Plants Topic 1-3 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
What is fibre?
A
Tissues of plants from the stem, leaves, seeds, or roots
2
Q
What do plants do?
A
Produce oxygen and use up carbon dioxide.
One hectare of trees can remove over 1 tonnes of C02 per year
Basis for most food chains
Provide shelter
Clean and Filter Water
Roots help keep soil in place
3
Q
What is the formula for photosynthesis?
A
6CO2 + 6H20 ——————— 1C6 H12 06
sun’s energy sugar
4
Q
What is the formula for respiration?
A
6C02 + C6 H12 06 —————— 6C02 + 6H20
Energy Out
5
Q
How much of wold’s food supply is based off of the seven major crops?
A
75%
6
Q
What are the seven major crops?
A
- Wheat
- Rice
- Maize
- Potatoes
- Barley
- Cassava
- Sorghum
7
Q
What is a synthetic fibre, examples?
A
Manufactured fibre, ex. polyester and nylon
8
Q
What are some examples of natural fibers?
A
Cotton, Hemp, and Flax
9
Q
What sets cotton apart from various other synthetic fibers?
A
Cotton is able to absorb moisture
10
Q
What is the world’s most important non-edible plant?
A
Cotton
11
Q
What is the original material for blue jeans?
A
Hemp
12
Q
What is the oldest cultivated fibre in the world?
A
Hemp
13
Q
List four benefits of hemp.
A
- produced 4 times more fibre than the same amount of trees.
- Ready to harvest in one year.
- Hemp paper lasts long than wood fibre paper, and can be recycled up to seven times
- resistant to harsh climate , not eaten by pests
14
Q
Why doesn’t hemp replace wood?
A
The price to replace machinery to produce hemp
15
Q
Where is flax grown?
A
Northern Climates
16
Q
True or False - Flax is 2-3 times stronger than cotton
A
True
17
Q
What is flax used to make?
A
- Linen Paper
- Paints and Varnish ( from lineseed oil )
- Flaxseed
18
Q
How many medications are derived from plants?
A
over 7000
19
Q
What types of medications are plants used for?
A
Heart drugs, cancer medications, antibiotics, and pain medications.
20
Q
What are five examples of medications derived from plants?
A
- Aspirin
- Opium
- Morphine
- Codeine
- Quinine
21
Q
What plant is used to make aspirin?
A
Bark of a white willow tree
22
Q
What is the most powerful pain medication?
A
Morphine
23
Q
What plant is used to make morphine? What part of the plant specifically?
A
The milky fluid in the poppy’s seed pod, stem, and leaves.
24
Q
What other medication besides morphine is found in the poppy?
A
Codeine
25
Where does the Quinine medication come from?
The cinchona tree that grows in the humid forests of the South American Andes
26
What is the Quinine medication used for?
Malaria - a deadly diseased carried by certain tropical mosquitoes
27
What is one of the most important plant products we use today?
Rubber
28
How did rubber change out world drastically?
When people figured how to turn liquid rubber ( latex ) to a hard, yet flexible material.
29
Where does natural rubber come from?
the Brazilian Rubber Tree
30
What material do most of our vehicle tires use today?
Synthetic rubber - made from coal and oil based products
31
Besides transportation on roads, what other types of transportation has plants affected?
Transportation on water
32
What is a object that is used to transport things on water?
Canoe
33
What are canoe made out of?
Hollowed out red cedar or birch bark
34
What other products are derived from plants - specifically machinery parts of planes, trains, and automobiles
Lubricants
35
What type of liquid fuel can sugar from plants be turn into?
Ethanol
36
What is fuel made from wood?
Methanol
37
What allows plants to live in various conditions?
Special structures and adaptations
38
What are stomas?
tiny holes in the bottom of the leaf ( located under the leaf )?
39
Why are stomas located under the leaf?
For shade and water dioxide
40
What are guard cells?
Protective cells around the stoma that keep the nutrients inside?
41
What are 3 important functions that roots perform?
1. absorb water and minerals from the soil
2. support and anchor the plan so that it is not blown over by wind or washed away by water
3. Store food to help the plant survive during times of scarcity.
42
What is a taproot?
A straight tapering root growing vertically downward and forming the center from which subsidiary rootlets spring.
43
What are smaller roots covered in?
Tiny root hairs
44
What function do smaller roots and root hairs obtain?
Can increase the ability to absorb water and nutrients
45
How long are the taproots of a moss campion?
2 metres
46
What are fibrous roots?
a system of shallow, similar sized roots that can quickly soak up moisture?
47
What is a plant that has floating roots?
Duckweed
48
What are 6 root crops?
1. Carrots
2. Beets
3. Turnips
4. Radishes
5. Parsnips
6. Rutabagas
49
What is one function of the stem of a plant?
To transport water and nutrients between the leaves and the roots
50
What are the 5 parts of a tree trunk?
1. Heartwood
2. Xylem
3. Cambium
4. Phloem
5. Bark
51
What is the heartwood?
dead wood in the middle of tree trunk
52
What is xylem?
Part of tree trunk that carries things upward
53
What is the cambium?
Growing part of the tree trunk
54
What is the phloem?
Part of tree trunk that carries things down from the leaves
55
What is the bark?
Woody skin that protects the tree
56
What pigment makes leaves green?
Chlorophyll
57
What is the energy storing chemical in a plant?
Sugar
58
How does carbon dioxide enter a plant?
Through tiny holes known as the stoma
59
Since stomas are on the bottom the leaf, what part of the leaf does it allow carbon dioxide easy access to?
The spongy layer of the leaf
60
What do guard cells surround and control?
Guard cells surround each stoma and control the size of the stoma
61
What happens when plants respirate?
At night when photosynthesis does not occur, plants release carbon dioxide and let oxygen into their cells.
62
What is respiration?
a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances.
63
What occurs when guard cells absorb water?
They swell and the stoma opens to let water vapor out
64
What is transpiration?
Loss of water by evaporation
65
Label Plant Cross Section Diagram
-SEE IMAGE ON DESKTOP-
66
What is diffusion?
Tendency of particles in a gas or liquid to become evenly distributed by moving from areas of greater concentration to areas of lesser concentration
67
What is an example of diffusion?
When perfume is sprayed in a room, the scent diffuses throughout quite quickly
68
What does it mean when a cell is permeable?
They only let certain materials pass in and out of the cell
69
What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane
70
What is the cuticle?
waxy layer on the upper epidermis to reduce water loss
71
What is the palisade cell layer?
layer without chloroplasts beneath the upper epidermis
72
What is the upper and lower epidermis?
protective layers on the upper and lower sides of the leaf
73
What are 5 factors that affect transpiration?
1. temperature
2. light intensity
3. light duration
4. wind speed
5. relative humidity
74
What is the function of vessels in the stem of a plant?
to transport sap and water throughout the plant.
75
What is selective breeding?
People have chosen specific plants with particular charascterics and encouraged these plants to reprouduce
76
What is an example of selective breeding in Canada?
Canadian researchers were responsible for developing canola (Canadian + oil). The original plant was rapeseed, but they selectively bred rapeseed plants that produced a good-tasting oil
77
What have companies continue to explore in relation to breeding crops?
Work continues with breeding to produce crops that are resistant to disease, drought, and even chemicals.
78
What is the process of genetic modification?
take genes and combine them with genetic material from other plants. This is put back into the plant and is used to create a new plant.
79
What is vegetative or asexual reproduction?
occurs when a “parent” plant grows new plants from its roots, stems or leaves.
80
What is grafting?
Grafting is when you take a branch from one tree and attach it to another, where it will grow and thrive
81
What is layering?
Layering is when a branch from a plant is bent down to the ground and covered with soil. Roots will grow from the buried stem and eventually a new plant will grow.
82
What is cuttings?
Small sections of leaf and cut from a parent plant to grow new plants
83
What do female cones contain?
Ovules (eggs)
84
What do male cones contain?
Pollen grains with sperm
85
How are pollen grains transported to female cones?
Wind, however almost never reaches them
86
By chance pollen grains reaches the female cones what happens now? What is the process called?
The eggs are fertilized and tiny seed begins to grow, this process is called pollination?
87
After pollination what occurs now?
Female cones then release their seeds which will get carried elsewhere, buried, and grow a new tree
88
Why are flowers typically bright colored?
To attract insects and other animals who will help pollinate the plant whole feeding on the plant's nectar
89
What may flowers have strong scents?
To guide insects and animals at night
90
What happens if flowers aren't as "showy"
The often depend on the wind to spread their pollen instead
91
What are the three ways in which pollination can occur?
1. Self Pollination
2. In Cross Pollination
3. Artificial Pollination
92
What is self pollination?
The sperm fertilized egg in the same plant?
93
What is an example of a plant that self pollinates?
Barley
94
What is in-cross pollination?
The eggs of one plant are fertilized by the sperm from another plant
95
What is artificial pollination?
Where humans are breeding specific plants together for their traits - selective breeding
96
What is germination?
the development of the seed into a new plant
97
What happens after a seed has been disperses and reaches the ground?
It will remain inactive until the growing conditions are right.
98
LABEL PARTS OF A FLOWER
-Refer to photo on desktop-
99
Why is the stigma higher than the anther?
The anthers and stigma occur at different heights to prevent self fertilization and to encourage cross fertilization
