PharmTest2

Question 1

Epinepherine

Adrenalin

Answer 1

Vasopressor/Adrenergic

Treats: Bronchospasm, Acute asthma attack, to restore cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest, SHOCK

Contraindications: Closed Glaucoma, active labor

Nursing: Monitor cardio closely, schedule around meals. Monitor estravation of vein

Question 2

Phenylephrine

Answer 2

Alpha-1 agonist

Treats: Vascular failure in shock, HYPOtension, dilates pupil, constricts blood vessel

Contraindication: closed angle glaucoma, Vtac

AE: Reflex bradycardia, blurred vision

Nursing: PUPIL DIILATION

Question 3

Dopamine

Intropin

Answer 3

Adrenergic non-selective agonist

Treats: renal and cardiac SHOCK; ^ CO, renal perfusion, BP

Contra: Vfib, tachycardia

Effects: Increased heart rate, positive inotropic action, increased AV conduction

Adverse Rx: dysthythmia, N/V, tacycarida, angina, palpitation, hypotension, vasoconstriction

Nursing: Monitor cardiac functions

Question 4

Fenoldopam

Answer 4

Dopaminergic Agonist

Treats: Severe hypertension, renal protection when giving IV dye, VASODILATION. DROPS BLOOD PRESSURE

Effects: vasodialation to renal, coronary, mesenteric, peripheral arteries,

Adverse: angina, dysrhythmia

Drug-drug: Beta blocker

Nursing note: CLOSE MONITOR, titrate slowly

Question 5

Prazosin

Minipress

Answer 5

Adrenergic Antagonist- Alpha blocker

Treats: CHF, HTN, Raynauld syndrome, PTSD

Effects: Lowers BP

Nursing consideration: orthostatic hypotension (First dose syncope. NO OTC

Question 6

Metoprolol

lopressor

Answer 6

Beta-Blocker

Treats: HTN, angina, irregular cardiac rhythms

Effects: decreased cardiac output and BP. Slows contraction

Contraindication: severe bradycardia, cardiogenic shock, airway disease

Nursing Indications: check BP/pulse before administer, do not suddenly stop. Drug masks hypoglycemia

Question 7

Propranolol

Inderal

Answer 7

Beta-Blocker- similar to Metoprolol.

Treats: HTN, angina, decreases risk of death after MI

Adverse reactions: bradycardia, heart failure, bronchospasm

Nursing: Do not quit suddenly, drug masks hypoglycemia,

Question 8

acetylcysteine

Mucomyst

Answer 8

Mucolytic

Treats: abnormally thick mucous, Tylenol toxicity

Adverse reactions: Bronchospasm, angeoedema,

Nursing: Give within 24 hours of tylenol OD. Bad smell

Question 9

Albuterol

Proventil/Ventolin

Answer 9

Bronchodialator/Adrenergic: Beta2 agonist

Treats: Prevents and treats bronchospasm

Adverse RX: Bronchospasm [paradoxical reaction], hypokalemia, termors,

Nursing: Wait 2 min between inhalations, 5 min between different inhalers. RESCUE INHALER

Question 10

Ipratroprium

atrovent

Answer 10

Bronchodialator/Anticholinergic:Antagonizing acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors

Treats: Bronchospasm, Rhinorrhea

Adverse effects: Bronchospasm, flulike symptoms, temporary eye blurring

Contraindications: Caution in closed angle glaucoma

Nursing: NOT rescue. Give daily

Question 11

pilocarpine

Akarpine

Answer 11

Cholinergic Agonist

Treats: Dry mouth, dry eye, salivary gland, Open/close angle glaucoma (More effective draining)

Action: increases salivary gland action

Adverse Effects **, drug induced visual disturbances,

Contraindication: Asthma, Bronchospasm, Retinal disease

Nursing: Do not give with high-fat meal, eye exam before giving. Antidote: atropine

Question 12

Nicotine

ProStep

Answer 12

Smoking cessation

Contraindication: Post MI, dysrhythmia, angina

AE: Vasculitis,

Nursing: do not smoke

Question 13

Neostigmine

Prostigmin

Answer 13

Cholinoceptor

Tx: Myasthenia Gravis

Contraindication: GI obstruction, Urinary obstruction,

AE: Cholerginic Crisis, Cardiac arrest

Nursing: Antidote- Atropine

Question 14

atropine

Atropine-sulfate

Answer 14

Antiarrhythmic- Anticholergenic

Treats: Bradyarrythmia, poisoning (anticholineresterase, mushrooms), Reduction of secretions (salivary, bronchial), give during CPR, CHOLERGINIC CRISIS

Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia(rebound), dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention

Contraindication: acute angle closure glaucoma, obstructive GI/GU, tachycardia, asthma, MI, Myasthenia gravis

Nursing: Oral hygiene, blurred vision

Question 15

Isoflurane

Forane

Answer 15

Inhalation Anesthetic

Induces and maintains anesthesia

Adverse Reaction: hypotension, hypothermia, respiratory depression

Contraindications: Pregnancy, Increased ICP

Nursing: Keep environmental stimulus to a minimum. Fatties have issues- lipid soluble. Keep pt warm

Question 16

Propofol

Diprivan

Answer 16

Parenteral Anesthetic

Uses: induction and maintenance of anesthesia and sedation. FAST onset

Contraindication: cautious use with sz disorder, vasuclar disease, ICP, pregnancy, lactation. Allergy to soybean oil, gycerol, egg

Adverse: involuntary movements

Interactions: benzos, cns depressants

Nursing: Low-stimulus environment, reassure patient, No preservatives

Question 17

lidocane

Xylocaine

Answer 17

Local Anesthetic- Reversible nerve blockade (infiltration anesthesia, regional block, nerve block)

Adverse effects: urticaria, angeioedema, bronchospasm,

Interactions: Anti-hypertensives, MAOIs, opiate agonists

Nursing: Do not give lidocaine and adrenaline in fingers/toes because that shit will fall off

Question 18

lorazepam

Ativan

Answer 18

CNS Depressant- Benzo, GABA

Uses- anxiety disorder, insomnia, epilepsy, ETOH withdrawal

Contraindication- glacoma, Pregnancy, psychosis, children under 6 mo

Adverse: drowsiness, ataxia, bradycardia, PARADOX

Nursing: assess for suicidal ideations, taper up and down, give throughout day

Question 19

phenytoin

Dilantan

Answer 19

Anti-convulsant

Use: control partial and generalized seizures

Function: Binds to Na channels, keeping the channel closed longer, and preventing excessive firing of the cell

Contraindication: bradycardia, heartblock, PREGNANCY

Adverse: CNS reactions, nystagmus, ataxia, GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

Nursing: assess levels, GIVE SLOWLY IV- SUICIDE, titrate up and down. Use condoms

Question 20

ethosuximide

Zarontin

Answer 20

Anticonvulsant

Use: Absense/petit mal seizure (Tiny sucky seizures)

Inhibits influx of calcium ions

Contraindications: Severe liver or kidney disease. Preg cat C

Adverse reactions: Drowsiness, dizziness, Joint pain, rash

Nursing: monitor levels, RASH, taper dose, assess CBC, UA, LFT

Question 21

Morphine

MS contin

Answer 21

Narcotic Analgesic: Schedule II

Use: Severe pain: Mu, kappa, delta receptors

Contraindications: renal, or hepatic impairment, respiratory depression, pregnancy, GI obstuction, ICP

Nursing: Increased fall risk

Question 22

Codeine

Answer 22

Narcotic Analgesic

Use: Mild-moderate pain, antitussive

Contraindications: not given with other narcotics,

Patient: assess breathing before giving, increased fall risk

Question 23

pentazoine

Talwin

Answer 23

Nartotic agonist-antagonist

Contraindication: pts with dependency; hepatic, pulmonary disease. High abuse tendency

Adverse effects: respiratory and circular depression

Nursing: avoid alcohol and CNS depressants while taking drug

Question 24

naloxone

Narcan

Answer 24

Opiod Antagonist

Function: displaces opiod analgesics form their receptor sites, reversing the effect.

Route: IM, IV, SC- IV effects within 2 min

Abrupt reversal leads to: N/v sweating, tachycardia, incrased BP, tremors, severe pain

Question 25

acetylsalicic acid | Aspirin

Answer 25

NSAID Pharmotherapeutic: Tx mild-moderate pain, prevent platelet aggregation, antipyretic, antiinflammatory. Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) Kinetics: Absorbed in stomach, small intestine, protein bound Contraindications: peptic ulcer disease, bleeding disorders, ill children, anticoagulants, renal/hepatic disease Adverse rx: GI distress Nursing: Give with milk/food. Use uncoated for CV. DO NOT GIVE TO KIDS WITH FLU SYMPTOMS. (Rye syndrome)

Question 26

ibuprofen | Motrin, advil

Answer 26

NSAID Pharmacotherapeutics: arthritis, pain, dysmennorrhea, migraine, fever; COX inhibitor Contraindications: GI Bleeding/ulcer, pregnancy, caution with heart/hepatic/kidney disease Adverse Effects: GI upset, bleeding, liver/kidney damage, ^ risk CVA and MI Nursing: monitor pts for signs of MI and Stroke. Give with milk,

Question 27

acetaminophen | Tylenol

Answer 27

Non-Narcotic analgesic NOT NSAID Pharmacotherapeutics: tx fever, mild pain Pharmacodynamics: inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS Contraindications: hepatic disease, hypovolemia, alcoholism Adverse effects: hepatic, renal toxicity, rash Nursing: Drug of choice for infants and children with flu symptoms, Overdose potentally fatal

Question 28

Sumatriptan | Imitrex

Answer 28

Selective serotonin receptor agonist Therapeutics: headache and cluster headache Kinetics: orally, intranasally, subcutaneously Contraindications: CAD, ischemic artery disease, angina, diabetes PREGNANCY Adverse effects: Coronary artery vasospasm, dysrhythmia MI, Interactions: SSRI, MAOI Nursing: confirm dx of type of headache; administer drug as soon as headache begins

Question 29

Norcuran/Succinylcholine

Answer 29

Muscle Relaxant Give with anethesia to relax skeletal muscles or facilitate ventilation or intubation Depolarization Adverse: Prolonged paralysis, increased occular pressure

Question 30

Cholerginic Crisis

Answer 30

``` increased sweating, salivation, bronchial flaccid paralysis, respiratory failure secretions ``` excess of acetylcholine

Question 31

Myasthenic Crisis

Answer 31

Exacerbation of Myasthenia Gravis, in which the respiratory muscles fail

Question 32

Cholerginic Agnonists

Answer 32

Salivation ``` Bradycardia Dilation of blood vessels Constriction of the bronchioles Increased activity of the GI tract Constriction of the pupils Increased tone and contraction of the bladder muscles ```