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ANPH 205 > Peritoneum And Retroperitoneum > Flashcards

Peritoneum And Retroperitoneum Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

A sterile potential space between the parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum that consists of many folds and potential spaces.

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2
Q

What are the two membranes that separate the organs in the abdominopelvic cavity from the abdominal wall?

A

Parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

What does the peritoneal cavity extend between?

A

The abdomen and pelvis

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4
Q

Is the peritoneal cavity closed to the outside environment?

A

Closed in males

Open in females (pierced by fallopian tubes.

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5
Q

What is contained inside the peritoneal cavity?

A

Serous fluid to lubricate.

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6
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

A lubricated serous membrane that wards off infections, and supports by anchoring structures.

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7
Q

What are the two layers of the peritoneum?

A

Parietal and visceral

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8
Q

What does the parietal layer of the peritoneum cover?

A

The abdominal and pelvic walls

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9
Q

What does the visceral layer of the peritoneum cover?

A

Covers the solid and hollow viscera

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10
Q

Describe the peritoneum and layers with an example?

A

The visceral layer covers the fist inside the balloon (organ), the outside of the balloon is the parietal layer and the space between the two balloon layers is the peritoneal cavity

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11
Q

What are the peritoneal organs? (7)

A
  • Liver (except bare area)
  • Gallbladder
  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Ovaries
  • 1st part of duodenum
  • Transverse colon
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12
Q

What do the peritoneal folds consist of?

A

Mesenteries and omentum

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13
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

Peritoneal folds connecting small and large bowel to the posterior abdominal wall

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14
Q

What do mesenteries do?

A

Support vessels, lymphatics and nerves

Prevent twisting of the bowel

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15
Q

What are the two mesenteries?

A

1) Mesentery

2) Mesocolon

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16
Q

What is the mesentery?

A

Double layer fold.

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17
Q

What does the mesentery connect?

A

Above bowel to the posterior abdominal wall

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18
Q

What does the mesentery enclose?

A

The jejunum and ileum

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19
Q

What is the mesocolon?

A

Peritoneum attached to colon

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20
Q

What does the mesocolon attach?

A

Connects the transverse colon and sigmoid colon to the posterior abdominal wall.

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21
Q

What is the omentum?

A

Double layer of peritoneum, folds of mesentery extending from the stomach to intraabdominal sites.

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22
Q

What are the 2 main folds of the omentum?

A

1) Greater omentum

2) Lesser omentum

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23
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Apron like fold

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24
Q

What does the greater omentum connect?

A

Connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

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25
What is the position of the greater omentum in the cavity?
From the stomach, it drapes inferior and anterior over the transverse colon and small intestine. It turns posterior on itself and extends superiorly to attach to the transverse colon.
26
What is the lesser omentum?
Double layer of mesentery
27
What is another name for the lesser omentum?
Gastrohepatic ligament
28
What does the lesser omentum connect?
The lesser curvature of the stomach and the 1st part of the duodenum to the visceral part of the liver
29
What do the peritoneal sacs consist of?
Large potential spaces (greater sac and lesser sac)
30
What is the greater sac?
Accounts for most of the space in the peritoneal cavity and has smaller spaces within. Communicated with the lesser sac in the epigastric region
31
Where does the greater sac extend?
From the diaphragm to the pelvis (width of the abdomen and pelvis)
32
Where is the location of the greater sac in reference to the lesser sac?
Anterior to the lesser sac superiorly Posterior to the lesser sac inferiorly
33
How does the greater sac surround the small bowel?
Inferiorly
34
Where is the greater sac located in relation to the pelvis structures?
The greater sac is superior to the pelvis structures.
35
What is another name for the lesser sac?
The omental bursa
36
What does the lesser sac do?
Communicates with the greater sac
37
Where is the lesser sac in relation to the stomach?
The lesser sac is posterior
38
Where is the lesser sac in relation to the liver
The lesser sac is posterior and inferior
39
Where is the lesser sac in relation to the transverse colon?
Lesser sac is anterior
40
Where is the lesser sac in relation to the pancreas?
Lesser sac is anterior
41
Where is the lesser sac in relation to the left kidney?
Lesser sac is anterior
42
Where is the lesser sac in relation to the splenic hilum?
The lesser sac extends to the splenic hilum
43
What are the (4) different names for the opening between the greater and lesser sac?
o Neck o Epiploic foramen o Foramen of Winslow o Omental foramen
44
What two things align with the anterior margin of the opening between the greater and lesser sacs?
The portal triad and the porta hepatis
45
What are the two supracolic compartments?
1) Subphrenic space | 2) Subhepatic space
46
What are the two infracolic compartments?
1) Paracolic gutters | 2) Pelvic reflections
47
What is the division between the supracolic and infracolic spaces?
The transverse colon
48
What is the subphrenic space?
Below diaphragm Between diaphragm and anterior and superior diaphragmatic surfaces of the liver
49
What is the boundary between the left and right subphrenic spaces?
The falciform ligament
50
What is the subhepatic space?
Below liver Inferior to the visceral surface of the liver
51
What does the right subhepatic space include?
Morison's pouch
52
What is morison's pouch?
Most dependent part of the subhepatic space (lowest)
53
Where is Morison's pouch located? (KNOW)
Right lateral subhepatic space Anterior to right kidney and posterior to the right lobe of liver
54
Where is the left subhepatic space?
Anterior to the antrum of the stomach
55
What are the two infracolic spaces?
Right paracolic gutter Left Paracolic gutter
56
What is the right paracolic gutter?
The space between the ascending colon and the right lateral abdominal wall
57
What is the left paracolic gutter?
The space between the descending colon and the left lateral abdominal wall
58
What is the retroperitoneum?
Structures located posterior to the peritoneum, lined anteriorly by peritoneum. Limited mobility
59
Where is the retroperitoneum anchored?
To the posterior wall
60
What are the retroperitoneal structures?
Kidneys Ureters Adrenals Ascending colon Descending colon Aorta and IVC Duodenum (Parts 2, 3, 4) Pancreas (except tail)
61
What are the boundaries of the retroperitoneum?
Posterior to the peritoneal cavity Anterior to the transverse fascia Extends from diaphragm to pelvic brim
62
What are the potential spaces of the retroperitoneum?
1) Anterior pararenal space 2) Perirenal space 3) Posterior Pararenal space
63
What is the anterior pararenal space?
Immediatley posterior to the peritoneum Between the periatel peritoneum of the posterior cavity and the anterior renal fascia Crosses the midline
64
Perirenal space?
Area enclosed by the renal fascia Contains perirenal fat Surrounds kidneys and adrenal glands
65
What is the posterior pararenal space?
Posterior to the renal fascia Between the posterior renal fascia and the transversalis fascia of the abdominal wall
66
Are there solid organs in the posterior pararenal space?
No
67
Is there fat in the porterior pararenal space?
Very little
68
What does the anterior pararenal space support?
- Ascending and descending colon - 2nd, 3rd and 4th duodenum Head and body of pancreas

ANPH 205 (6 decks)

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