What are HAM side effects?
antiHistamine, antiAdrenergic, antiMuscarinic
What are symptoms of antiHistamine side effects (2)?
sedation and weight gain
What is a symptom of antiAdrenergic side effect?
hypOtension
What are symptoms of antiHistamine side effects (3)?
dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention
When do you find HAM side effects?
TCAs and low potency antipsychotics
TCAS and low potency antipsychotics have what type of side effects?
HAM side effects
H –> sedation and weight gain
A –> hypOtension
M –> dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention
Symptoms of serotonin syndrome?
Confusion, flushing, diaphoresis, tremor, myoclonic jerks, hyperthermia, hypertonicity, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and death
What is the drug of choice to treat extrapyramidal symptoms produced by neuroleptics?
Benztropine
What does tardive dyskinesia look like?
characteristic grimacing and tongue protrusion
What is tardive dyskinesia and when is it seen?
Choreoathetoid muscle movements, usually of the mouth and tongue. Occurs after YEARS of antipsychotic use (esp high-potency typic antipsychotics)
Is tardive dyskinesia reversible?
NO, tardive dyskinesia is IRREVERSIBLE
What drugs induce tardive dykinesia and how long does it take to develop?
Dev after YEARS of of antipsychotic use (esp high-potency typic antipsychotics)
Name 3 CNS stimulants
Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine
What is the mechanism of CNS stimulants?
Increases catecholamines in the synaptic cleft, esp NE and dopamine
What are the uses for CNS stimulant medications (MDM)?
ADHD, narcolepsy, apetite control
Name 3 high potency antipsychotics
Trifluperazine, Fluphenazine, Haloperidol
Try to Fly HIGH
Name 2 low potency antipsychotics
Chlorpromazine and Thioridazine
Cheating Theives are LOW
What are the symptoms for neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
"FEVER" Fever Encephalopathy Vitals unstable (tachy, HTN) Enzymes inc (inc CPK) Rigidity of muscles ("lead pipe") (+ myoglobinuria, tremors, and autonomic instability)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome can be caused by what medications and in what duration of use?
Can be caused by ALL antipsychotics after short or long duration of use (inc chance w/ high-potency traditional antipsychotics)
Treatments for neuroleptic malignant syndrome are (2)?
Dantrolene or D2 agonists (ie bromocriptine)
Dantrolene or D2 agonists (ie bromocriptine) can be used to treat what syndrome?
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
Serotonin occurs when?
Occurs when there is too much serotonin, classically when SSRIs and MAOIs are combined
Treatment for serotonin syndrome?
Stop drugs causing it
HTN crisis is caused by what?
Caused by a buildup of stored catecholamines. Ex: MAOIs w/ foods w/ tyramine or sympathomimetics
MAOIs + tyramine or sympathomimetics –> ?
HTN crisis
MAOIs + ? (2) –> HTN crisis
Tyramine foods or sympathomimetics
Tyramine food examples are
red wine, cheese, chicken liver, cured meats, soy sauce, sauerkraut
Acute dystonia is characterized by what movement?
Acute dystonia is usually characterized by twisting and abnormal postures
twisting and abnormal postures = ?
acute dystonia
grimacing and tongue protrusion = ?
tardive dyskinesia
choreoathetoid movements, often of tongue or mouth = ?
tardive dyskinesia
Akathisia is characterized by what?
Akathisia is characterized by the inability to sit still – feels need to move
Feeling of need to move = ?
Akathisia
Bradykinesia is characterized by what movement?
Bradykinesia is characterized by decreased or slow body movements.