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Year 11 second half > physics test waves > Flashcards

physics test waves Flashcards

1
Q

amplitude

A

– the distance from the equilibrium position to the maximum displacement

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2
Q

wavelength

A

the distance between a point on one wave and the corresponding point on the next wave

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3
Q

Frequency

A

the number of waves that pass a single point per second

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4
Q

Speed

A

the distance travelled by a wave each second

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5
Q

what is speed related to

A

frequency and wavelength

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6
Q

What does speed equal

A

𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚 × 𝒘𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉

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7
Q

transverse waves

A

Has crests and troughs
Vibrations of the particle are at right angles to the direction
of travel of the wave
An example is light

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8
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Consists of compressions (particles pushed together) and rarefactions
(particles moved apart)
Vibrations of particles are parallel to the direction of travel
of the wave
An example is sound

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9
Q

what is a wavefront

A

a surface containing points affected in the same way by a wave at a given time such as crests or troughs.

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10
Q

Reflection

A

Waves reflect off smooth, plane surfaces rather than
getting absorbed
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
Rough surfaces scatter the light in all directions, so they
appear matte and unreflective
Frequency, wavelength, and speed are all unchanged

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11
Q

Refraction

A

The speed of a wave changes when it enters a new medium
If the wave enters a more optically dense medium, its speed
decreases and it bends towards the normal
If the wave enters a less optically dense medium, its speed
increases and it bends away from the normal
In all cases, the frequency stays the same but the wavelength
changes.: speed is proportional to wavelength.

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12
Q

diffraction

A

Waves spread out when they go around the sides of
an obstacle or through a gap
The narrower the gap or the greater the
wavelength, the more the diffraction
Frequency, wavelength, and speed are all unchanged

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13
Q

What happens when light is reflected of a plane mirror

A 
Upright
Same distance from the mirror as the object
Same size
Virtual
A line joining object and image cuts the
mirror at right angles.
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14
Q

when can refraction be shown

A

when light is passed through a glass slab at an angle to its normal

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15
Q

When light enters a more optically dense medium

A

the angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction
The opposite is true when light enters a less optically dense medium.

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16
Q

Angle of incidence

A

The angle between the incident ray

and the normal

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17
Q

angle of refraction

A

The angle between the refracted ray and the normal

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18
Q

The refractive index n of a medium is defined as

A

the ratio between the speed of light

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19
Q

Total internal reflection occurs when

A

the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle and the light reflects back into the medium.
the light must also be travelling from a more optically dense medium into a less
optically dense medium (most common example is glass to air).

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20
Q

optical fibre

A

a long thin rod of glass surrounded by cladding which uses total internal reflection to transfer information by light, even when bent.

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21
Q

converging (convex) lens

A

A transparent block which brings light rays together at a point
called the principal focus by utilising refraction.

22
Q

focal length

A

the distance between the centre of the lens and the principal focus.

23
Q

when are real images formed

A

when the distance of the object from the centre of the
lens is greater than the focal length. They are images where light actually
converges to a position and can be projected onto a screen.

24
Q

When are virtual images formed

A

When the distance of the object from the centre of
the lens is smaller than the focal length. They are images where light only
appears to have converged and they cannot be projected onto a screen.

25
Q

How to describe image

A

The image formed is enlarged/same size/diminished and upright/inverted

26
Q

where are converging lenses used in

A

Converging lenses are used in magnifying glasses and binoculars

27
Q

What happens when white light is passed through a glass prism

A

When white light is passed through a glass prism, it splits
up into its constituent colours. This happens because the
different colours travel at different speeds in the glass, so
they refract by different amounts.

28
Q

what are the seven colours in order of decreasing wavelength

A

The seven colours in order of decreasing wavelength
are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet
(ROYGBIV).

29
Q

the shorter the wavelength the greater the

A

refractive index.

30
Q

Properties of electromagnetic waves

A 
Transverse waves
Do not need a medium
All electromagnetic waves travel with the same high speed of 3.0 x 108 ms -1 in a vacuum
and approximately the same speed in air
can be polarised
31
Q

Typical wavelengths

A 
radio: several metres to several km;
• microwaves: 2 - 3 cm;
• infra-red: between 780 nm and 1 mm;
• visible light: 4 x 10-7 to 7 x 10-7 m;
• u.v. : 100-400 nm;
• X-rays: ~ 10-8 to 10-11 m;
• gamma rays < 10-12 m
32
Q

The higher the frequency of an EM wave, the greater its ____

A

energy

33
Q

Radio waves are used for

A

radio and television communications. They have a longwavelength
and are reflected by the ionosphere.

34
Q

Microwaves are used for

A

satellite communication and in microwave oven. They pass through the
ionosphere and penetrate deep into food.

35
Q

Infrared radiation is used in

A

remote controllers and infrared cameras.

36
Q

Visible light is used in

A

fibre optics.

37
Q

Ultraviolet light is used in

A

medical and dental practices such as killing bacteria, creating
fluorescent effects, curing inks and resins, phototherapy

38
Q

X-rays are used in

A

medical imaging and in security as they can penetrate material easily

39
Q

Gamma radiation is used in

A

medicine (radiotherapy), industry (sterilization and disinfection) due
to its high energy.

40
Q

Hazards of electromagnetic waves

A

Too much exposure to ultraviolet light skin increases the risk of skin cancer.
X-rays and gamma rays are ionising radiation that can cause mutations leading to cancer.
Microwaves can cause internal heating of body tissues.
Infrared radiation can cause skin burns.

41
Q

Sound waves

A

Sound waves are longitudinal waves created by vibrating sources.
Sound waves comprise compressions and rarefactions.
The wavelength is the distance from the centre of one compression (or from the centre of one
rarefaction) to the centre of the next compression (or rarefaction).
A medium is needed to transmit sound waves (such as air).

42
Q

amplitude and frequency of sound waves

A

The greater the amplitude of a sound wave, the louder it is.

The greater the frequency of a sound wave, the higher its pitch.

43
Q

Speed of sound in different mediums

A

The speed of sound in air is 343 ms-1(increases with temperature), the speed of sound in water is 1493 ms-1, and the speed of sound in steel is 5130 ms-1

44
Q

The range of audible frequencies for a healthy human ear is

A

20 Hz to 20000 Hz.

45
Q

Infrasound

A

Is low-frequency sound waves with a frequency below 20 Hz.

46
Q

Ultrasound

A

Is high frequency sound with a frequency greater than 20000 Hz

47
Q

Where do you measure amplitude from

A

the middle line

48
Q

The sine of the critical angle at an air-glass surface is equal to

A

1/refractive index of glass

49
Q

A real image of an object projected onto a screen by a converging lens is always ___

A

inverted

50
Q

What is the wavelength of microwaves

A

0.125m

51
Q

What type of electro magnetic wave does a tv sensor use

A

infrared

52
Q

What sit he speed of sound in water

A

1500 m/s

Year 11 second half (42 decks)

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