Planes Of Motion

Question 1

Osteokinematics

Answer 1

Movement of a limb that is visible

Question 2

Arthrokinematics

Answer 2

The description of a joint surface movement; consists of three major types: roll, slide, & spin

Question 3

Sagittal Plane

Answer 3

An imaginary bisect that divides the body into left & right halves

Question 4

Flexion

Answer 4

A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases

Question 6

Hyperextension

Answer 6

Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion

Question 7

Dorsiflexion

Answer 7

Flexion occurring at the ankle

Question 8

Plantar Flexion

Answer 8

Extension occurring at the ankle. Pointing the foot downwards

Question 9

Frontal Plane

Answer 9

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into front & back halves. Movement in the frontal plane includes abduction, adduction, & side-to-side motions

Question 10

Abduction

Answer 10

A movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body

Question 11

Adduction

Answer 11

A movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body

Question 12

Lateral Flexion

Answer 12

Bending of the spine from side to side

Question 13

Eversion

Answer 13

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves laterally. The bottom of the foot faces outward

Question 14

Inversion

Answer 14

A movement in which the inferior calcaneus (heel bone) moves medially. Bottom of foot faces inward

Question 15

Transverse Plane

Answer 15

An imaginary bisector that divides the body into top & bottom halves

Question 16

Internal Rotation

Answer 16

Rotation of a body segment toward the midline of the body

Question 17

External Rotation

Answer 17

Rotation of a body segment away from the middle of the body

Question 18

Horizontal Abduction

Answer 18

Movement of the arm or thing in the transverse plane (front of body) from an anterior (front) position to a lateral (side) position

Question 19

Horizontal Adduction

Answer 19

Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse (front of body) plane from a lateral (side) position to an anterior (front) position

Question 20

Radioulnar Pronation

Answer 20

Inward rotation of the forearm from a palm-up position to a palm-down position

Question 21

Radioulnar Supination

Answer 21

Outward rotation of the forearm from a palm-down position to a palm-up position

Question 22

Pronation of the Foot

Answer 22

Multiplanar movement of the foot & ankle complex consisting of eversion, dorsiflexion, & ankle abduction; associated with force reduction

Question 23

Supination of the Foot

Answer 23

Multiplanar movement of the foot & ankle complex consisting of inversion, plantar flexion, & ankle adduction; associated with force production

Question 24

Gait

Answer 24

Biomechanical motion of the lower extremities during walking, running, & sprinting

Question 25

Scapular Retraction

Answer 25

Adduction of scapulae; shoulder blades move toward the midline

Question 26

Scapular Protraction

Answer 26

Abduction of the scapulae; shoulder blades move away from the midline

Question 27

Scapular Depression

Answer 27

Downward (inferior) motion of the scapulae

Question 28

Scapular Elevation

Answer 28

Upward (superior) motion of the scapulae

Question 29

Elasticity

Answer 29

The ability of soft tissues to return to resting length after being stretched

Question 30

Ligament

Answer 30

A fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Question 31

Flexibility

Answer 31

The normal extensibility of soft tissues that allows for full range of motion of a joint

Question 32

Hypermobility

Answer 32

A state where a lack of neuromuscular support leads to a joint having more range of motion than it should, greatly increasing the risk of jury at that joint

Question 33

Hypomobility

Answer 33

When range of motion at a joint is limited