phobias explanations Flashcards
(12 cards)
what is the name of the model?
two-process model
what approach explains phobias?
behaviourist
how are phobias acquired?
classical conditioning
how are phobias maintained?
specifically?
operant conditioning
negative reinforcement
what are the steps of classical conditioning?
NS –> NR
UCS –> UCR
NS + UCS –> UCR
CS –> CR
what are the steps of negative reinforcement?
the negative stimulus is avoided, reducing anxiety, which is desirable so is repeated which maintains the phobia
phobias explanation AO3 weakness 1
environmental reductionism, focus on experience, ignoring free will
phobias explanation AO3 weakness 1 CA
two process model resulted in systematic desensitisation ass a treatment which is effective
phobias explanations AO3 strength 1
real life application to individuals, phobias of dogs stemming from a negative experience
phobias are different to common fears in their severity
phobias explanation AO3 strength 1 CA
alternative explanation, evolved to be scared of the dark and snakes to survive, preparedness
phobias explanation AO3 strength 2
research support, Little Albert, showed the link between fear of an object and negative experiences associated with it
high internal validity, control
phobias explanation AO3 strength 2 CA
lab study looking at observable behaviour, ignoring cognitive factors like irrational thinking, not a full explanation
