Plant Evolution And Adaptation

Question 1

How do scientist describe plants?

Answer 1

Multicellular eukaryotes with tissues and organs with specific functions.

Question 2

How many years old is earth?

Answer 2

4.6 billion years ago

Question 3

How many years ago does the primitive land plants first appeared?

Answer 3

400 million years ago

Question 4

What does fossil evidence indicates?

Answer 4

That 500 mya, Earth’s shallow waters had algae, bacteria, and protists.

Question 5

Which are the characteristics of the green algae?

Answer 5

• Is photosynthetic
• Is a freshwater eukaryote.
• Contains clorophyll

Question 6

Which are the adaptations that plants developed to survive terrestrial environments?

Answer 6

Cuticle, Stomata, Vascular tissues, and Seeds.

Question 7

What is the cuticle?

Answer 7

Is a waxy coat on the outer surface of plant cells.

Question 8

What is the cuticles purpose?

Answer 8

Conserving water.

Question 9

What are the stomata?

Answer 9

Small openings or pores that allow gas exchange.

Question 10

What does photosynthesis creates?

Answer 10

Glucose and oxygen.

Question 11

What are vascular tissues?

Answer 11

Are specialized transport tissues that transport substances into and out of cells, but also moves substances from cell to cell

Question 12

A characteristic of vascular plants:

Answer 12

Usually are larger than nonvascular plants

Question 13

A characteristic of nonvascular plants:

Answer 13

Lack transport tissues, and they move water from cell to cell using diffusion and osmosis

Question 14

Examples of vascular plants:

Answer 14

• Trees
• Grasses
• Ferns
• Flowering plants

Question 15

Examples of nonvascular plants:

Answer 15

• Mosses
• Liverworts
• Hornworts

Question 16

What does the plants produce in order to reproduce:

Answer 16

Spores or seeds.

Question 17

What are spores?

Answer 17

Are how nonseeded plants reproduce.

Question 18

What do seeds contain?

Answer 18

Contain an embryo and nutrients to feed that embryo.

Question 19

How many stages does the plants cycle has?

Answer 19

Two stages.

Question 20

Which are those two stages?

Answer 20

Gametophyte and sporophyte

Question 21

What does gametophytes produce?

Answer 21

Gametes

Question 22

Which are the two gametes and for who?

Answer 22

Sperms, for male and eggs, for female.

Question 23

What are haploid cells?

Answer 23

Have half the number of chromosomes-DNA in the form of genes. Also gametes are haploid cells.

Question 24

What does sporophytes produce?

Answer 24

Spores

Question 25

What are zygotes?

Answer 25

• Is the very first cell that’s a combination of the parents’ DNA (of two gametes)

Question 26

Which generation is most common in vascular plants and which one in nonvascular plants?

Answer 26

The sporophytes are most common on the vascular plants, and the gametophytes are most common in nonvascular plants.

Question 27

How do plants divide?

Answer 27

Vascular and nonvascular

Question 28

How does the vascular plants divide?

Answer 28

Seeded and nonseeded.

Question 29

Which are the types of nonseeded plants?

Answer 29

Lycophytes (Club Mosses), and Pterophytes (Horsetail, ferns)

Question 30

Which are the types of seed producing plants?

Answer 30

Cycadophytes (Cycads), Gnetophytes (Joint firs), Ginkgoephytes (Ginkgoes), Coniferophytes (Pines), Antophytes (Flowering plants)

Question 31

What are epiphytes?

Answer 31

Plant that grows on the surface of another plant.