Physical and Mental Demands of Performance Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Physical and Mental Demands of Performance Deck (32)
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1
Q

What is local muscular fatigue?

A

When a group of muscles is tired and unable to carry on contracting

2
Q

Give 2 effects of fatigue on performance

A

Muscles get tired and sore, unable to keep working
Reduced concentration
Skill level decreases as speed and strength decreases

3
Q

Define stress

A

The body’s reaction to change which requires a physical or emotional adjustment

4
Q

List 3 effects of stress on the body

A
Stress could result in:
Tension- causing the muscles to tighten
Anxiety- could feel worried about a performance and make mistakes
Nerves could make you feel sick
Motivation could decrease
5
Q

Define motivation and explain how it improves performance

A

The drive to succeed and achieve something. Can be intrinsic or extrinsic. Increased motivation means you will train more and try harder, developing your fitness and skills

6
Q

What are the 2 types of injuries

A

Internally caused injuries

Externally caused injuries

7
Q

Give an example of the 2 types of internally caused injuries

A

Overuse injuries- stress fractures, shin splints, tennis elbow (from repetitive action sports)
Sudden injuries- sprains and sprains

8
Q

List 4 factors that can result in externally caused injuries

A

Foul play- such as a studs up tackle
Equipment/clothing- damaged/faulty equipment or poorly fitting or inappropriate clothing or trainers
Accidents

9
Q

Which 3 precautions should you take before exercising

A

Risk assessment should be carried out and followed up
Warm ups should be carried out
All rules and codes of conduct should be followed

10
Q

Head injuries can result in

A

concussion

11
Q

A rapid cooling of the body is known as

A

hypothermia

12
Q

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

A

Strain- injury to a MUSCLE from overstretching

Sprain- injury to a JOINT where ligaments are damaged due to a twisting motion

13
Q

How do you treat soft tissue injuries?

A

RICE
Rest (stop playing)
Ice (apply ice, 20mins on/off= reduces swelling/pain)
Compression (apply a bandage= support/reduces swelling)
Elevation (raise it to reduce swelling)

14
Q

glucose + oxygen -> ENERGY + CO2 + H2O is the equation for

A

Aerobic respiration

15
Q

Describe the path of the oxygen from outside the body to the bloodstream

A

Nose/mouth -> trachea -> bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveoli -> gas exchange into capillaries

16
Q

What is gas exchange and which 2 places does it occur

A

The process where oxygen is taken in from the air and exchanged for carbon dioxide
Alveoli
Tissues

17
Q

Describe the action of breathing in (inspiration)

A
intercostal muscles contact
lifts ribs up and out
diaphragm contracts and flattens
= larger chest cavity
=air is sucked in to the lungs
18
Q

These are tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place

A

alveloi

19
Q

glucose -> ENERGY + lactic acid is the equation for

A

anaerobic respiration

20
Q

What is glycogen?

A

The main form of carbohydrate storage in the muscles and liver.

21
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

When we exercise anaerobically, we are not bringing in enough oxygen to provide energy and causes a build up of lactic acid. This builds up a debt that we repay at the end of exercise by breathing heavily when we finish working

22
Q

This is a mild poison that is a waste product of anaerobic exercise

A

lactic acid

23
Q

What are the 3 functions of the circulatory system?

A

Transports O2, Co2 and nutrients
Protection- WBCs fight infection
Controls body temperature- blood is shunted to the skin to release heat

24
Q

These are elastic blood vessels that transport oxygen rich blood away from the heart

A

arteries

25
Q

Describe veins

A

thin, less elastic and have valves to prevent back flow

26
Q

These blood vessels are 1 cell thick to allow for gas exchange

A

capillaries

27
Q

List the 4 parts of the blood and describe their function

A

RBCs- transport O2
WBCs- fight infection
Plasma- carries H20 and nutrients
Platelets- clot the blood

28
Q

Why is the heart known as a double pump?

A

It has 2 separate circuits:
Pulmonary- heart -> lungs -> heart
Systemic- heart -> body -> heart

29
Q

What is cardiovascular endurance?

A

The ability of the heart and lungs to supply oxygen to the muscles for long periods of time at medium intensity

30
Q

What are the components of the circulatory system?

A

The heart
Blood vessels
The blood

31
Q

List 3 immediate effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system

A

Increased breathing rate
Increased heart rate
Increased blood pressure

32
Q

Name 2 ways can you test your cardiovascular endurance

A

Resting heart rate
Pulse recovery rate
Multi stage fitness test/ 12 min Cooper run/ Harvard step test