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Bachelor of Paramedic Science > PME3 Final > Flashcards

PME3 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four classes of cardiovascular drugs?

A

I - sodium blockers
II - beta blockers
III - potassium blockers
IV - calcium blockers

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2
Q

What are the cardiovascular drugs toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

agitated
ALOC
seizures
bradycardia
hypotension
heart blocks
QRS widening
VF/VT
metabolic disturbances
electrolyte disturbances
weakness
nausea/vomiting

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3
Q

What is the cardiovascular drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on, IV fluids
D - IV access, IV fluids/glucose, maintain normothermia
CCP backup for atropine, adrenaline, sodium bicrbonate, calcium gluconate, magnesium sulphate
early hospital notification

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4
Q

What are the common sodium blocker drugs?

A

TCAs - ‘ine’ suffix
flecainide (CVS)
propafenone (CVS)
propranolol (CVS)
dextropropoxyphene (opioid)

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5
Q

What are the types of antidepressant drugs?

A

SSRIs
SNRIs
TCAs
MAOIs

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6
Q

What are the common SSRI drugs?

A

fluoxetine (prozac)
sertraline
citalopram

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7
Q

What are the common SNRI drugs?

A

venlafaxine (efexol)
desvenlafaxine
duloxetine

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8
Q

What are the common TCA drugs?

A

amitryptyline
imipramine (endep)
nortryptyline

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9
Q

What are the common MAOI drugs?

A

phenelzine
tranylcypromine
moclobemide

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10
Q

What are the serotonin syndrome signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
agitation
hallucinations
tachypnoea
hypertension
tachycardia
diaphoresis
tremors
ocular/inducible/spontaneous clonus
muscle rigidity
hyperreflexia
hyperthermia

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11
Q

What is the antidepressant drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on
D - IV access IV fluids/IV fluids, maintain normothermia
CCP backup for sodium bicrbonate
Consult for GTN if significantly hypertensive
early hospital notification

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12
Q

What is the lithium drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on
D - IV access IV fluids/glucose, maintain normothermia/aggressively cool hyperthermic Pt
CCP backup for sodium bicrbonate
early hospital notification

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13
Q

What is the anticonvulsant drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on
D - IV access, IV fluids/glucose fluids, maintain normothermia/aggressively cool hyperthermic Pt
CCP backup for sodium bicrbonate
early hospital notification

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14
Q

What is the antipsychotic drugs toxicity treatment approach?

A

treat symptomatically
consider:
A - suctioning, early advanced airway management
B - oxygen, IPPV
C - 12 lead, serial printouts, pads on
D - IV access, IV fluids/glucose, maintain normothermia/aggressively cool hyperthermic Pt
CCP backup for sodium bicrbonate
early hospital notification

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15
Q

What are the antidepressant toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

agitated delirium
ALOC
seizures
lethargy
nystagmus
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
PR, QRS & QT widening
flat/inverted T waves
gastric irritation
urinary retention
hyperthermia
tremors

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16
Q

What are the lithium toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
seizures
delirium
lethargy
nystagmus
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
QRS widening
QT prolongation
right axis deviation
gastric irritation
urinary retention
muscle rigidity
hyperthermia

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17
Q

What are the antipsychotics toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
seizures
delirium
lethargy
nystagmus
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
QRS widening
QT prolongation
right axis deviation
gastric irritation
urinary retention
muscle rigidity
hyperthermia

18
Q

What are the anticonvulsants toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
seizures
delirium
lethargy
nystagmus
respiratory depression
tachycardia
hypotension
QRS widening
QT prolongation
right axis deviation
gastric irritation
urinary retention
muscle rigidity
hyperthermia

19
Q

What are the ethanol toxicity signs and symptoms?

A

ALOC
disinhibition
ataxia
aggression/ABD
respiratory depression
hypotension
hypothermia
nausea/vomiting

20
Q

What are the differential diagnosis of ethanol toxicity?

A

Encephalopathy
Head injury
Hypo-/hyperthermia
Intracranial infarction or haemorrhage
Metabolic disturbance
Overdose or other toxin
Post-ictal state
Psychosis
Sepsis

21
Q

What is Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE)?

A

acute neuropsychiatric syndrome that develops in alcohol-dependent individuals as a result of thiamine (B1) deficiency

22
Q

What is alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA)?

A

medical condition that develops in the alcoholic patient in response to starvation

23
Q

What are the alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA) signs and symptoms?

A

hx of prolonged heavy alcohol misuse
bout of excessive intake terminated several days earlier by nausea, severe vomiting and abdominal pain
tachypnoea
tachycardia
hypotension
diffuse epigastric tenderness on palpation

24
Q

What are the ethanol withdrawal syndrome signs and symptoms?

A

insomnia
visual hallucinations
seizures
delirium
tachycardia
hypertension
nausea
anorexia
coarse tremor
hyperreflexia

25
What is the ethanol toxicity treatment approach?
treat symptomatically consider: A - suctioning, early advanced airway management B - oxygen, IPPV C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on D - IV access, IV fluids, antiemetic
26
What are the theophylline and caffeine toxicity signs and symptoms?
Anxiety insomnia seizures Tachypnoea ST, SVT, AF, VT, refractory hypotension. Hypokalaemia hyperglycaemia
27
What is the theophylline and caffeine toxicity treatment approach?
treat symptomatically correct metabolic derangements
28
What are the metformin toxicity signs and symptoms?
Fatigue irritability ALOC seizures coma dyspnoea/tachypnoea/hyperpnoea dysrhythmias tachycardia hypotension nausea/vomiting abdominal pain decreased urine output renal failure hypothermia
29
What is the metformin syndrome treatment approach?
treat symptomatically consider: A - suctioning, early advanced airway management B - oxygen, IPPV C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on D - IV access, glucose, maintain normothermia CCP backup early hospital notification
30
What is the paracetamol overdose treatment approach?
May be asymptomatic; do NOT leave behind treat symptomatically consider: A - suctioning, early advanced airway management B - oxygen IPPV C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on D - IV access, glucose Early sitrep, request backup if ALOC early hospital notification; consider bypass Rapid transport
31
What is the NSAID overdose treatment approach?
May be asymptomatic; do NOT leave behind treat symptomatically consider: A - suctioning, early advanced airway management B - oxygen, IPPV C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on early sitrep, request backup if ALOC early hospital notification; consider bypass Rapid transport
32
What are the paracetamol (third stage) toxicity signs and symptoms?
Irritability weakness ALOC Seizures coma (due to encephalopathy) Tachycardia hypotension Coagulopathy (either prolonged or DIC) Electrolytic derangement Anorexia nausea/, vomiting diarrhoea jaundice Blood sugar instability hypoglycaemia renal failure
33
What are the NSAID toxicity signs and symptoms?
CNS depression coma haemorrhagic stroke risk heamatemesis tachycardia hypotension nausea/vomiting abdo pain renal failure haematuria malaena electrolyte derangement coagulopathy thrombocytopenic purpura (rare)
34
What are the opioid toxicity signs and symptoms?
CNS depression miosis loss of airway reflexes respiratory depression apnoea bradycardia/tachycardia hypotension nausea/vomiting hypothermia skin necrosis
35
What is the opioid overdose treatment approach?
treat symptomatically consider: verbal de-escalation/QPS/physical restraint/EEA A - suctioning, early advanced airway management B - oxygen, IPPV, naloxone C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on D - IV access, IV fluids, glucose Early sitrep, request backup if ALOC early hospital notification; consider bypass Rapid transport
36
What are the benzodiazepine toxicity signs and symptoms?
ALOC drowsiness slurred Speech/ataxia bradyponea bradycardia hypotension hypothermia
37
What is the carbon monixide toxicity treatment approach?
treat symptomatically 100% oxygen delivery regardless SPO2 early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on IV access Early sitrep, request backup Rapid transport
38
What is the benzodiazepine overdose treatment approach?
treat symptomatically consider: verbal de-escalation/QPS/physical restraint/EEA A - suctioning, early advanced airway management B - oxygen, IPPV C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on D - IV access, IV fluids, glucose Early sitrep, request backup early hospital notification; consider bypass Rapid transport
39
What is the hydrofluoric acid toxicity treatment approach?
FULL PPE remove soiled clothing, copiously irrigate treat symptomatically A - check and recheck B - check and recheck C - early 12 lead, serial print outs, pads on D - bilateral IV access, opioid pain relief, ice packs if topical Early sitrep, request CCP backup for 2.5% calcium gluconate early hospital notification
40
What are the carbon monoide toxicity signs and symptoms?
headache ALOC seizures coma cortical blindness dyspnoea/tachypnoea pulmonary oedema respiratory depression SpO2 reading may be high hypotension tachycardia haemodynamic instability cardiac dysrhythmias renal failure hypo/hyperglycaemia ataxia
41
What are the hydrofluoric toxicity signs and symptoms?
Significant pain ALOC anxiety confusion headaches seizures Tremors ataxia musocal bleeding (if inhaled) ulceration (if inhaled) haemoptysis (if inhaled) laryngeoedema/spasm (if inhaled) stridor (if inhaled) wheezing (if inhaled) hyperkalaemia QT prolongation peaked T waves, TdP/VT liquefactive necrosis ulceration renal failure

Bachelor of Paramedic Science (19 decks)

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