Plant tissues

Question 1

Meristematic tissues

Answer 1

• majority of dividing cells
• perpetually juvenile (stem cells)
• totipotent (can form parts of the plant) or pluripotent like stem cells
• small, soft, thin-walled
• highly active metabolically
• made from parenchyma

These are patches of juvenile cells

1. herbaceous
2. woody
3. ????

Question 2

Apical meristems

Answer 2

• near shoot tip or root tip
• present in seed
• produce primary growth (How plant grows,,, meristem dividing) of primary tissues
• protoderm, procambium (leaves islands o cells behind hat retain the ability to divide), ground meristem (Leave buds behind)

Question 3

Lateral meristems

Answer 3

Vascular cambium, cork cambium…
Produce secondary tissue (growing outward, not lengthwise )
Will be found in dicot. This will extent as a cylinder, woody tissues of plant comes from vascular cambium (apical meristem left behind)
Cork Cambium does not come from apical meristem… ground meristem forms cork cambium which will make the bark of the plant

Question 4

root function

Answer 4

function: anchor plant, absorb water and minerals, store food

Question 5

root location

Answer 5

fibrous root: shallow, upper meter of the ground,
or taproot: can grow down, or can be shallow.

Question 6

tap root with deep roots

Answer 6

alfalfa, field bindweed, tamarisk (comes from africa, does well in the desert due to the. deep root), mesquite bush…

Question 7

tap root with shallow root

Answer 7

sitka spruce, cardon cactus

Question 8

Development of root (taproot)

Answer 8

From the radicle of a seed, may be fairly large with branch roots.

Question 9

development of fibrous root

Answer 9

narrow, adventitious (any root developed from shoot tissue) ,from lower stem…

Question 10

adventitiousroot

Answer 10

from shoot tissue
examples: banyan, coleus

Question 11

intercalary meristem

Answer 11

in between. found in grass, usually by the nodes

Question 12

parenchyma tissue

Answer 12

• simple tissue
• common trhoughout plant
• thin walled, spherical
• often loosely grouped
• vacuoles may store things
• can divide

Question 13

examples of parenchyma

Answer 13

• aerenchyma: loosely clustered with air between them, moves oxygen to plants that may be underwater. (aer = air)
• chlorenchyma: have many chloroplasts.. soft
• transfer cells: irregular inner walls, rough plasma membrane, helps to secrete things.

Question 14

collenchyma (celery)

Answer 14

• simple
• spherical or elongated living cells
• primary cell walls thickened in corners
• provide support

Question 15

sclerenchyma

Answer 15

• simple
• thick, lignified secondary walls
• usually dead when mature
• protection and support
• sclereids (stone cells, short, walls thick)
• and fibers

Question 16

xylem

Answer 16

• complex tissue: conducting water
• trachids: simple pits and bordered pits…
• vessel elements: barrels, transports liquid
• fibers
• ray cells: holds rings together and allows passage of products thru xylem

Question 17

phloem

Answer 17

• complex tissue, cells are alive
• moves glucose and hormones around
• sieve tube members : thick walled, stack to form tubes sieve plates
• companion cells: provide E for transport in phloem
• full of cytoplasm, no nucleus in order to move food
• callose… if cell wounded, will precipitate and form a plug

Question 18

companion cells

Answer 18

• shorter cells
• packed next to sieve tube members
• controlled sieve tube members

Question 19

epidermis

Answer 19

• complex tissue
• root hairs
• one cell thick
• velamen roots
• hair and gland cells
• guard cells (photosynthetic, can change pressure to open stomata)
• secrete cutin to form waterproof cuticle

Question 20

periderm

Answer 20

• complex tissue
• replace epidermis during growth
• forms bark that has the cork cambium
• boxy cork cells, dead at maturity
• lenticels are opening in the periderm to get oxygen to the cells

Question 21

secretory tissues

Answer 21

• complex tissue
• resin ducts
• individual or network of cells that secrete stuff