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Pharmaceutical Botany + Taxonomy > Plant Structure and their functions > Flashcards

Plant Structure and their functions Flashcards

1
Q

Enumerate the different root systems

A

Taproot system

Fibrous (Diffuse) root system

Adventitious roots

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2
Q

A strongly developed main root which grows downwards bearing lateral roots much smaller than itself

A

Taproot system

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3
Q

Root systems modified for reaching deep water in the ground

A

Taproot system

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4
Q

This root system has several to many roots of the same size that develop from the end of the stem with smaller lateral roots branching off of them

A

Fibrous (Diffuse) system

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5
Q

These plants are excellent for preventing erosion

A

Fibrous (Diffuse) System

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6
Q

Roots that develops in unusual places

A

Adventitious roots

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7
Q

Common along rhizomes of ferns, club mosses and horsetail

A

Adventitious roots

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8
Q

In some plants, they are primary means of vegetative reproduction

A

Adventitious roots

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9
Q

In some plants, they are primary means of vegetative reproduction

A

Adventitious roots

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10
Q

A covering of cells over the root tip that protects delicate meristematic tissues directly behind it

A

Root cap

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11
Q

An extension of an epidermal cell of a root that increases absorptive capacity of the root

A

Root hair

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12
Q

True or False: Root caps are only present in some root tips

A

False, each root tip has a root cap

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13
Q

A protective thimble-like layer

A

root cap

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14
Q

What does the root cap cover

A

The delicate root apical meristem

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15
Q

Short-lived unicellular extension

A

Root hair

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16
Q

cellular extensions of ___________ near the growing tip

A

Epidermal cells

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17
Q

Increases the surface area of root in contact with moist soil, increasing root’s absorptive capacity

A

Root hair

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18
Q

Vascular tissues are found in the center of the plant

A

Dicot

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19
Q

The vascular tissues are scattered

A

Monocot

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20
Q

Enumerate the roots with unusual functions

A

• Prop Roots
• Buttress Roots
• Pneumatophores

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21
Q

An adventitious root that arises from the stem and provides additional support for the plant.

A

Prop root

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22
Q

Holds the trees upright and aid in the extensive distribution of the shallow roots.

A

Buttress

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23
Q

A specialized aerial root produced by certain trees living in swampy habitats

A

Pneumatophore

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24
Q

contains thick, tough tissue, and live for more than a year

A

Woody stems

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25
Q

contains soft, green, juicy tissues and live for one year.

A

Herbaceous Stems

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26
Q

an underdeveloped shoot that contains an embryonic meristem

A

Bud

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27
Q

bud at the end of stem

A

Terminal

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28
Q

bud on the side of the stem

A

Anxillary

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29
Q

the area on stem where one or more leaves is attached.

A

Node

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30
Q

the area on a stembetween two successive nodes.

A

Internode

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31
Q

an outer covering which provides protection in herbaceous stem

A

Epidermis

32
Q

a waxy layer that reduces water loss from the stem surface, usually
covers the epidermis.

A

Cuticle

33
Q

inside the epidermis; A complex tissue that may contain parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

A

Cortex

34
Q

store starch grains and crystals.

A

Parenchyma cells

35
Q

confer strength and structural support for the stem.

A

Collenchyma & Sclerenchyma cells

36
Q

transports water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves.

A

Xylem

37
Q

transports dissolved carbohydrates (sucrose) often from the leaves to the roots.

A

Phloem

38
Q

sandwiched between the xylem and phloem

A

Vascular cambium

39
Q

a lateral meristem that is responsible for secondary growth.

A

Vascular cambium

40
Q

a ground tissue composed of large, thin- walled parenchyma cells that function primarily for storage.

A

Pith

41
Q

Have scattered vascular bundles

A

Monocot stem

42
Q

Have ground tissue instead of distinct cortex and pith

A

Monocot stem

43
Q

Have vascular bundles arranged in a circle

A

Dicot stem

44
Q

Have a distinct cortex and pith

A

Dicot stem

45
Q

a horizontal underground stem that often serves as a storage organ and a means of sexual reproduction.

A

Rhizome

46
Q

Give examples of Rhizome

A

Bamboos, ginger, turmeric

47
Q

the thickened end of a rhizome that is fleshy and enlarged for a food storage.

A

Tuber

48
Q

Give examples of tuber

A

potatoes, yam

49
Q

a rounded, fleshy underground bud that consists of a short stem with fleshy leaves.

A

Bulb

50
Q

Give an example of a bulb

A

Onion

51
Q

a short, thickened underground stem specialized for food storage and asexual reproduction.

A

Corm

52
Q

an aerial horizontal stem with long internodes

A

Stolons

53
Q

Examples of stolons

A

Strawberry

54
Q

Enumerate the asexual reproductions of the stem

A
  • Rhizome
  • Tuber
  • Bulb
  • Bulb
  • Corm
  • Stolons
55
Q

It is the lateral outgrown of the stem generally flattered, expanded and green due to chlorophyll pigment.

A

Leaf

56
Q

What are the two primary functions of leaves

A

photosynthesis and transpiration.

57
Q

How are leaves classified, enumerate.

A

Blade patterns
Shape
Margin and base modifications
Arrangement on the stem
Venation pattern

58
Q

The broad, flat part of a leaf

A

Blade

59
Q

The part of a leaf the attaches the blade to the stem.

A

Petiole

60
Q

Are leaf like outgrowths usually present in pairs at the base of the petiole

A

Stipules

61
Q

What are the major tissues of the leaf?

A

Epidermis, Mesophyll, Xylem, and Phloem

62
Q

A small pore flanked by guard cells in the epidermis

A

Stoma

63
Q

A cell in the epidermis of a stem or lead; two _________ form a pore, called a stoma, for gas exchange.

A

Guard cell

64
Q

Usually narrow

A

Monocot leaves

65
Q

Parallel venation

A

Monocot

66
Q

Broad, flattened leaf blade

A

Dicot leaves

67
Q

Netted venation

A

Dicot

68
Q

What is the scientific name of privet

A

Ligustrum vulgare

69
Q

Facilitates gas exchange between the atmosphere and submerged roots

A

Pneumatophore

70
Q

Enumerate the different leaf forms

A

Simple, Pinnately Compound, Palmately compound

71
Q

Enumerate the leaf arrangements on a stem

A

Alternate, opposite, and whorled

72
Q

Enumerate the venation patterns

A

Parallel, Pinnately netted, Palmately netted

73
Q

Covers the upper and lower surface of the leaf blade

A

Epidermis

74
Q

The photosynthetic tissue in the interior of a leaf

A

Mesophyll

75
Q

A waxy covering over the epidermis of the aerial parts (leaves and stem) of a plant

A

Cuticle

Pharmaceutical Botany + Taxonomy (23 decks)

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