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MLT 203 > porphyrins and trace elements > Flashcards

porphyrins and trace elements Flashcards

1
Q

what is a prophyrin

A

a ring that carries iron

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2
Q

hemoglobin carries __% of iron

A

65%

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3
Q

myglobin carries __% of iron

A

10%

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4
Q

___% of iron is bound to enzymes

A

1-3%

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5
Q

storage forms of iron

A

ferritin

hemosiderin

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6
Q

plasma transport of iron is done by

A

transferrin

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7
Q

human body carries ___ g of iron

A

3-5 grams

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8
Q

where we get Heme

A

meats, organ meats

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9
Q

where we get non-heme iron

A

plants, iron-fortified foods

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10
Q

RDA for iron

A 
19-50 = 18 mg/day
51+ = 8 mg/day
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11
Q

ferrous iron (Fe2+)

A

absorbed form, bound to transferrin

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12
Q

Ferric iron (Fe3+)

A

dietary form (needs to be reduced)
transport/storage
encapsulated in ferritin and stored in liver, bone marrow, spleen

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13
Q

iron is lost by

A

RBC loss, desquamation

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14
Q

iron homeostasis is regulated via

A

intestinal absorption

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15
Q

transferrin is formed in ___

A

liver

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16
Q

trasnferrin transports ____ from GI tracts and delivers to receptor sites

A

Fe3+

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17
Q

when iron is needed in the body

A
  • released from ferritin, enters plasma
  • transferrin binds Fe3+
  • transports to bone marrow/liver
  • once delivered, trasnferrin recirculates
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18
Q

iron ref range men

A

65-175 ug/dL

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19
Q

iron ref range women

A

50-170 ug/dL

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20
Q

transferrin ref range

A

200-360 mg/dl

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21
Q

ferritin ref range male

A

20-250 ng/mL

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22
Q

ferritin ref range female

A

10-120 ng/mL

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23
Q

TIBC ref range

A

250-425 ug/dl

24
Q

% saturation transferrin ref range

25
decreased iron (chronic loss)
peptic ulcer excessive menstruation hemorrhoids gastritis
26
increased iron
hemochromatosis iron supplements transfusions RBC destruction
27
diseases with increased iron
lead poisoning pernicious anemia megaloblastic anemia
28
lab findings with iron deficiency anemia
- transferrin increased (attempt to transport Fe to depleted tissue) - %Saturation decreased (increased transferrin, decreased iron) - <10ng/mL Ferritin
29
Hemosiderosis
secondary/acquired iron accumulation | -iron supplements, blood transfusions
30
hemochromatosis
-mutation in HFE gene - iron accumulates in tissues - diabetes - hyperpigmentation - irreversible
31
hemochromatosis treatment
therapeutic phlebotomy | iron chelators
32
CBC and Iron
Hemoglobin/Hematocrit | Red cell count + RBC
33
Total iron test
Amount of Fe3+ bound to transferrin | does not include free iron
34
Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)
-amount of iron that could be bound if Transferrin were saturated.
35
Percent saturation
transferrin saturation
36
Calculating transferrin (TIBC) equation
TIBC=Iron+UIBC | TIBC x 0.70 = Transferrin mg/dL
37
% Saturation equation
% Saturation = (Total Iron/TIBC) * 100%
38
Useful to diagnose hypochromic anemias (increased iron, protein is less saturated)
Transferrin
39
Best Diagnostic test for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)
Ferritin | <10ng/mL = IDA
40
Ferritin is a _____ reactant | Transferrin is a _____ reactant
- acute phase | - negative acute phase
41
which tube for Iron tests
Plasma with heparin
42
Diurnal variation of Iron
increased in AM decreased in PM
43
IDA lab results
- decreased iron - increased transferrin - decreased ferritin - decreased saturation - increased TIBC
44
iron overdose lab findings
- increased iron - decreased trasnferrin - increased ferritin - increased saturation - decreased TIBC
45
hemochromatosis lab findings | -
- increased iron - decreased trasnferrin - increased ferritin - increased saturation - decreased TIBCq
46
malnutrition lab findings
- decreased iron - decreased transferrin - decreased ferritin - variable saturation - decreased TIBC
47
chronic anemia lab findings
- decreased iron - decreased transferrin - increased ferritin - decreased saturation - decreased TIBC
48
acute liver disease lab findings
- increased iron - variable transferrin - increased ferritin - increased saturation - variable TIBC
49
what are porphyrins
chemical intermediates in the synthesis of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other enzymes (pyrrole rings)
50
structure of porphyrins
Pyrrole rings
51
Iron is chelated within porphyrins to form heme
Protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = Heme
52
where heme is synthesize
Mitochondira/cytoplasm in bone marrow/liver
53
Enzyme deficiencies resulting in overproduction of heme precursors
porphyrin disorders
54
porphyrias
disorders of porphyrin metabolism
55
inherited porphyrias
-rare | =attacks lasting days-weeks
56
acquired porphyrias
- common - lead (most common) - alcohol, iron deficiency, liver/renal malfunction

MLT 203 (10 decks)

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