Period 3.8-3.13 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Federalists
Those who supported the Constitution and its strong federal government
Anti-Federalists
Those who feared the new Constitution and its strong federal government would have too much power
Constitutional Convention
Gathering of representatives from all colonies called by Congress to revise the Articles of Confederation. Established separation of powers and checks and balances, but the power of the new government was hotly debated.
Virginia Plan
Proposal by James Madison that would favor larger states in terms of representation in Congress
New Jersey
Counter to the Virginia plan that would give representation to smaller states
Connecticut Plan
Otherwise known as the Great Compromise, it created a two-house Congress made up of the House and the Senate.
3/5 Compromise
Counted each individual slave as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of determining a state’s level of taxation and representation
Federalism
A system with a strong but limited central government.
Separation of Powers
The dividing of powers among different branches of government.
Amendments
Additions to the Constitution aimed at protecting individuals from the federal, and later state, government(s).
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments, drafted largely by James Madison
Supreme Court
The highest court within the US government, was responsible for interpreting the Constitution.
National debt
All the money that the government owed plus interest, Hamilton argued that the federal government should assume responsibility for the states’ individual debt.
National Bank
Part of the plan presented by Hamilton to Congress in an attempt to rescue the failing economy, would provide the basis of a stable U.S. economy. Jefferson was staunchly opposed to the idea.
Jay Treaty
Treaty negotiated by John Jay with Parliament that got Britain to evacuate American forts but did nothing about the problem of impressment, causing the treaty to be unpopular with the American populace.
Whiskey Rebellion
A result of Congress putting taxes on whiskey especially, Pennsylvanian farmers refused to pay the tax and attacked revenue collectors. Washington amasses an army to intimidate them, but the action causes conflict within the populace.
Washington Farewell Address
Speech in which the retiring president warmed against getting involved in European affairs, making permanent allies, forming political parties, and sectionalism.
XYZ Affair
Incident in which John Adams sent a delegation to Paris to negotiate an end to the seizing of U.S. merchant ships. Three French ministers requested bribes to entertain negotiations, which angered the US populace and called for war.
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Federalist controlled House and Senate passed laws to restrict the Democratic-Republicans through the deportation of immigrants and imposing the law upon newspapers criticising the government.
Separation of Church and State
State governments would refuse to give financial support to any religious group. This deviated from many traditional European governments, including Britain.
Northwest Ordinance
A plan under the Articles of Confederation that planned for the sale of government land, an orderly adaptation of new states, public education, and the outlaw of slavery in the new territories.
Cotton Gin
Device invented by Eli Whitney that separated cotton fiber from the seeds. This caused the cotton industry to skyrocket and increased the demand for slaves dramatically.
