Pharmacology - Adverse Effects Flashcards Preview

NBDE Part II > Pharmacology - Adverse Effects > Flashcards

Flashcards in Pharmacology - Adverse Effects Deck (27)
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1
Q

What is a side effect?

A

an adverse effect occurring within the drug’s therapeutic range.

2
Q

What is an idiosyncratic reaction?

A

an adverse reaction due to genetic changes - usually involving a change in enzyme activity

3
Q

What effect do beta blockers have on vasoconstrictors in anesthetic?

A

increase vasoconstrictor response to epi, but lessen the tachycardic response to epi

4
Q

What effect do alpha blockers have on vasoconstrictors?

A

inhibit vasoconstrictor response to epi and levonordefren

5
Q

MAO inhibitors should NOT be used with what other drugs?

A

Opioids, amphetamines, ephedrine, or tyramine

6
Q

What is used to reverse local anesthetic?

A

phentolamine

7
Q

What are side effects of anti-psychotics?

A

orthostatic hypotension, photosensitivity, and arrhythmias (i.e. long QT syndrome)

8
Q

Tricyclics (antidepressants) can cause what adverse effect?

A

xerostomia

9
Q

Lithium (anti-mania) can cause what due to toxicity?

A

Hypothyroidism, arrhythmias, hypotension, polyuria

10
Q

What are some adverse effects of Phenytoin (anti-epileptic)?

A

gingival hyperplasia, hyperglycemia, lymphadenopathy, osteomalacia, hirsutism (abnormal hair growth patterns)

11
Q

Problems with ______ can occur with carbamazepine.

A

vision

12
Q

Valproic acid may cause what adverse reaction with women trying to have kids?

A

spina bifida

13
Q

What are some adverse effects of Selegiline (anti-Parkinson’s)?

A

Dry mouth, insomnia, anxiety, toxicity of SSRI while taken together

14
Q

Levodopa (anti-Parkinson’s) can cause what adverse effects?

A

dyskinesia, tachycardia, and therapeutic effect decrease with disease progression

15
Q

What can increase toxicity of local anesthetics when used together?

A

opioids

16
Q

What happens if nitrous oxide is not removed from the system by 3-5 minutes of oxygen?

A

diffusion hypoxia

17
Q

What are contraindications for using nitrous oxide?

A

head injury, recent chest trauma, bowel obstruction, undiagnosed abdominal pain, hypotension, COPD, vitreoretinal surgery w/ intraocular gas, or inability of pt to communicate/follow commands

18
Q

Class I anti-arrhythmic drugs can cause what adverse effects?

A

torsades de pointes

19
Q

Amiodarone (Class III anti-arrhythmic) can cause what adverse skin reaction?

A

skin discoloration

20
Q

Adenosine (anti-arrhythmic) can cause what adverse reactions?

A

asthma, dyspnea

21
Q

Epinephrine and Digitalis together can cause what adverse reaction?

A

Ventricular arrhythmia

22
Q

Alpha-blockers can cause what adverse effects?

A

hypotension, syncope, tachycardia, dry mouth

23
Q

Calcium-channel blockers can cause what adverse effects?

A

headaches, hypotension, gingival hyperplasia

24
Q

ACE inhibitors cause 10% of people to have this reaction?

A

coughing

25
Q

What effects can ACE inhibitors cause?

A

altered taste, angioneurotic edema in rare cases, and cough in 10% of users

26
Q

Loop diuretics can cause what two things to happen with your ears?

A

Tinnitus, hearing loss

27
Q

What two adverse effects can statin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) drugs cause?

A

myalgia, impotence