People

Question 1

Dias

Answer 1

First to sail to the tip of South Africa

Question 2

Vasco De Gama

Answer 2

First to sail all the way from Europe to India

Question 3

Magellan

Answer 3

Portuguese sailor who organised expeditions for Spain

Almost completed the fist circumnavigation

Question 4

Columbus

Answer 4

Believed that you could get to Asia by going west (not an outlandish theory at the time)
Denied by Portugal because he asked for ships
Cartographers thought that he was underestimating the distance
Denied by England and Spain
Finally gets the men and ships he needs from Ferdinand and Isabelle (Spain)
Dies thinking that he made it to Asia when he really made it to the Caribbean

Question 5

Amerigo Vespucci

Answer 5

Italian working for the Spanish
First to figure out that south America is a separate continent
America is named after Amerigo

Question 6

John Cabot

Answer 6

Citizen of Venice
Looking for a northwest passage
Henry 7th and England
Financed by the Bristol Merchants (1 ship and 18 men)
Sailed to North America, first British claim
More voyages, sunk in a Hurricane

Question 7

Balboa

Answer 7

First to cross over panama and get to the Pacific

Question 8

Ponce de Leon

Answer 8

Spanish exploration of Florida

Question 9

Cortes

Answer 9

Large group, 600 men
Establishes Veracruz in Mexico
No official sanctions
Natives believed that he is a god (Quetzalcoatl)
Sinks all of his ships and forces his group to move on into Mexico
Finds a Mayan translator (a shipwrecked Spaniard)- very important to his success

Question 10

Marina

Answer 10

Given to Cortes

Speaks Mayan and the Aztec language

Question 11

The “fat Cacique”

Answer 11

Spanish word for leader

leader of Cempola

Question 12

Montezuma

Answer 12

Leader of present day Mexico (Aztec)
Seized and taken prisoner by Cortez
Spanish take complete control of Aztec empire

Question 13

Pizzaro

Answer 13

South America

Explores and takes over Inca empire

Question 14

Jacque Cartier

Answer 14

French explorer
Explores the St. Lawrence river (connects Atlantic to great lakes)
Montreal

Question 15

John Calvin

Answer 15

Leader of pilgrims and puritans
Important to the NA story
Created Calvinism

Question 16

The Tudors

Answer 16

England
Henry 7th marries his son (Arthur) to the daughter (Catherine) of the king of Spain
Arthur dies so Catherine marries Henry’s second son (Henry 8th)
Catherine of Aragon- no male child (only daughter, Mary)

Question 17

Henry 8th

Answer 17

Protestant England with
Uses protestant church to divorce Catherine
Marries Anne- no boys (Elizabeth)
Encourages trade and builds navy
Tries to control Irish
1 son- Edward (dies young)

Question 18

Queen Mary

Answer 18

Daughter of Catherine and Henry 8th
Catholic, tries to change England back to Catholicism
Dies without having any children

Question 19

Queen Elizabeth

Answer 19

Daugher of Anne and Henry 8th
Comes back after Mary dies
protestant
conflict with Spain

Question 20

The Sea Dogs

Answer 20

Drake, Gilbert, Raleigh
Sailors/explorers, English, Second sons
Fought in Ireland for Elizabeth
Elizabeth encourages illegal trade (attacking the Spanish)

Question 21

Drake

Answer 21

English explorer/sailor
one of the sea dogs
defeat of the Spanish armada
circumnavigation of the globe

Question 22

John Hawkins

Answer 22

First Englishman involved in slave trade

Stole from the Portuguese and sold to the Spanish in the new world

Question 23

Gilbert and Frobisher

Answer 23

Veterans of the Spanish war
Looking for a northwest passage
Gilbert: wanted a permanent settlement/base in NA
             Half brother is Raleigh
             His ship sinks

Question 24

Richard Hakluyt

Answer 24

Map maker/geographer
Discourse on western planting- written to convince the queen that they needed a colony in the new world
Reasons:
1. Christianize natives
2. Base for attacks on Spain
3. Provide goods for England that they are buying from the Spanish
4. Market for the things England produces
5. “safety valve” for excess population
6. Way station for passage to the east

Question 25

Raleigh and Virginia

Answer 25

"joint stock company" | Supported by Elizabeth

Question 26

John White

Answer 26

Lead a group to Roanoke | Went back to England for more supplies

Question 27

Sir Thomas Smith

Answer 27

English Businessman | Powerful Merchant

Question 28

Squanto

Answer 28

Spoke English Captured and brought to Spain, escapes and makes it back to his home Helped pilgrims on the Mayflower with planting crops Acts as a diplomat

Question 29

Separatists/Pilgrims

Answer 29

Plymouth rock Anti-Anglican Protestant- predestination, primitive church, similar to Calvinism Land on territory not covered by the charter

Question 30

Puritans

Answer 30

Massachusetts bay Increasing religious intolerance in England King Charles the first Bishop Laud and the great Migration- 20,000 Puritans go to New England

Question 31

Governor John Winthrop

Answer 31

no religious tolerance

Question 32

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 32

Religious discussion | Put on trial and expelled

Question 33

Roger Williams

Answer 33

Rhode Island "Separation of Church and state" Flees to Rhode Island, buys the land from the natives Religious tolerance

Question 34

Calvert/Lord Baltimore

Answer 34

Establishes Maryland From England Learns from Virginia's mistakes

Question 35

Henry Hudson

Answer 35

1609 | Starts the Dutch West Indies Company

Question 36

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 36

Cromwell and the roundheads "Lord Protector"- head of the new government after the English civil war First English ruler to implement mercantilism Gets involved in a war with the Dutch, England wins

Question 37

Charles 2nd

Answer 37

``` Restoration of the Stuarts Not vindictive but rewards loyalists restoration colonies- -Carolina and Jersey -populate with overflow from west indies -close ties to the west indies Admiral Penn restores the monarchy ```

Question 38

Quakers

Answer 38

Pennsylvania "society of friends" Dislike church of England Believe that everyone contains the light of God- everyone is equal Don't need a minister- all can talk at meetings even women are considered equal pacifists

Question 39

William Penn

Answer 39

his father put Charles 2nd back on the throne "Grant of Pennsylvania" from Stuarts to Penns to pay debt Pacifist, Quaker (disappointment to his father) Sets up a community for Quakers and pacifists -tolerant community -democracy -positive community with the natives -refuge