Pelzer GI Exam 1

Question 1

What type of virus is Vesicular Stomatitis?

Answer 1

rhabdovirus

Question 2

How is vesicular stomatitis transmitted?

Answer 2

biting flies

Question 3

What is the cause of Malignant Catarrhal Fever?

Answer 3

Ovine Herpes Virus 1 and BUFFALO are the most susceptible

Question 4

What type of virus is Bluetongue?

Answer 4

Orbivirus

Question 5

How is Bluetongue transmitted?

Answer 5

biting flies

Question 6

What type of virus is Bovine Papular Stomatitis?

Answer 6

Parapox virus

Question 7

Is Bovine Papular Stomatitis Reportable??

Answer 7

no, not in and of itself; HOWEVER, YOU CANNOT Differentiate between it and FMD so you should.

Question 8

What type of virus is Orf?

Answer 8

Parapox virus

Question 9

What is the main species affected by Orf

Answer 9

Goats - small ruminants; affects the EXTERNAL surfaces of the mouth

Question 10

What are the foreign bodies of concern in California?

Answer 10

Grass Awns

Question 11

Culprit of Wooden Tongue?

Answer 11

Actinobacillus lignierisi

Question 12

Culprit of Lumpy Jaw?

Answer 12

Actinomyces bovis

Question 13

How could you Dx Wooden Tongue?

Answer 13

Sulfur granules in the NODULES in the tongue of Gram NEG rods

Question 14

How do you Tx Wooden Tongue?

Answer 14

IV Sodium Iodide and repeat in 7-10 days

Sulfas and Tetracyclines

Question 15

What is an adverse effect of Sodium Iodide treatment in cattle with Wooden Tongue?

Answer 15

Epiphora – excessive tear production
Flaky Skin
Cough

Question 16

How might you Dx Lumpy Jaw

Answer 16

Sulfur granules in pus from DRAINING Tracts due to osteomyelitis caused by A. bovis.

Question 17

Does the defect go away from Lumpy Jaw?

Answer 17

NO the osteomyelitis has remodeled the bone

Question 18

What would you first think of when you see swelling of the THROAT LATCH AREA?

Answer 18

Traumatic Pharyngitis

Question 19

What do you think if a cow is extending their neck?

Answer 19

Difficulty breathing –> Pneumonia or Choke

Question 20

When might you see more cases of choke?

Answer 20

Late Summer/Early Fall – when apples and pears are falling

Question 21

Clinical signs associated with choke?

Answer 21

BLOAT, anorexia, staggering, salivation, head thrashing, neck extension

Question 22

Where are the 3 places obstructions can occur?

Answer 22

1) Post-Pharyngeal
2) Thoracic Inlet
3) Heart Base

Question 23

Culprit of liver abscesses

Answer 23

Fusobacterium necrophorum*** and Truperella pyogenes

Question 24

When would you expect to see liver abscesses?

Answer 24

FEEDLOT because of Rumen ACIDOSIS

Question 25

How could you tell a cow's liver was painful?

Answer 25

PAIN on getting up and lying down. If it is enlarged it will HURT!

Question 26

What two conditions can result in Hepatic Lipidosis in ruminants?

Answer 26

Fat Cow Syndrome | Pregnancy toxemia

Question 27

What's so important about rumen contractions?

Answer 27

1) help move ingesta through GI tract | 2) help move the GAS around

Question 28

What is cud? Vomiting or regurgitation?

Answer 28

Regurgitation

Question 29

Primary contraction cycle

Answer 29

biphasic reticulum contraction dorsal sac then ventral sac omasal orifice opens allowing entry

Question 30

Secondary contraction cycle

Answer 30

for ERUCTATION | Caudal blind sac across the dorsal aspect of the rumen, pushing GAS down into the cardia = eructation

Question 31

How many contractions per minute normally?

Answer 31

3 - two primary and one secondary

Question 32

How often does a cow burp?

Answer 32

Every 2 minutes

Question 33

How does weather affect the cow's appetitie?

Answer 33

Digestion generates a lot of heat. If it's HOT they won't eat as much

Question 34

What is bloat?

Answer 34

rumenal tympany

Question 35

What are the 3 kinds of bloat?

Answer 35

Frothy Free gas - excessive gas and low pH Free gas - obstruction

Question 36

What physiologically causes bloat?

Answer 36

receptors in the cardia which when covered with water, ingesta or foam will inhibit eructation increased pressure, decreased contractions

Question 37

What causes FROTHY boat?

Answer 37

``` Lush pasture (soluble proteins cause BuBBle formation) High concentrate diets/grain diets (bacteria make mucoprotein slime and small particle size) ```

Question 38

What causes free-gas bloat?

Answer 38

Cardia is not cleared 1) High grain diet -> Inc VFA and low pH 2) HYPOCALCEMIA** 3) blockages/obstruction (esophagus, or postural)

Question 39

How do you prevent bloat?

Answer 39

Slow introduction to pasture Feed ionophores Feed dry hay before putting out Poloxelene blocks

Question 40

How do you treat bloat?

Answer 40

relieve the pressure | use soap for frothy bloat

Question 41

What is normal pH of rumen?

Answer 41

5.5

Question 42

What do front legs UNDER the cow mean?

Answer 42

Abdominal or Thoracic PAIN

Question 43

Where do we see hardware disease more often? Why?

Answer 43

DAIRY cattle, more regimented feeding and closer to hardware than beef that spend most of their time on pasture Only see in beef cattle if barn's have fallen down after a storm

Question 44

What does hardware disease present as?

Answer 44

Chronic poor doer/ADR, milk production down, painful presentation of legs under chest trying to take weight off Washing machine heart sounds/muffled heart sounds

Question 45

What is the GRUNT test?

Answer 45

rudimentary means of testing for PAIN -- Positive for Hardware

Question 46

What is the hallmark clinical sign of hardware disease?

Answer 46

washing machine sounds

Question 47

How can you treat hardware disease?

Answer 47

Fifth Rib resection - remove it and tack pericardium to the body wall and drain it OR Magnet, Abx (PPG for a week), confinement while elevating front end, fluids and transfaunate

Question 48

Hardware prevention?

Answer 48

magnets at 6-8 months of age

Question 49

Simple indigestion in cows

Answer 49

Upset, ADR then 24 hours later diarrhea and things get better

Question 50

Papple shape

Answer 50

VAGAL indigestion