Pharynx & Larynx

Question 1

Cartilaginous elevation created by and arching superior to the auditory tube

Answer 1

Torus tubarius

Question 2

Lymphoid tissue on the mucosa of the torus tubarius

Answer 2

Tubal tonsil

Question 3

Vertical mucosal fold extending inferiorly from the auditory tube

Answer 3

Salpingo-pharyngeal fold/arch

Question 4

What muscles open the auditory tube during swallowing

Answer 4

salpingo-pharyngeus
muscle

levator and tensor veli palatini

Question 5

Contains the levator veli palatini muscle

Answer 5

Levator cushion

Question 6

Slit-like lateral projection of the pharynx posterior to the torus and salpingopharyngeal fold

Answer 6

Pharyngeal recess

Question 7

Commonly called the adenoid when enlarged

Lymphoid tissue in the roof and posterior wall of the nasopharynx

Answer 7

Pharyngeal tonsil

Question 8

The ______ tonsils are collections of lymphoid tissue on each side of the oropharynx in the interval between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Answer 8

palatine

Question 9

The posterior tongue is attached to the epiglottis via
1 ______ glosso-epiglottic fold and 2 ______ glosso-epiglottic fold

Answer 9

median ; lateral

Question 10

2 depressions called _______ lie between median & lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Answer 10

valleculae

Question 11

The laryngopharynx communicates with the larynx
through the _________ on its anterior wall

Answer 11

laryngeal inlet

Question 12

Posteriorly, the laryngopharynx is related to the bodies of the ______ vertebrae

Answer 12

C4–C6

Question 13

The _____ fossa (recess) is a small depression of the laryngopharyngeal cavity on either side of the laryngeal
inlet. This mucosa-lined fossa is separated from the laryngeal inlet by the ary-epiglottic fold

Answer 13

piriform

Question 14

The external circular layer of pharyngeal muscles consists of three pharyngeal constrictors: ______, _______, and _____

All of these muscles attach in midline to the __________

Answer 14

superior ; middle ; inferior

pharyngeal raphe

Question 15

The _____________ consists of
palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus,
and salpingopharyngeus

Answer 15

internal longitudinal muscles

Question 16

What muscles elevate the larynx and shorten the pharynx during swallowing and speaking

Answer 16

internal longitudinal muscles = palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus

Question 17

The pharyngeal constrictors contract ___________ so
that contraction takes place sequentially from the
superior to the inferior end of the _________, propelling
food into the ___________

Answer 17

involuntarily

pharynx

esophagus

Question 18

____________ is a pouch that develops in the hypopharynx

Answer 18

Zenker’s diverticulum

Question 19

Zenker’s diverticulum is a
pouch that develops in the
hypopharynx, between
__________ muscle and
__________ muscle

Answer 19

cricopharyngeus ; inferior pharyngeal constrictor

Question 20

Extends from soft palate to blend with the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Answer 20

Palatopharyngeus

Question 21

Extends from the styloid process to insert between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors

Answer 21

Stylopharyngeus

Question 22

Extends from the auditory tube to blend with the pharyngeal constrictor muscles

Answer 22

Salpingopharyngeus

Question 23

_________ is formed by lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx, oropharynx and oral cavity

Answer 23

Waldeyer’s ring of tonsils

Question 24

Waldeyer’s ring of tonsils is formed by

Answer 24

Pharyngeal tonsils

Tubal tonsils

Palatine tonsils

Lingual tonsils

Question 25

The upper part of the pharynx is supplied by the

Answer 25

ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 26

the lower part of the pharynx receives blood supply from _______ artery and _________ artery

Answer 26

inferior thyroid and superior thyroid

Question 27

The rest of the pharynx receives blood from the __________ and _________ of the facial artery

Answer 27

ascending palatine and tonsillar branches

Question 28

The pharyngeal plexus of nerves that is formed by what motor branches?

Answer 28

pharyngeal branches of the vagus (motor)

Question 29

The pharyngeal plexus of nerves that is formed by sensory branches?

Answer 29

glossopharyngeal nerves (sensory)

Question 30

The pharyngeal plexus of nerves that is formed by what else?

Answer 30

sympathetic branches from the superior cervical ganglion

Question 31

Most pharyngeal muscles receive motor innervation from the _____

Answer 31

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 32

Sensory innervation of the pharynx follows the regional divisions, with the Nasopharynx supplied by

Answer 32

CN V2

Question 33

Sensory innervation of the pharynx follows the regional divisions, with the Oropharynx supplied by CN ____ (gag/swallow reflexes)

Answer 33

IX

Question 34

Sensory innervation of the pharynx follows the regional divisions, with the Laryngopharynx supplied by CN ___ (internal laryngeal nerve)

Answer 34

X

Question 35

What is this? The stimulus is provided by sensation to the posterior pharyngeal wall, the tonsillar pillars, or the base of the tongue

Answer 35

Gag reflex

Question 36

The gag reflex sensations are carried out by CN _____ which acts as the ____ limb of the reflex

Answer 36

IX ; sensory

Question 37

The motor limb of the gag reflex is carried by the pharyngeal branch of CN _____ to pharyngeal musculature and results in the bilateral contraction of the posterior pharyngeal muscles

Answer 37

X

Question 38

What are the 3 stages of swallowing

Answer 38

stage 1: voluntary stage 2: involuntary and rapid stage 3: involuntary

Question 39

What stage of swallowing is this: the bolus is compressed against the palate and pushed from the mouth into the oropharynx, mainly by movements of the muscles of the tongue and soft palate

Answer 39

stage 1

Question 40

what stage of swallowing is this: the soft palate is elevated, sealing off the nasopharynx from the oropharynx and laryngopharynx. The pharynx widens and shortens to receive the bolus of food as the suprahyoid muscles and longitudinal pharyngeal muscles contract, elevating the larynx

Answer 40

stage 2

Question 41

what stage of swallowing is this: sequential contraction of all three pharyngeal constrictor muscles creates a peristaltic ridge that forces the food bolus inferiorly into the esophagus

Answer 41

stage 3

Question 42

The epiglottis (E) is attached to the deep side of the thyroid cartilage, is situated posterior to the tongue and hyoid and anterior to the _______

Answer 42

laryngeal inlet

Question 43

Two membranes help to enclose the vocal cords within the larynx: _______ and _______

Answer 43

quadrangular ; conus elasticus

Question 44

The quadrangular membrane is a thin sheet of connective tissue that extends between the _______ and _______

Answer 44

arytenoid ; epiglottic cartilages

Question 45

Its free inferior margin forms the vestibular ligament, which is covered by mucosa to form the _________ (false vocal fold)

Answer 45

vestibular fold

Question 46

The conus elasticus close the tracheal inlet except for the _________ (opening between the vocal folds)

Answer 46

central rima glottidis

Question 47

The ______ (the vocal apparatus of the larynx) makes up the vocal folds and processes, together with the _______, the aperture between the vocal folds

Answer 47

glottis ; rima glottidis

Question 48

The vocal folds also serve as the __________ of the larynx when they are tightly closed

Answer 48

main inspiratory sphincter

Question 49

Complete _______ of the folds forms an effective sphincter that prevents entry of air

Answer 49

adduction

Question 50

The laryngeal cavity includes the:

Answer 50

laryngeal vestibule laryngeal ventricle rima glottidis infraglottic cavity

Question 51

between the laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds

Answer 51

Laryngeal vestibule

Question 52

recesses extending laterally from the middle part of the laryngeal cavity between vestibular and vocal folds

Answer 52

recesses extending laterally from the middle part of the laryngeal cavity between vestibular and vocal folds

Question 53

space between the true vocal folds

Answer 53

Rima glottidis

Question 54

the inferior cavity of the larynx between the vocal folds and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage, where it is continuous with the lumen of the trachea

Answer 54

Infraglottic cavity

Question 55

A foreign object may accidentally aspirate through the ______ inlet into the vestibule of the larynx, where it becomes trapped ______ to the vestibular folds

Answer 55

laryngeal ; superior

Question 56

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles move the larynx as a

Answer 56

whole

Question 57

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles move the ___________, altering the length and tension of the vocal folds and the size and shape of the __________

Answer 57

laryngeal components ; rima glottidis

Question 58

Adductors and abductors: Move the vocal folds to close and open the

Answer 58

rima glottidis

Question 59

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles rotate the arytenoid cartilages so that their vocal processes swing _____ (adduct)

Answer 59

medially

Question 60

Transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles pull the arytenoid cartilages ______ (adduct)

Answer 60

together

Question 61

The principal tensors are the _________ which tilt or pull the thyroid cartilage anteriorly, increasing the distance between the thyroid and the arytenoid cartilages. This elongates and tightens the vocal ligaments, raising the pitch of the voice

Answer 61

cricothyroid muscles

Question 62

Relaxers = _________ pull the arytenoid cartilages anteriorly, toward the thyroid, thereby relaxing the vocal ligaments to lower the pitch of the voice

Answer 62

Thyro-arytenoid muscles

Question 63

The ______ muscles lie lateral to the vocal ligaments within the vocal folds. The vocalis muscles produce minute adjustments of the vocal ligaments

Answer 63

vocalis

Question 64

Branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries supply the larynx - what are they?

Answer 64

Superior laryngeal artery Inferior laryngeal artery

Question 65

The laryngeal lymphatic vessels superior to the vocal folds accompany the superior laryngeal artery through the thyrohyoid membrane and drain into the _____________

Answer 65

superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 66

The lymphatic vessels inferior to the vocal folds drain into the __________ or ________ lymph nodes, which drain into the ___________ lymph nodes

Answer 66

pretracheal ; paratracheal ; inferior deep cervical

Question 67

The nerves of the larynx are the superior and inferior laryngeal branches of CN _____

Answer 67

X

Question 68

The superior laryngeal nerve arises in the carotid triangle and divides into: the ___________ nerve (sensory) and the __________ nerve (motor)

Answer 68

internal laryngeal ; external laryngeal

Question 69

The internal laryngeal nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane supplying sensation to _____ above true vocal folds

Answer 69

larynx

Question 70

The _________ nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle

Answer 70

external laryngeal

Question 71

Paralysis of the superior laryngeal nerve causes anesthesia of the ____________ mucosa

Answer 71

superior laryngeal

Question 72

Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve results in a

Answer 72

voice that is monotonous in character because the paralyzed cricothyroid muscle supplied by it is unable to vary the length and tension of the vocal fold

Question 73

Because the inferior laryngeal nerve supplies all the intrinsic muscles except the cricothyroid, the ________ nerve is the primary motor nerve of the larynx

Answer 73

inferior laryngeal

Question 74

Because the inferior laryngeal nerve innervates the muscles moving the vocal fold, paralysis of the vocal fold results when injury to_________ nerve occurs

Answer 74

inferior laryngeal

Question 75

Unilateral paralysis results in hoarseness because the paralyzed vocal fold cannot _________ to meet the normal vocal fold

Answer 75

adduct