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Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the name of the treaty that established the Portuguese and English relationship with preferential tariffs? What year?

A

Treaty of Methuen in 1703

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2
Q

What did the Treaty of Methuen establish?

A

establishing a long-lasting trade agreement between the two nations and preferential tariffs for Portuguese wines

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3
Q

What happened to the Port market in the 1740s and 50s?

A

Because of high demand, fraudulent practices were rampant. English demand plummeted.

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4
Q

What did the Portuese do to restore English confidence in port after demand dropped in the 1740s/50s?

A

Established the Companhia Geral dos Vinhos do Alto Douro, or Douro Wine Company in 1756.

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5
Q

What does the Douro Wine Company exist as now? What body now manages regulation?

A

As the Royal Oporto Wine Company. The government-run Douro Port Wine Institute (IVDP) now regulates the trade.

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6
Q

What are the two types of classifications vineyards were divided into between 1758 and 1761 by the Douro Wine Company?

A

Feitoria - the 335 best vins for the English market

Rama - reserved for domestic consumption

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7
Q

What were four functions of the Douro Wine Company once it was established?

A

1- Regulated grape prices
2- fixed pricing on the finished wines,
3- managed exports
4- monopolized the sale of Portuguese brandy (aguardente) used in the fortification process

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8
Q

What happened to the demand in Port in the 1800s?

A

1 - Britain reopened trade; lost market share to Spain & France
2 - British preferred Sherry by late 1800s
3- American Civil War disrupted Madeira trade in US
4 - Powdery and downy mildew - 1850s
5 - Phylloxera in 1867

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9
Q

What region was spared from Phylloxera in Portugal in the 1860s?

A

Colares

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10
Q

What legal changes were made that affected the Portuguese wine industry in the 20s and 30s?

A

Established Região Demarcada in 1929

Junta Nacional do Vinhos in 1937, which consolidated small vineyards into large cooperatives

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11
Q

What changed for Portugal in the 1980s that changed the wine industry?

A

Entered European Union in 1986

Power of the cooperatives tumbled and foreign investment increased

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12
Q

What are the 9 subregions of Vinho Verde north to south (ish)?

A 
Monção e Melgaço
Lima
Cávado
Basto
Ave
Sousa
Amarante
Baião
Paiva
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13
Q

With what IGP is the DOC of Vinho Verde contiguous?

A

Minho IGP

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14
Q

Describe the climate of Vinho Verde

A

cool, rainy, Atlantic-influenced

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15
Q

What is the principal vitiucultral threat in Vinho Verde?

A

Grey rot

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16
Q

What is the historical and famous training method in Vinho Verde? Why?

A

Enforcado aka pergola

Reduced grey rot and allowed to grow other crops underneath

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17
Q

What is the largest DOP in Portugal?

A

Vinho Verde

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18
Q

What river forms the northern border of Vinho Verde?

A

the Minho River

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19
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Vinho Verde?

A

Loureiro

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20
Q

Besides Loureiro, what are four other white grapes found in Vinho Verde?

A

Trajadura (Treixadura), Avesso, Pedernã (Arinto), and the Spanish Albariño

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21
Q

Where can you find high quality varietal Alvarinho in Vinho Verde?

A

In Monção e Melgaço

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22
Q

Monção e Melgaço is directly across the Minho River from what part of Rias Biaxas?

A

Condado do Tea

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23
Q

What are four red grapes of Vinho Verde?

A

Vinhão (a teinturier grape)
Espadeiro
Borraçal
Alvarelhão

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24
Q

How does most white Vinho Verde get its sparkle?

A

CO2 injection before bottling

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25
How does most red Vinho Verde get its sparkle?
Malo in bottle
26
What happened to the former Indicação de Proveniencia Regulamentada category?
They became DOPs.
27
How are DOPs labeled in Portugal?
Probably as DOP, but can be DOC within the country
28
What is the name of IGP wines for Portugal? How are they referred within the country?
``` Indicação Geogràfica (IG) Vinhos Regional (VR) within Portugal ```
29
What is the table wine designation in Portugal?
Vinho or Vinhos de Mesa
30
What is the minimum percentage of grapes that must be in the stated region for IGP/IG/VR wines in Portugal?
at least 85%
31
What is the DOP within the Transmontano IGP?
Trás-os-Montes DOP
32
What are the three non-contiguous subregions of Trás-os-Montes?
Chaves Valpaços Planalto Mirandés
33
What are four important red grapes of Transmontano?
``` Touriga Nacional Tinta Roriz Bastardo (Trousseau) Touriga Francesa Trincadeira ```
34
What are the white grapes of Transmontano?
``` Fernão Pires Síria Viosinho Gouveio (Godello) Malvasia Fina Rabigato ```
35
What styles of wine are allowed to be made in Transmontano?
Red, white, rose, sparkling and aguardente
36
What styles of wine are made in the Minho?
Red White and Rose Sparkling (9mos on lees) Aguardente In Monção e Melgaço - Varietal Alvarinho still and sparkling
37
What is are the DOPs contained within the IGP of Vinho Regional Duriense?
Douro DOP and Porto DOP
38
Douro DOP and Porto DOP are contained within what IGP?
Duriense IGP
39
Through what mountains does the Douro river carve its way?
Marão and Montemuro Mountains | granite
40
What is the preferred soil type for port?
Schist
41
What is the climate of the Douro valley?
Continental | severely hot summers and freezing winters
42
What are the three subzones of the Douro/Porto?
- Baixo Corgo (west, highest density of plantings) - Cima Corgo (highest total vineyard acreage) - Douro Superior (largest, arid, sparsest)
43
What kind of wines are released as Douro DOP?
- Tables wines (red, white, and rose) - licoroso (fortified) Moscatel do Douro - Espumanto do Douro (sparkling wines) - Colheita Tardia (late harvest wines)
44
How much of the Douro region's wines are released as Porto?
about 50%
45
What are five principal red grapes of the Douro/Porto?
``` Touriga Nacional Touriga Franca Tinta Roriz Tinta Cão Tinta Barroca ```
46
What are four white grapes of the Douro/Porto?
Malvasia Fina Viosinho Rabigato Gouveio
47
What type of Moscatel is used for fortified Moscatel wines? Can they have an age range?
Moscatel Galego | Yes, they have an age range like tawny port
48
What are the minimum ABVs for Douro wines? Reserva?
white and rosado - 10.5%, 11.5% for Reserva | Red - 11%, 12% for Reserva
49
What are the aging requirements for white and red Reserva Douro wines?
white - 6 months | red - 1 year
50
What are the names of the famous boats of Port?
Barcos Rabelos
51
Where do the Barcos Rabelos travel from to get to the place to store and mature the wines?
They leave from Pinhão in the Cima Corgo downriver to Vila Nova de Gaia, a suburb of Oporto
52
How can Douro wines be labeled Grande Reserva?
They meet the requirements for Reserva and then they score high on an IVDP tasting
53
Historically, from where did Port have to be stored and shipped? When did this change?
From Vila Nova de Gaia, until 1986 when Portugal entered the EU. Removing this restriction paved the way for smaller quintas
54
Where is Quinta do Vale Meão located? Why is it famous?
Located in Douro Superior | It used to the primary source for Barca Velha
55
Into what IGP was the massive Beiras IGP split into in 2011?
Terras do Dão Terras de Cister Terras da Beira Beira Atlântico`
56
What DOPs lie within Terras do Dão IGP?
Dão DOP and Lafões DOP
57
What DOPs lie within Beira Atlântico IGP?
Just one - Bairrada DOP and one subzone, Terras do Sicó
58
What DOP is within Terras de Cister IGP?
Távora-Varosa DOP
59
To what kind of wine production is Távora-Varosa DOP dedicated?
It is mostly sparkling wine
60
What DOP is within the Terras da Beira IGP?
Beira Interior DOP | mostly coops, not a lot of producers
61
What are the three subzones of the Beira Interior DOP?
Beira Castelo Rodrigo Cova da Beira Pinhel
62
What are the 7 subzones of the Dão DOP?
``` Serra da Estrela (for Portugal’s highest mountain range) Alva Besteiros Castendo Silgueiros Terras de Azurara, Terras de Senhorim ```
63
What is the climate of the Dão DOP?
hot and dry in the growing season, but receives adequate rainfall in the cold winter months Sheltered on three sides by mountains, so it doesn't get the winds of the hot interior, or the wet, cool maritime climate High altitude retains acidity
64
What grape is a signature component of Dão DOP blends?
Touriga Nacional
65
What styles of wine are produced in the Dão DOP?
Red, white, rose, and espumante, although red wines account for over 3/4 of the total output
66
What are the recommended red grapes of Dão DOP?
``` Touriga Nacional Jaen Touriga Franca Alfrocheiro Aragonez Bastardo Rufete Trincadeira Tinta Cão ```
67
What are three recommended white grapes of the Dão DOP?
Encruzado Bical Cercial Barcelo, Malvasia Fina, Rabo de Ovelha, Terrantez, Uva Cão, Verdelho
68
Can experimental grapes like Cabernet Sauvignon and Semillon be used in Dão DOP wines?
Yes, but they may not make up more than 40% of the blend
69
What are the three terms that may be applied to Dão DOP red and white wines with additional abv and aging?
Reserva Garrafeira Nobre
70
What are the four DOPs of the Algarve?
``` West to East Lagos Portimão Lagoa Tavira (Lounging Portuguese Leave Tan) ```
71
What are grape varieties for red | DOP Lagos, DOP Portimão, and DOP Tavira?
Min. 70% combined Castelão, Negra Mole, and Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela) plus Alicante Bouschet, Aragonez, Bastardo, Cabernet Sauvignon, Touriga Nacional Lagos - plus Monvedro as accessory Tavira - plus Syrah as accessory Portimão - plus both Syrah and Monvedro
72
What are the grape varieties for white DOP Lagos?
Min. 70% combined Arinto (Pedernã), Malvasia Fina, and Síria (Roupeiro) plus Manteúdo, Moscatel Graúdo, Perrum
73
What grape varieties for red Lagoa DOP?
Min. 70% combined Negra Mole and Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela) plus Alicante Bouschet, Aragonez, Bastardo, Castelão, Cabernet Sauvignon, Moreto, Monvedro, Syrah, Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional (same as Lagos, Portimão, and Tavira except Castelão is accessory with the addition of Moreto and Touriga Franca)
74
What are the grape varieties for white Lagoa DOP, Portimão, and Tavira DOP?
Min. 70% combined Arinto (Pedernã) and Síria (Roupeiro); Manteúdo and Moscatel Graúdo are accessories for all Lagoa plus Perrum, Rabo de Ovelha, Sauvignon Blanc Portimão: plus , Perrum, Rabo de Ovelha Tavira plus Diagalves and Tamarez
75
What are the minimum alcohol levels for red and white DOPs of the Algarve?
All four DOP are White - 11.5% red 12% (Lagos, Portimão, Lagoa, Tavira)
76
What is the aging requirement for red DOP Algarve wines?
All four DOPs require 6 months aging for reds | Lagoa, Portimão, Lagoa, Tavira
77
From where do Tejo and Alentejo get their names?
The Tejo, or Tegus, River
78
What is the genus and species of cork trees?
Quercus suber
79
What islands does the Terras Madeirenses IGP encompass?
Madeira and Porto Santo | There are also a few uninhabitable islands called the Ilhas Desertas
80
What are the two DOPs of the islands of Madeira?
Madeira DOP and Madeirense DOP
81
What styles of wine may be produced under the Madeirense DOP?
Red, white, and rose
82
What are a few grapes from which Madeirense DOP is made?
``` Verdelho Arnsburger (a Riesling crossing developed at Geisenheim) Cabernet Sauvignon Tinta Negra Syrah ```
83
What is the regulatory body of Madeira?
IVBAM Instituto do Vinho, do Bordado e do Artesanato da Madeira The Wine, Embroidery and Handicraft Institute of Madeira
84
Name a cooperative of Madeirense wine.
IVBAM operates a cooperative for Madeirense DOP
85
How many islands make us the Açores Islands? How many have DOPs?
9 total | 3 have DOPS: Pico, Graciosa, and Terceira (Biscoitos DOP)
86
Of three DOPs of the Açores Islands, which are fortified and unfortified?
Pico - fortified Graciosa - table wine Terceira - fortified
87
What island is Biscoitos DOP located on?
Terceira in the Açores Islands
88
What style of wines does the Graciosa DOP produce?
``` Dry white wines from Verdelho Arinto (Pedernã) Terrantez Malvasia Fina Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes) ```
89
What style of wines does the Biscoitos DOP produce?
Fortified white wines from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez | 16%min abv, 36 mos required in wood
90
What style of wine does the Pico DOP produce?
Fortified white wines from Verdelho, Arinto and Terrantez | 16% min abv and 36 mos in wood
91
Describe the terrain of Pico DOP.
Located on the island of Pico in the Açores Islands Has the highest peak in Portugal with a volcano 7,500 feet above sea level Vines are protected from winds by walls made from volcanic stone
92
What is the DOP of the Tejo? What did it used to be called?
DoTejo DOP | Was Ribatejo until 2010
93
What grapes are allowed for Ribatejo production?
EVERYTHING literally dozens of grapes for red and white
94
In practice, what grapes and styles domiante DoTejo DOP?
Castelão for red Fernão Pires for white Whites outnumber reds
95
How big is DoTejo is respect to the Tejo overall?
Miniscule: 1,850 ha compared to 22,300 for the IGP
96
What are the six subzones of DoTejo DOP?
``` Almeirim Cartaxo Chamusca Coruche Santarém Tomar ACCCST ```
97
What are the 8 subzones of Alentejo DOP?
``` North to South: Portalegre Borba Redondo Évora Reguengos Granja-Amareleja Vidigueira Moura ```
98
Of the eight subzones of Alentejo, which one shows the most promise? Why?
Portalegre | Because of it on the cool granitic slopes in the northernmost sector of the São Mamede Mountains
99
What styles are authorized for Alentejo DOP?
Red, white, rose, espumante, aguardente | Red wine production is most frequent with Trincadeira as the region's most prominent grape
100
What is the most planted white grape of Portugal?
Fernão Pires (Maria Gomes)
101
What are the volcanic stone walls on the Acores Islands called?
curraletas
102
What are curraletas?
The volcanic stone walls on the Acores Islands
103
What is a CVR in Portugal?
Comissão Vitivinícola Regional The governing body of each region E.g.: Comissão Vitivinícola Regional CVRA is Comissão Vitivinícola Regional Alentejano
104
What is the most widely planted red grape in Portugal?
Castelão

Portugal (3 decks)

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