Period 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Describe the migration of process of early humans?
From origin in east Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the americas
Why did humans have to develop diverse tools?
Because of diverse regions
What were the three main uses/effects of fire?
- Sterilized food which led to better digestion which led to higher brain development
- Protection against predators
- Protection against cold environments
Name four specific tools developed during this period and what they were used for
- Knives
- Arrow heads
- Axes
- Short Spears
These were used for hunting big and small game and fishing
People lived in small groups that structured _______, _______, and _______ activity.
Social, economic, and political
What three things did these KINSHIP bands exchange?
People, ideas, and goods
What were agricultural villages possibly a result of?
Climate change
What 8 locations did agriculture specifically develop?
- Mesopotamia
- Nile River Valley
- Yellow River Valley if China
- Papua New Guinea
- Indus River Valley in South Asia
- Sub Saharan
- Mesoamerica
- Andean South America
What domesticated plants and/or animals did Mesopotamia have?
Wheat, rye, barley, and goats
What domestic plants and/or animals did Africa have?
Yams and cattle
What domesticated plants and/or animals did Southeast Asia have?
Different varieties of rice
What domesticated plants and/or animals did Mesoamerica have?
Maize, corn, beans, and squash
What domesticated plants and/or animals did South America have?
Potatoes
Where did pastoralism mainly develop?
Afro-Eurasian grasslands
How did pastoralism negatively affect the environment?
Overgrazing and environmental erosion
What did agricultural communities develop for crop production?
Irrigation/water control system
What is a main similarity between pastoralism and agriculture?
Both saw populations rise due to more available food
Pastoralism served as a _______ to agriculture
Step
What is social stratification and what effect did agriculture have on it
Social stratification-specialized labor; less focus on food meant more people could focus on other things
What four things developed further as a result of social stratification as a result of agriculture?
- more complex government
- more complex religion
- language
- writing
Technological innovations led to improvements in agriculture _____, _____, and _____.
Production, trade, and transoortation
Define patriarchy
A system of social or government organization in which men hold most of the power and women are largely excluded
Where is Mesopotamia located?
In the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys
Where did agriculture develop in Egypt?
In the Nile river valley
