Pharm and ANS

Question 1

Vd =

Answer 1

total drug/serum concentration

Question 2

Loading dose =

Answer 2

Cp x Vd/ F

Question 3

Maintenance Dose =

Answer 3

Cp x Vd x Ke (elimination constant) x T / F

Question 4

Zero order elimination drugs

Answer 4

PEA: Phenytoin, Ethanol, Aspirin

Question 5

Treat weak acids overdoses with basic environments (bicarbonate): which acids?

Answer 5

Phenobarbial, methotrexate, aspirin

Question 6

Treat weak base overdoses with acidic environments (ammonium chloride): which bases?

Answer 6

amphetamines, TCAs

Question 7

What is phase I metabolism:

Answer 7

Reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis with cytochrome P450. Yields slightly polar water soluble metabolites. Geriatric patients lose this first.

Question 8

What is phase II metabolism:

Answer 8

Conjugation (Methylation, glucuronidation, acetylation, sulfation) yields very polar, inactive metabolites that are renally excreted.

Question 9

Slow acetylators at risk for what in particular?

Answer 9

Drug induced lupus.

hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine, isoniazid, diltiazem.

Question 10

Vascular smooth muscle ANS control:

Answer 10

a1 (q): contraction, a2 (i): dilation, b2 (s): vasodilation, V1 (q): contraction

Question 11

G protein class of a1

Answer 11

q

Question 12

G protein class of a2

Answer 12

i

Question 13

G protein class of b1

Answer 13

s

Question 14

G protein class of b2

Answer 14

s

Question 15

G protein class of b3

Answer 15

s

Question 16

G protein class of M1

Answer 16

q

Question 17

G protein class of M2

Answer 17

i

Question 18

G protein class of M3

Answer 18

q

Question 19

G protein class of D1

Answer 19

s

Question 20

G protein class of D2

Answer 20

i

Question 21

G protein class of H1

Answer 21

q

Question 22

G protein class of H2

Answer 22

s

Question 23

G protein class of V1

Answer 23

q

Question 24

G protein class of V2

Answer 24

s

Question 25

Eye ANS control:
Pupillary:
Accommodation and Glaucoma

Answer 25

Pupillary dilator (mydriasis): a1 (q)
Pupillary sphincter (miosis): M3 (q)
Aqueous humor production: a2 (i) decreases, b2 (s) increases
Ciliary muscle contraction (decreased draining for TM): M3 (q)

Question 26

GI ANS control:

Answer 26

a1: increases sphincter tone
M3: increases gut peristalsis

Question 27

Insulin ANS control:

Answer 27

a2: decreases insulin release, decreases lipolysis
B1: increases lipolysis
B2: increases insulin releases
B3: increases lipolysis

Question 28

Bronchioles ANS control:

Answer 28

B2: bronchodilation

Question 29

Heart ANS control:

Answer 29

B1 increases heart rate, contractility.