC location?
A
L Bochdalek
21
Q
congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> key imaging finding?
A
thoracic mass –> mediastinal shift
22
Q
congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> assoc condition? (3)
A
- malrotation
- neural tube defect
- congenital heart dz
23
Q
congenital diaphragmatic hernia –> what % assoc w bowel malrotation?
A
95%
24
Q
what are the 7 types of bronchopulm foregut malformation?
A
- congenital lobar emphysema
- bronchial atresia
- bronchogenic cyst
- congenital pulm airway malformation (CPAM)
- sequestration
- scimitar synd
- pulm AVM
25
congenital lobar emphysema --> MCC?
bronchomalacia --> airway collapse w expiration --> hyperinflate
26
congenital lobar emphysema --> MC lobe affected?
upper or middle
27
bronchial atresia --> when does it present?
adult
28
bronchial atresia --> pathophys?
focal obliteration of proximal bronchus --> distal bronchus filled w mucus --> hyperinfalte
29
bronchial atresia --> MC lobe?
LUL
30
bronchial atresia --> imaging appearance?
- proximal focal tubular-shaped opacity radiating from the hilum
- distal hyperlucent lung
31
what is congenital pulm airway malformation (CPAM)?
hamartomatous multicystic masses of segmental lung tissue with abnormal bronchial proliferation
32
congenital pulm airway malformation (CPAM) --> possible complicaiton?
infection
33
what is pulm sequestration?
aberrant lung tissue w systemic blood supply
34
pulm sequestration --> key imaging finding?
systemic arterial vessel
35
pulm sequestration --> MC lobe?
LLL
36
pulm sequestration --> types?
- extralobar
| - intralobar
37
pulm sequestration --> extralobar vs intralobar --> venous drainage?
- extralobar: systemic venous drainage
| - intralobar: pulm
38
what is scimitar synd?
partial anomalous pulm venous return: RLL pulm veins --> R atrium or IVC
39
scimitar synd --> assoc w what other lung finding?
R lung --> hypoplasia & hyperlucent
40
bronchiolitis --> imaging findings?
- hyperinflate --> flattened diaphragms
| - increased peribronchial markings
41
what is bronchiolitis obliterans synd?
final common pathway of small ariway obstruction --> bronchiolar inflamm & peribronchial fibrosis --> luminal stenosis and occlusions
42
bronchiolitis obliterans synd --> assoc w what? (1)
pediatric lung & BM transplant (allogeneic)
43
bronchiolitis obliterans synd --> CXR appearance?
normal
44
bronchiolitis obliterans synd --> CT appearance? (3)
- mosaic perfusion
- peribronchial cuffing & bronchiectasis
- air trapping on expiration
45
bronchiolitis obliterans synd --> complication?
Swyer-James-MacLeod synd
46
what is Swyer-James-MacLeod synd
bronchiolitis obliterans synd --> abnormal pulm developmt --> unilat lung vol loss & hyperlucent
47
Swyer-James-MacLeod synd --> key imaging finding?
unilat small hyperlucent lung
48
Swyer-James-MacLeod synd --> MC organism etiology?
adenovirus
49
what is organizing pneumonia?
granulation tissue --> fill bronchioles & alveoli
50
what is cryptogenic organizing pneumonia?
organizing PNA of unknown cause/idiopathic
51
organizing pneumonia --> etiology? (3)
- infx
- drug rxn
- inhalation
52
organizing pneumonia --> imaging appearance?
- multifocal GGO/consolidation --> migratory
| - nodules
53
organizing pneumonia --> multifocal consolidation --> distribution?
peripheral, peribronchovascular
54
what is reverse halo (atoll) sign? indicates what condition?
central lucency --> surrounding GGO
organizing PNA
55
unilat hyperlucent lung --> ddx? (6)
- endobronchial FB
- PTX
- Swyer-James-McLedo
- congenital lobar emphysema
- CPAM
- Poland synd
56
Poland synd --> synd? (2)
- unilat partial/complete absence of pect major
| - hand/arm anomaly (ie short metacarpal, syndactyly)
57
pediatric --> ant med mass --> ddx? (3)
- normal thymus
- lymphoma
- germ cell tumor
58
pediatric --> middle med mass --> ddx? (3)
- duplication cyst
- neurenteric cyst
- LAD
59
pediatric --> post med mass --> ddx? (3)
neurogenic tumor:
- neuroblastoma
- ganglioneuroblastoma
- ganglioneuroma
60
what is spinnaker sail sign?
pneumomediastinum --> thymus lift off mediastinum
61
normal large thymus --> what age?
<5yo
62
scimitar synd --> synd? (3)
- partial anomalous pulm venous return
- hypoplastic R lung
- RLL systemic arterial supply
63
recent pharyngitis --> SOB --> CT --> mult scattered nodules --> dx?
septic emboli
64
recent pharyngitis --> septic emboli --> next step? why?
US neck vein --> eval for jug V thrombus (septic thrombophlebitis)
65
septic thrombophlebitis --> RF? (2)
- recent pharyngeal infx
| - recent ENT procedure
66
recent pharyngitis --> septic thrombophlebitis --> next step?
CT chest --> eval for septic emboli
67
what is Lemierre synd?
recent pharyngeal infx --> septic thrombophlebitis + septic emboli
68
Lemierre synd --> septic emboli --> org?
fusobacterium necrophorum
69
unilat dilated jug V --> dx?
phlebectasia
70
phlebectasia --> MOA? stenosis? change size w Valsalva?
- idiopathic
- no stenosis
- enlrg w Valsalva
71
vasc malformation --> low flow --> ddx? (2)
- venous malformation
| - lymphatic malformation
72
differentiate: venous vs lymphatic malformation -->
- imaging appearance?
- enhancemt?
- fluid level?
- phlebolith?
venous malformation:
- lrg transpatial multicystic mass
- cystic spaces --> enhance
- can fluid levels
- phlebolith
lymphatic malformation:
- lrg transpatial multicystic mass
- septa --> enhance
- can fluid levels
- no phlebolith
73
lungs --> hyperinflate --> #ribs?
8 post
74
high vol + perihilar streaky --> ddx? (2)
MNoP:
- Meconium aspiration
- Non GB neonatal Pneumonia
75
not high vol + granular --> ddx? (2)
- RDS
| - grp B PNA
76
TTN --> natural course?
onset 6hr --> peak 1day --> resolved 3 day old
77
TTN --> lung vol?
- normal
| - inc
78
differentiate: RDS vs B-hemolytic PNA --> CXR findings
RDS:
- low lung vol
- granular opacity
- no pleural eff
B-hemolytic PNA:
- low lung vol
- granular opacity
- pleural eff
79
RDS --> surfactant replacement tx --> potential complication? (2)
- pulm hemorrhage
| - PDA
80
neonatal PNA --> non GBS --> imaging findings?
- lung vol
- opacity
- eff?
- hyperinflat
- perihilar --> patchy --> asymm
- eff
81
persistent pulm HTN --> MOA?
in utero high pulm pressure --> NOT decrease after birth
82
persistent pulm HTN --> etiology? (2)
- 1ary
| - 2ary: meconium aspiration, PNA, etc
83
bronchopulm dysplasia --> permanent or can resolve?
can resolve
