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Flashcards in pericardial diseases Deck (8)
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1
Q

what are the common causes of acute pericarditis?

A
  • acute inflammation of the pericardium accompanied by pericardial effusion
  • caused by virus, TB, SLE, uremia, drugs like isoniazid, hydralazine, post-MI inflammation, radiation, heart surgery
2
Q

What are the main differences between pericardiits and MI on EKG

A
  • pericarditis shows ST elevation in most leads and PR depression
  • However, full MI work-up needed if ST elevation is seen on EKG
3
Q

How is pericarditis treated?

A

pericardiocentesis for large effusions, NSAIDs for pain, colchicine to prevent recurrence d/t viral or idiopathic causes
can lead to chronic constrictive pericarditis if untreated

4
Q

What is beck triad?

A

distant heart sounds, hypotension, and distended neck veins- think of cardiac tamponade and perform pericardiocentesis

5
Q

What are common causes of chronic constrictive pericarditis? what are physical exams and lab results?

A

radiation or heart surgery
often have heart failure, increased JVD with inspiration (aka kussmaul sign), afib is common
cardiac cath shows equal pressure in all chambers

6
Q

treatment of chronic constrictive pericarditis

A

nsaids, cochicine, corticosteroids; surgical excision of pericarditis (though this has high mortality)

7
Q

How do you interpret studies of pericardial fluid?

A
  • transudates if low in protein and specific gravity less than 1.012; common
  • if exudate, do tests for neoplasm, fibrotic disease, and TB
8
Q

What are common underlying causes of cardiac tamponade?

A

acute percardiits, chest trauma, LV rupture after MI or dissecting aortic aneurysm