PNRC04

Question 1

Synonym for ground glass appearance

Answer 1

Reticulogranulonar

Question 2

Main difference between RDS and TTN (transient tachypnea of newborn)

Answer 2

TTN is only going to last for a few days and will only require O2 for treatment
*Remember RDS will require surfactant replacement

Question 3

Most commonly occurs in elective C-sections and is primarily caused by delayed reabsorption of the fetal lung fluid

Answer 3

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Question 4

interchangeable with CLD

Answer 4

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 5

Umbrella term for O2 dependant infants and gets classified by severity

Answer 5

BPD

Question 6

What are the three criteria to determine severity of BDP?

Answer 6

gestational age, age, and O2 needs

Question 7

Which baby will almost always be seen with O2?

Answer 7

BDP

Question 8

If RDS isn’t treated quickly/appropriately, what is the serious illness it can cause?

Answer 8

BPD Bronchopulmonarydysplasia

Question 9

Main treatment is resuscitation efforts

Answer 9

Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Question 10

Reticulograndular densities

Answer 10

Found in RDS

**Also referred to as ground glass

Question 11

Primary cause of RDS

Answer 11

Decreased surfactant production

Question 12

who is at greatest risk for Neonatal Pnuemonia?

Answer 12

Premature and low body weight infants

Question 13

Two main causes of neo pnuemonia and who is likely to have these infections

Answer 13

Group B strep in term/near term

E. Coli in LBW

Question 14

Increased respiratory distress AEB grunting

Answer 14

Primary s/s associated with Meconium aspiration syndrome

Question 15

MAS will most likely occur in ……

Answer 15

term to post-term

Question 16

Persistent pulmonary HTN can be a result of what dz if not treated correctly

Answer 16

MAS meconium aspiration syndrome

Question 17

Only infants that will ALWAYS have a PaO2 goal of 80-100

Answer 17

PPHN

**SpO2 goal is >95%

Question 18

Which dz need a PDA

Answer 18

hypoplastic left heart syndrome
tetrology of Fallot
coarction of aorta

Question 19

Which dz is caused by narrowing or the aorta

Answer 19

Coarction of the aorta

Question 20

Correct placement of an ETT on infant

Answer 20

between the clavicles and carina, below thoracic inlet

Question 21

What is an air bronchogram

Answer 21

dilated bronchi surrounded by consolidation

Question 22

Primary finding on x ray for PIE

Answer 22

pulmonary interstitial emphysema….on x ray looks SPONGE LIKE

Question 23

A pnuemothorax will appear how on an x ray?

Answer 23

transillumination will show a bright light on x ray (hyperluecency)
**will also have deep sulcus

Question 24

PaO2 goals for term and preterm

Answer 24

term 60-80

preterm 50-80

Question 25

How do you treat the flip flop phenomenon

Answer 25

This is when a slight drop of FiO2 results in a much larger drop in PaO2. ***With these patients you need to wean the FiO2 extremely carefully and slowly

Question 26

When weaning a patient with flip flop, is it time consuming?

Answer 26

YES....because you need to STAY IN THE ROOM when weaning them to monitor very closely

Question 27

DOC for apnea of prematurity

Answer 27

Caffeine

Question 28

crying in choanal atresia

Answer 28

This is okay and doesn't mean the infant is in distress. Remember that infants are obligatory nose breathers and this is blocked in this dz

Question 29

If you can't pass an 8Fr suction catheter, what should you assume?

Answer 29

The infant has choanal atresia

Question 30

Digoxin is used to treat ...

Answer 30

CHF

Question 31

Milrinone does what

Answer 31

Improves CO and contractility

Question 32

two diuretic drugs

Answer 32

lasix and **Bumetanide

Question 33

Drug that keeps the PDA open

Answer 33

Prostaglandin

Question 34

Drugs that close the PDA

Answer 34

O2, Neoprofen, Indocin

Question 35

Drug that treats pulmonary HTN

Answer 35

Talozine

Question 36

What type of drug is Versed

Answer 36

sedative

Question 37

Condition which the mandibular bone is under developed and what is the main problem

Answer 37

Pierre Robin | Main issue is the tongue is pushed back and likely causes obstruction

Question 38

Treatment of Pierre Robin

Answer 38

Place prone and might need an oral airway

Question 39

Three main symptoms with a TE fistula

Answer 39

Copious oral seretions, respiratory distress with feedings, continued regurgitation of feedings

Question 40

Scaphoid abdomen

Answer 40

Primary s/s of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 41

Three main things to remember in treatment of CDH (Hernia)

Answer 41

Never bag-mask them, Large og/ng tube, and needs to be intubated with ETT immediately

Question 42

gastroschisis vs omphalocele

Answer 42

In omphalocele, the organs are outside the body but still in the peritoneum while gastroschisis involves usually only the intestines and is not protected by the peritoneum making infection a massive problem

Question 43

Explain the scale for IVH

Answer 43

Scale of severity. Grade 1 to grade 4 | Grade 1 is least severe

Question 44

Number one hazard with transcutaneous monitoring

Answer 44

Thermal burns

Question 45

A loose probe during TC monitoring will look like what?

Answer 45

Higher PaO2 and lower CO2 | ***This is because there is a higher concentration of oxygen in RA and less CO2 compared to inside the body

Question 46

Two main uses of a UAC

Answer 46

umbilical artery catheter 1. Continuous BP monitoring 2. ABGs

Question 47

What four defects typically accompany tetrology of fallot?

Answer 47

VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 48

What treatment is always necessary for tetrology of fallot?

Answer 48

Surgery

Question 49

pulmonary veins connect to superior vena cava

Answer 49

TAPVR total anomalous pulmonary venous return | **Requires ASD to survive

Question 50

If the PDA doesn't close, what type of circulation will follow?

Answer 50

Persistent fetal circulation

Question 51

PDA is an opening between what?

Answer 51

the pulmonary artery and the aorta

Question 52

Norwood operation

Answer 52

This is the first surgery in staged reconstruction of HLHS

Question 53

What does TC monitoring read?

Answer 53

The patient's CO2 and O2

Question 54

Difference in upper vs lower extremity pulse strength

Answer 54

This is seen in coarction of the aorta

Question 55

On expiration where will the diaphragm be on x ray

Answer 55

6th or 7th rib on expiration

Question 56

air bronchgrams are seen in what dz

Answer 56

atelectasis

Question 57

sail sign on x ray

Answer 57

thymus gland

Question 58

What does the sponge like appearance represent in PIE on the x ray

Answer 58

this is from the air leaking from a lung puncture and migrating throughout the lung

Question 59

three main causes of atelectasis

Answer 59

airway obstruction compression sedation (breathing at low lung volumes)

Question 60

reopening of fetal shunting most commonly causes what

Answer 60

the flip flop phenomenon

Question 61

pneumonia will appear like what on x ray?

Answer 61

Patchy

Question 62

sponge-like

Answer 62

PIE

Question 63

who are the only infants that we want a PaO2 of 80-100 always?

Answer 63

PPHN