Pericardial Disease & Myocarditis Flashcards Preview

CVS clinical conditions > Pericardial Disease & Myocarditis > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pericardial Disease & Myocarditis Deck (28)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is myocarditis?

A

Acute or chronic Inflammation of the myocardium

2
Q

Describe the histopathology of myocarditis.

A

There is infiltration of inflammatory cells into the myocardium layers

3
Q

What is the main causes of myocarditis?

A
Bacterial
Fungal
Protozoan
Parasitic
Toxins
Hypersensitivity
Autoimmune activation
4
Q

What are the symptoms of myocarditis?

A

Symptoms of Heart failure
Fatigue
Dyspnoea
Chest pain (in minority)

5
Q

What are the investigations for myocarditis?

A
ECG
Bio markers (elevated by not same pattern as an MI)
Echo
Cardiac MRI
Biopsy
Viral DNA PCR
Auto antibodies
Strep antibodies
Lyme B burgdorferi
HIV
6
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of the pericardial layers

May or may not have myocardial involvement

7
Q

What are the main causes of pericarditis?

A
Bacterial
Post MI
Perforation
Proximal aortic dissection
Neoplasia
8
Q

What are the symptoms of pericarditis?

A

Chest pain

Pyrexia

9
Q

Describe the chest pain experienced in pericarditis.

A

Pleuritic and postural features
Leaning forwards makes it better
Lying back makes it worse

10
Q

What are the investigations for pericarditis?

A

ECG
Echo
Troponin
(Elevated if myocardial involvement)

11
Q

What is constrictive pericarditis?

A

Impaired filling although myocardium is normal most of the time

12
Q

What are the causes of constrictive pericarditis?

A
Idiopathic
Radiation
Post surgery
Autoimmune
Renal failure
Sarcoidosis
13
Q

What is a pericardial effusion?

A

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space.

May be haemodynamically significant (tamponade) or not

14
Q

What are the causes of pericardial effusion?

A
Usually the same as pericarditis
Bacterial
Post MI
Perforation
Proximal aortic dissection
Neoplasia
15
Q

Where tamponade is present what are the symptoms?

A

Fatigue
Dyspnoea
Dizzy with low BP
Occasionally chest pain

16
Q

What are the signs of a cardiac tamponade?

A
Pulses paradoxes
Elevated JVP
Low be
Pleural rub
Muffled heart sounds
Pulmonary edema (very rare)
17
Q

What investigations are used to detect a tamponade?

A

Echo

CXR

18
Q

What is the treatment for a tamponade?

A

Drainage

Persistent effusion - surgical pericardial window is made to allow flow to the abdomen

19
Q

What pericardial disease is heart failure found in?

A

Constrictive pericarditis.

20
Q

What investigation determines restrictive cardiomyopathy from constrictive pericarditis?

A

Right heart catheterisation

21
Q

What procedure is carried out to treat a cardiac tamponade?

A

Pericardiocentesis

22
Q

Name a few pathogens which can be responsible for myocarditis

A
Coxsackie B virus
Epstein Barr virus
Cytomegalo virus
HIV
Treponema
Streptococcal
Staphylococcal
Chlamydia
Herpes
Borrelia (Lyme disease)
Mycoplasm
23
Q

What does the ECG show in pericarditis?

A

PR depression

ST changes

24
Q

If pericarditis is idiopathic, what drugs must be in limited use?

A

Colchine and NSAIDS

25
Q

What is pericarditis?

A

Inflammation of the pericardial layers

May have myocardial involvement

26
Q

How would you know if pericarditis has myocardial involvement?

A

Raised troponin levels

27
Q

What is constrictive pericarditis?

A

Chronic inflammation of the pericardium / pericardial layers of the heart which lead to scarring, thickening and muscle tightening.
This results in impaired filling

28
Q

What disease can renal failure cause?

A

Constrictive pericarditis