Peds diagnosis - Common Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Peds diagnosis - Common Deck (94)
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1
Q

Asymptomatic –> GI symptoms and resolution –> hepatic necrosis (jaundice, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis) –> resolution, liver failure, death

A

Acetaminophen toxicity

2
Q

Patient with fever, ear pain, decreased hearing

A

Acute otitis media

3
Q

Microcytic anemia, normal Hct/RDW/RBC count, target cells on smear, normal iron, normal Hgb electrophoresis

A

alpha-thalassemia minor

4
Q

Persistent nasal drainage, congestion and cough of >10 days

A

Bacterial sinusitis

5
Q

Microcytic anemia, normal Hct/RDW/RBC count, target cells on smear, normal iron, elevated Hgb A2 on electrophoresis

A

beta-thalassemia minor

6
Q

Bowed legs, beaking of proximal tibial epiphysis

A

Blount disease

7
Q

Constipation, poor feeding, progressive hypotonia, weakness, loss of DTRs, and respiratory difficulties

A

Botulism in the GI tract (live bug)

8
Q

Fever, severe headaches at night or in the morning, focal neurologic changes in the setting of otitis media, sinusitis, dental infection or bacteremia

A

Brain abscess

9
Q

Male patient asymp. until 6 mos., then recurrent pyogenic infections, decreased all antibodies and decreased B cells

A

Burtons (X-linked) agammaglobulinemia

10
Q

Cherry red skin and retinal hemorrhages, tachycardia, tachypnea

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

11
Q

Distant heart sounds, distended jugular veins, hypotension

A

Cardiac tamponade

12
Q

Movement and posture disorders, epilepsy, abnormalities of vision, speech, intellect

A

Cerebral palsy

13
Q

Recurrent infections early in life, especially with Staph aureus, neutrophils filled with bacteria

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

14
Q

Asymp. until 6 mos., then recurrent pyogenic infections, decreased all antibodies and normal B cells

A

Common variable immunodeficiency

15
Q

Female neonate with virilization of genitalia, salt-wasting (sx of severe dehydration) and increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

16
Q

Neonatal respiratory distress, pulmonary hypoplasia, left-sided, polyhydramnios, barrel-shaped chest, absent breath sounds on one side

A

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)

17
Q

Newbornw with chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications

A

Congenital toxoplasmosis

18
Q

Boy w/ sx of increased ICP, bitemporal hemianopsia, calcified lesion above sella turcica (sx of hypothyroidism and GH deficiency also present)

A

Craniopharyngioma

19
Q

Stridor with barky cough, fever, rhinorrhea, congestion

A

Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

20
Q

Rising blood pressure, irregular respiration, falling heart rate

A

Cushing’s triad = increased ICP

21
Q

Cardiac defects, abnormal faces, thymic hypoplasia (T-cell dysfunction), cleft palate, hypocalcemia

A

DiGeorge syndrome (CATCH-22)

22
Q

Neonate with atlantoaxial subluxation, AV canal defect (endocardial cushions), hearing loss, hypothyroidism, duodenal atresia, pulmonary HTN

A

Down Syndrome

23
Q

Bradycardia, fixed and dilated ipsilateral pupil, contralateral hemiparesis

A

Early signs of brain herniation

24
Q

Tired patient with pharyngitis, malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy, tonsillar exudates (polymorphous rash after amoxicillin)

A

EBV Infectious Mono

25
Q

High fever, rapid airway obstruction, muffled speech, thumbprint sign on radiology

A

Epiglottitis

26
Q

Long face, large ears, large testes, behavioral abnormalities, CGG nucleotide repeats in FMR1 gene

A

Fragile X syndrome

27
Q

Neurologic (ataxia, dysarthria), skeletal (scoliosis, foot deformities) and cardiac (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)

A

Friedrich ataxia

28
Q

BIlateral leg pain at night, no limitation of activity, normal physical exam

A

Growing pains

29
Q

Viral infection followed by ascending motor polyneuropathy within 7 days, high protein in CSF

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

30
Q

Bloody diarrhea followed by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure

A

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)

31
Q

Hemarthroses, soft tissue hematoma, prolonged aPTT, low factor VIII, normal platelets

A

Hemophilia

32
Q

Easy bruising, excessive bleeding, recurrent joint swelling (hemarthroses), family history

A

Hemophilia A or B

33
Q

Boy in winter with palpable purpura, arthritis, abdominal pain (GI bleeding/intussusception), renal disease, scrotal pain

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura

34
Q

Hematuria (renal disease), colicky abdominal pain, purpuric rash on lower extremities, arthritis, no TCP

A

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP)

35
Q

Pain and burning on dermatomal distribution followed by vesicular rash

A

Herpes zoster

36
Q

Exopthalmos, tachycardia, warm/flushed skin, nervousness/fine tremors, pubertal problems

A

Hyperthyroidism

37
Q

History of prolonged jaundice, poor feeding, lethargy, constipation, myxedema, short stature

A

Hypothyroidism

38
Q

Cough, RDS, localized CXR findings, recurrency, hemoptysis, digital clubbing, microcytic/hypochromic anemia, low serum Fe, dx w/ BAL

A

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

39
Q

Mild immunodeficiency (recurrent sinopulmonary and GI infections), anaphylactic transfusion rxns

A

IgA deficiency (also consider B-cell defect)

40
Q

Honey-colored crusts on the face, flaccid/easily-ruptured blisters, localized infection

A

Impetigo (Staph or GABHS infection)

41
Q

Fetal macrosomia, RDS, polycythemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia (loss of muscle tone), hyperbili, hypoglycemia

A

Infant of diabetic mother

42
Q

Fever, odynophagia/dysphagia, muffled voice, drooling, neck stiffness, inability to open mouth –> inability to extend neck, widened prevertebral space

A

Infection of larynx/pharynx –> Retropharyngeal abscess

43
Q

Colicky abdominal pain, red currant stool, sausage-shaped mass, target sign on ultrasound

A

Intussusception

44
Q

Ab pain, GI bleeding/shock, fever, leukocytosis –> resolution –> met. acid., circ. collapse, organ failure

A

Iron toxicity

45
Q

Microcytic anemia, excessive cow’s milk consumption (>24 oz./d), increased RDW

A

Iron-deficiency anemia

46
Q

Spindle-swelling of fingers, polyarthritis/pauciarticular, systemic (severe sx, rheumatoid rash, spiking fevers)

A

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

47
Q

Triad of situs inversus, chronic sinusitis and otitis media, bronchiectasis

A

Kartagener’s syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia)

48
Q

Stridor, worsens in supine position and improves in prone position

A

Laryngomalacia

49
Q

2-12 years old, painless limp

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (avascular necrosis of femoral head)

50
Q

High fever, rigidity of muscles, dark colored urine, metabolic and respiratory acidosis, arrhythmia, cyanosis following general anesthesia

A

Malignant Hyperthermia

51
Q

Bilious vomiting, crampy abdominal pain, abdominal distention, and the passage of blood and mucus in their stool

A

Malrotation and volvulus

52
Q

Cafe au lait spots in unilateral distribution, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty/hormone excess

A

McCune-Albright syndrome

53
Q

Asymptomatic intermittent abdominal pain, 2 years, male>female

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

54
Q

Severe headache of gradual onset associated with nauseas, vomiting, photophobia and a visual aura

A

Migraines

55
Q

Throbbing recurrent headache being the eyes, nonspecific associated symptoms,

A

Migraines

56
Q

Adolescent male with fever, malaise, parotitis, orchitis

A

Mumps

57
Q

Premature neonate with usual GI symptom, hypothermia, lethargy, air in bowel wall and portal venous air on radiology, leukocytosis and met. acid. on labs

A

Necrotizing enterocolitis

58
Q

Child less than 16, generalized edema, heavy proteinuria

A

Nephrotic syndrome (most likely minimal change disease)

59
Q

Cafe au lait spots, axillary freckling, hamartomas of the iris (Lisch nodule), nerve sheath tumor involving skin, bony lesions, optic glioma, family hx

A

Neurofibromatosis I

60
Q

Patient from closed population, with vomiting as primary symptom, short duration

A

Norovirus

61
Q

Overuse injury, repeated microfracture of tibial tubercle

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease

62
Q

Multiple fractures, decreased muscle tone, blue sclerae, hearing loss, opalescent teeth

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

63
Q

Sickle cell patient, focal joint pain, motion restriction, decreased hematocrit

A

Osteonecrosis

64
Q

Slapped-cheek rash that follows a viral prodrome, aplastic crises in sickle cell patients

A

Parvovirus B19

65
Q

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia and possibly death

A

Pellagra (Niacin/B3 deficiency)

66
Q

Posterior fossa malformation, hemangioma on face, arterial abnormalities, coarctation of aorta, eye abnormalities

A

PHACE syndrome

67
Q

Endocrine syndrome, intracranial HTN, Parinaud’s sign (paralysis of vertical gaze), Collier’s sign (eyelid retraction).

A

Pinealoma

68
Q

Anal/vaginal itching, insomnia/irritability/restlesness, abdominal pain/nausea

A

Pinworm (enterobiasis)

69
Q

Girl w/ sx of increased ICP, bitemporal hemianopsia, prolactinoma

A

Pituitary adenoma

70
Q

URI prodrome, herald lesion, christmas tree distribution

A

Pityriasis rosea

71
Q

Proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension after prodromal illness

A

Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis

72
Q

Oligohydramnios, bladder distension, bilateral hydroureters, bilateral hydronephrosis

A

Posterior urethral valves (PUV)

73
Q

Short fourth and fifth metacarpals, rounded facies, low serum Ca, high PO4, normal Vit. D, high PTH, signs of rickets

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (Albright’s dystrophy)

74
Q

Nausea, vomiting, headache, excitability, delirium, combativeness, hypoglycemia, liver failure, all preceded by influenza or varicella

A

Reye Syndrome (fatty liver with encephalopathy)

75
Q

Polyarthritis, chorea, carditis, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum (fever, arthralgia)

A

Rheumatic fever post-GABHS infection

76
Q

Rapid onset fever, headache, muscle pain, rash (outward –> inward spread)

A

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

77
Q

Infant with HIGH fever/irritability followed by erythematous, blanching maculopapular rash

A

Roseola (6th disease)

78
Q

1-3 day incubation, vomiting/diarrhea/dehydration, lasts 4-7 days

A

Rotavirus

79
Q

Mild sore throat, low-grade fever, diffuse maculopapular rash followed by swelling of wrists and red eyes, lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella

80
Q

Fever, diaphoresis, hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis with high anion gap metabolic acidosis

A

Salicylate toxicity

81
Q

Fever/pharyngitis, strawberry tongue, diffuse, erythematous rash with sandpaper quality, follows Pastia’s Lines

A

Scarlet fever (post-streptococcal rash)

82
Q

Involuntary, uncoordinated jerks of the arms and legs, hypotonia, emotional lability, milkmaid grip (sometimes after infections with GABHS)

A

Syndenham chorea

83
Q

Distended neck veins, decreased breath sounds, displaced trachea, hyperresonance to percussion

A

Tension pneumothorax

84
Q

Fatigue, peripheral and perioral cyanosis, systolic murmur along left sternal border, increase in loudness when squatting

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

85
Q

Erythematous ring of central clearing on extremities, hot/humid environment

A

Tinea corporis

86
Q

Motor and vocal tics, OCD behavior, hyperactivity/ADHD

A

Tourette syndrome

87
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart disease, left-axis deviation, LVH

A

Tricuspid atresia

88
Q

Cardiac tumors, infantile spasms, hypopigmented lesions, sebaceous adenomas, raised lesion on sacrum

A

Tuberous sclerosis

89
Q

Female with abnormal facies, short stature, short webbed neck, wide-spaced nipples, coarctation of the aorta

A

Turner Syndrome

90
Q

Fever/malaise prodrome, itchy rash, dewdrops on rose petal, lesions in different stages of healing

A

Varicella (chicken pox)

91
Q

Stridor before 1 year, improves with neck extension, associated with cardiac abnormalities

A

Vascular ring

92
Q

A patient that presents with low-grade fever, rhinorrhea, cough and sore throat

A

Viral URI

93
Q

Meningococcemia, purpuric lesions on flanks, vasomotor collapse

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome

94
Q

Boys with thrombocytopenia, eczema, increased susceptibility to infection (B-cell and T-cell dysfunction)

A

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome