pharmacodynamic (lecture 3)

Question 1

antibiotics can differentiate between mammalian & bacterial cells how ?

Answer 1

antibiotic target on cell wall(not availabile in mammalians’ )

Question 2

example for a drug that change the

cell permeability

Answer 2

local anesthetics

Question 3

(the time, where the drug will continue producing its therapeutic effects before it is dissipated ) is _____

Answer 3

Duration of action

Question 4

if the dose effect/response curve  showed
no effect (y-axis = 0 ) it's \_\_\_\_\_
full effect \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 4

antagonist

agonist

Question 5

measurement of the drug safety is ?

Answer 5

therapeutic index

Question 6

antacids is acid/alkaline ?

Answer 6

alkaline

Question 7

antibiotics works on inhibiting which part of cell ?

Answer 7

cell wall

Question 8

if we increase the dose to the lethal dose what are the chances to happen ?

Answer 8

higher toxicity - higher risk of death

Question 9

Types of ligands or drugs:

Answer 9

✓ Agonists
✓ Antagonists
✓ Partial agonists

Question 10

some drugs target to inhibit nucleic acid synthesis what kind of drugs are they ?

Answer 10

• Anticancer drugs

Question 11

patients who suffer from burning sensation in the stomach we give him ?

Answer 11

antacids

Question 12

relationship b/w therapeutic index - effectiveness-toxic produce ?

Answer 12

therapeutic index higher- low dose to

produce effectiveness- higher dose to produce toxicity

Question 13

two types of receptors and give an example :

Answer 13

1- Ionotropic or ligand gated ion channel _nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
2- Metabotropic receptor -G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)

Question 14

non-comp antagonist moves the curve _________ and why/how it works ?

Answer 14

right down -because it binds the receptors permanently

Question 15

the graph that shows the differences between the ligands called ?

Answer 15

dose effect/response curve.

Question 16

antibiotics that kills 99% of the bacteria shows____ effect

Answer 16

AGONIST

Question 17

How can the drug produce their effect? (that effect could be therapeutic effect or side effect) - What are the mechanisms that these drugs can produce the effect on the human being?

Answer 17

change the enzymatic activity
• Change cell membrane permeability.
• Combining with other chemicals. (ex. neutralizing chemicals)
• Inhibiting physiological function in the cell
• Replacement therapy
• Drug-receptor interaction. (the most common mechanism for many drugs)

Question 18

very common mechanism action of

medication right now is ?

Answer 18

Drug can change the enzymatic activity

Question 19

acetylcholinesterases used in which mechanism ?

Answer 19

change enzymatic activity

Question 20

Replacement therapy is used in case ?

Answer 20

in case the patient has a deficiency in hermones/iron/vitamins

Question 21

potency vs Efficacy (AvsB)
amount needed of a drug to produce an effect ___
maximum or ceiling effect of drugs _____

Answer 21

a

b

Question 22

indictor of potency is ?

Answer 22

Kd

Question 23

voltaren other name ?

Answer 23

diclofenac sodium

Question 24

antagonists moves the curve ____ not ___?

Answer 24

right not downward

Question 25

because the curve of the comp & non-comp go to the ____(right / left) the kb in there presense (increase/ decrease)?

Answer 25

right -increase

Question 26

narrow therapeutic index is (favorable or not )?

Answer 26

no

Question 27

Half-life is :

Answer 27

time needed to eliminate 50% of the drug from | the system through the kidney or through metabolism in general.

Question 28

how local anesthetic works/what mechanism it works on ?

Answer 28

Local anesthetics can cross plasma membrane and go inside this channel, and just block it, which means it will block any action potential that will happen on that nerve. So that will change the membrane permeability. And thus, it will produce its effect./ change the perm

Question 29

antacids are pills used for?

Answer 29

patients who suffer from burning sensation in the stomach, due to gastritis or peptic ulcer.

Question 30

Pharmacodynamics is

Answer 30

the effect of the drug on the body

Question 31

pharmacokinetics tolerance or pharmacodynamic tolerance : some drugs start to lose their effectiveness with time______ receptors will not be able to respond for this drug dose as it was responded for the first time _____ when the body(receptors) dont responed to drug as before it's ____ when the drug losses its effectiveness with time ____

Answer 31

pharmacokinetics tolerance pharmacodynamic tolerance pharmacodynamic tolerance pharmacokinetics tolerance

Question 32

time needed for the drug to start producing its effects is :

Answer 32

Onset of action

Question 33

Tolerance is

Answer 33

Decrease in intensity of response after repeated use /we needed a higher dose of a drug to produce the same effect of the original dose