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Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

Which country rivals France for highest per capita wine consumption in the world

A

Portugal

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2
Q

When was Madeira archipalego discovered by Portugal

A

1419

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3
Q

What was the nickname given to port in 17th century by British

A

Blackstrap

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4
Q

Which abbaye in Douro valley was practicing Mutage in 17th century, discovered by British

A

Lamego, abbot of Lamego practiced mutage in 1678

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5
Q

When did the trade embargo on French wines began in Britain, popularising Portuguese wines

A

1679

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6
Q

Which was the first established port shipper

A

Kopke, 1638.

Established by German Christiano Kopke

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7
Q

What are the classification levels of Portuguese wines

A

DOP - Denominacao de Origem Protegida (DOC earlier)
IGP - Indicacao Geografica Protegida (VR formerly)
Vinho (Vinho de mesa earlier)
IPR catagory was eliminated and all promoted to DOP in 2011

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8
Q

What does Portuguese DOP regulates

A

Allowed styles of wines
Max Yields
Min alcohol
Ageing

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9
Q

What does IGP catagory in Portugal regulates

A

Min 85% of red grapes grown in the region
Permitted varietals (Larger range than DOP)
Min alcohol

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10
Q

How many DOP’s and IGP’s exist in Portugal

A

14 IGP’s

31 DOP’s

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11
Q

Name the 14 IGP’s of Portugal, North to South

A 
Minho
Transmontano
Duriense
Terras do Dao
Terras do Cister
Terras do Beira
Beira Atlantico
Tejo
Lisboa
Alentejano
Peninsula de Setubal
Algarve
Terras Madeirenses
Acores
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12
Q

What does the term Garrafeira on Portuguese table wines mean

A

Tinto- Min 30 months ageing, 12 in bottle

Branco and Rosado - min 12 months ageing, 6 in bottle

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13
Q

What does Garrafeira means for Port

A

Produced by Niepoort Family
Colheita styled vintage port
Aged in wood from 3 to 6 years
Further aged in glass demijohns for min 8 years, usually much more

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14
Q

What does Reserva means on a still wine bottle in Portugal

A

Min 0.5% higher alcohol than the legal minimum of the DOP or IGP
Stricter requirements from individual DOP’s may supersede this

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15
Q

What does Reserva means on a sparkling wine bottle in Portugal

A

Min 12 months on the lees prior to disgorgement

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16
Q

What does Colheita Seleccionada means on a bottle of a still wine in Portugal

A

Min 1% higher alcohol than the regional appellation

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17
Q

Which are the most planted red and white casta of portugal

A

Tinta Roriz/Aragonez/Tempranillo

Fernao Pires/Maria Gomez

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18
Q

What is the popular grape of Periquita brand? Who makes it

A

Castelao - a red grape producing full bodied, tannic wines with meaty, red fruit aromas
Jose Maria de Fonseca produces Periquita wine

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19
Q

What is the portuguese name for Mencia grape

A

Jaen

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20
Q

What are the synonyms of Touriga Nacional

A

Bical Tinto

Mortagua Preto

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21
Q

What is the synonym of Trincadeira

A

Tinta Amarela

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22
Q

What is the name used for Sercial of Madeira on the Portuguese mainland

A

Esgana Cao

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23
Q

What is the DOP in Minho IGP

A

Vinho Verde DOP

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24
Q

What training system is used in Vinho Verde/Minho

A

Enforcado (Pergola style, growing on stakes, farming as canopy)

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25
What are the benefits of Enforcado system
Reduces fungal diseases in a wet climate | Gives space to grow another crop under the canopy
26
What kind of soils and climate are found in Vinho Verde
Cool, rainy, Atlantic influenced climate Gentler slopes of shallow granitic soils Steeper terraced vineyards inland and in mountains
27
Which subregion of Vinho Verde is known for varietal Alvarinho wines
Moncao e Melgaco
28
Which is the most planted grape in Vinho Verde
Lourinho
29
What is the name of Arinto in Vinho Verde
Paderna
30
What makes the gentle sparkle possible in the still wines of Vinho Verde
CO2 injection prior to bottling, red wines from malolactic fermentation in the bottle.
31
What are the subregions of Vinho Verde DOP
``` Moncao e Melgaco Lima Cavado Basto Ave Amarante Sousa Baiao Paiva ```
32
Which subregions of Vinho Verde are south of Douro river
Baiao | Paiva
33
What styles are permitted in Vinho Verde DOP
White, Rose and Reds. Late harvest, sparkling and varietal Alvarinho in Moncao e Melgaco
34
What is the min RS required in Vinho Verde DOP Vendimia Tardia wines
45g/l
35
What are the main varietals used for White and Red Vinho Verde
Loureiro, followed by Trajadura, Avesso, Paderna and Alvarinho Reds from Vinhao (Teinturier) Espadeiro, Borracal and Alvarelhao
36
What is the DOP region in Transmontano IGP
Tras os Montes DOP
37
What are the 3 non contiguous sub regions of Tras os Montes DOP
Chaves Valpacos Planalto Mirandes
38
What kind of climate is found in Transmontano
Dry, hot and mountainous, some high altitude vineyards preserve acidity Schist and granite soils
39
Which other region was previously included in Transmontano IGP
Douro/Porto
40
What are the styles permitted in Tras os Montes DOP
All styles, Red, Rose, White, Sparkling and Fortified permitted
41
What are the different styles of Vinho Espumante in Tras os Montes DOP
DOP - 9 months ageing Reserva - 12 to 24 months Extra Reserva - 24 to 36 months Reserva Velha/Grande Reserva - Min 3 years
42
What are the different grapes permitted in Tras os Montes
White: Fernao Pires, Siria, Viosinho, Gouveio, Rabigato Red: Touriga Nacional, Tinta Roriz, Bastardo (Trousseau)
43
Which IGP covers Douro and Porto DOPs
Duriense IGP
44
Which mountain ranges are found in Douro
Marao | Montemuro
45
What kind of geography and climate are found in Douro
Mountainous region becoming drier towards the east Schist and granite based soils Steep slopes with terraced vineyards Severely hot summers and cold winters
46
What are the subzones of Douro DOP
Baixo Corgo Cima Corgo Douro Superiore
47
What wines are produced in Douro DOP
White, Rose, Red, Sparkling and Moscatel de Douro (Fortified)
48
What is the min ageing and alcohol required for Moscatel de Douro wines
18 months | Min 16.5% alc
49
What are the key red and white grapes of Douro
Reds: Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Cao and Tinta Barocca White: Malvasia Fina, Viosinho, Rabigato, Gouveio
50
Which red wine in 1952 pioneered the dry wine catagory in Douro
Barca Velha - Ferreira (owned by Sogrape)
51
Which quinta in Douro Superiore established itself for dry wines, after supplying fruit for Barca Velha initially
Quinta do Vale Meao
52
Which grape is used for Moscatel do Douro wines
Moscatel Galego
53
What are the min alcohol required in Douro
10. 5% for white and rose, 11% for reds | 11. 5% for reserva white and rose, 12% for reserva reds
54
What are the criteria to follow for alcohol and ageing of reserva and grande reserva wines in Douro
Reserva: Min 1% extra alcohol than DOP min (11.5 for white and rose, 12 for reds) Min 6 months ageing for white/rose, 1 yr for reds Grande Reserva: All reservas that score exceptionally well in blind tasting can be labelled Grande Reserva
55
What are the 4 IGPs carved out of former Beiras IGP
Terras do Dao Terras do Cister Terras de Beira Beira Atlantico
56
What are the DOPs in Terras do Dao IGP
Dao DOP | Lafoes DOP
57
What kind of geography and climate is found in Dao DOP
Sheltered by 3 mountain ranges, protected from harsh continental winds Insulated from cool maritime winds from coast as well as the wet weather Hot and dry in growing season, rainfall in winters High elevation vineyards at 400 - 500 m Granitic soils
58
What are the 7 subregions of Dao
``` Serra de Estrella Alva Besteiros Castendo Silgueiros Terras de Azurara Terras de Senhorim ```
59
What styles of wines are permitted in Dao
Red, white, rose and sparkling | Mainly reds are produced
60
What are the major grapes in Dao
Reds: Touriga Nacional, Jaen, Touriga Franca, Alfocheiro, Aragonez, Bastardo Whites: Encruzado, Bical, Cercial
61
Which international grapes are permitted with conditions in Dao
Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir White: Semillon, Pinot Blanc Allowed if planted earlier than 1993 and may be less than 40% of the blend. No replantings allowed
62
What is the min alc required for wines in Dao
``` Branco, Tinto and Rosado - 11% Riserva - 11.5% Garrafeira: 11.5% Nobre Branco - 12% Nobre Rosado and Tinto - 13% Nobre Riserva/Garrafeira Branco - 12.5% Nobre Riserva/Garrafeira Tinto and Rosado - 13.5% ```
63
What is the min ageing required for Branco Dao
Branco - None Branco Riserva - 6 months Branco Garrafeira, Nobre, Nobre Riserva - 12 months Branco Nombre Garrafeira - 18 months
64
What are the min ageing requirements of Tinto and Rosado wines in Dao
``` Tinto and Rosado - 8 months Riserva - 24 months Garrafeira and Nobre - 36 months Nobre Riserva - 42 months Nobre Garrafeira - 48 months ```
65
What kind of wines are permitted in Lafoes DOP
Branco and Tinto
66
What are the key grape varieties in Lafoes DOP
Tinto: Amaral, Jaen and Pilango Branco: Arinto, Cercial
67
Which is the DOP region in Beira Atlantico IGP
Bairrada DOP
68
What are the subzones of Beira Atlantico
Terras de Sico
69
What kind of climate and geography are found in Bairrada DOP
Mild continental climate with good rainfall Clay soils, predominently used for red grapes Sandy soils used for white grapes
70
What kind of wines are permitted in Bairrada DOP
White, rose, red, sparkling and fortified
71
What are the key grapes grown and used in Bairrada wines
Reds - Mainly Baga with Touriga Nacional, Castelao, Jaen and Alfocheiro Whites - Maria Gomez (Fernao Pires) with Arinto
72
What is Bairrada Clasico
White and red wines can be labeled classico if they follow White: 12% alc and 12 months ageing, 6 in bottle Reds: 12.5% alc and 30 months ageing, 12 in bottle
73
Which DOP is directly south of Douro river and north of Terras do Dao, famous for it's sparkling wines
Tavora Varosa DOP
74
Which IGP is Tavora Varosa located in
Terras do Cister
75
What kind of soils are found in Tavora Varossa
Granitic soils
76
What styles are permitted in Tavora Varossa
Mainly sparkling whites and red | Still whites, rose and reds also permitted
77
What are the main grapes used for sparkling wines in Tavora Varossa
White: Bical, Arinto, Chardonnay, Fernao Pires Reds: Alvarelhao, Aragonez, Pinot Noir, Barca
78
Which is the DOP region in Terras do Beira IGP
Beira Interior DOP
79
What are the subregions in Beira Interior DOP
Cova de Beira Pinhel Beira Castelo Rodrigo
80
What are the grapes of Beira Interior, permitted for seleccio wines
Red: Mim 80% combined Aragonez, Bastardo, Rufete, Touriga Nacional and Trincadeira Whites: Min 80% combined Arinto, Malvasia Fina, Siria, Bical and Tamarez
81
What is the additional alcohol and ageing requirement in Seleccao wines of Beira Interior DOP
1% extra alcohol (12% for whites, 13% for reds) 6 months ageing for whites 12 months ageing for reds
82
What are the DOP's in Lisboa IGP
``` Encostas de Aire Lourinha Obidos Torres Vedras Alenquer Arruda Colares Bucelas Carcavelos ```
83
What are the subzones in northern half of Lisboa IGP
Alta Estremadura Estremadura Both overlapped by Encostas de Aires DOP
84
Which DOP of Lisboa produces Aguardente
Lourinha
85
Which DOP's are closest to the capital city Lisbon
Bucelas Colares Carcavelos
86
Which DOP makes medieval d' Ourem. What is it?
A cofermented wine made with 80% Fernao Pires and 20% Trincadeira made in Ourem subzone in Encostas d' Aire DOP
87
What are the subzones of Encostas d' Aire DOP
Ourem | Alcobaca
88
What kind of wines are produced in Bucelas
White wines and sparkling wines | Min 75% Arinto, plus Sercial and Rubo de Ovelha
89
What kind of soils are found in Bucelas
Sandy Loam soils
90
What kind of soils are found in Colares DOP
Chao de Areia - sandy soils famous for growing red Ramisco grape Chao Rija - Clay soils for primarily Castelao and Malvasia
91
What are the key grape varieties and ageing required for Colares wines
Reds - Ramisco mainly with Castelao (18 in wood, 6 in btl) | Whites - Malvasia mainly (6 in wood, 3 in bottle)
92
What kind of wines are produced in Carcavelos
Fortified wines - both red and white
93
What is the min RS and ageing required for Carcavelos DOP and wines
150 g/l RS, 30 months ageing - 24 in wood, 6 in bottle | Min alcohol 15% (22% max)
94
What are the authorised grapes for Carcavelos
Reds - min 75% Castelao and Preto Martinho | Whites - Min 75% Arinto, Ratinho and Galego Dourado
95
What are the vinho abafado in Carcavelos
Partially fermented musts preserved with alcohol, used for fortification and sweetening of Carcavelos wines
96
Which IGP was formerly known as Terras do Sado
Peninsula de Setubal IGP
97
What are the DOP's in Peninsula de Setubal IGP
Setubal DOP | Palmela DOP
98
Which two river estuaries are defining features of Peninsula de Setubal
Tagus Estuary | Sado estuary
99
What kind of climate and geography is found in Peninsula de Setubal
Mediterranean climate Low lying sandy plains in east of Palmela Clay limestone lower slopes of Arrabida mountains
100
What are the key varietals used for producing wines in Palmela DOP
Reds: Min 66.7% Castelao with other Portuguese and International red grapes Whites: Typically high proportion of Fernao Pires and Arinto with many Portuguese and international varietals
101
Which other Portuguese fortified wine other than Madeira is known for Torna Viagem ageing
Vinhos Licoroso of Setubal
102
Who is the largest and most known producer of Setubal DOP
J. M. de Fonseca
103
What creates the pungent floral fragrance in Setubal fortified wines
Lengthy maceration on Muscat skins
104
What grapes are traditionally used in producing Setubal DOP wines
Reds: Min 75% Moscatel Galago Roxo with Aragonez, Castelao, Touriga Nacional Whites: Min 67% Moscatel de Setubal with Arinto, Fernao Pires
105
What are the min alc and RS required in Setubal
Min 16% (22% max) 280 g/l upto 20 years age 340 g/l for wines over 20 years age
106
What are the catagories and ageing designations of Setubal
Normal - min 18 months Superior - min 5 years 10/20/30/40+ years old
107
Which river passes through both Tejo and Alentejo
Tagus river
108
What is the sole DO of Tejo IGP
DoTejo DOP
109
What was the former name of DoTejo DOP
Ribatejo
110
What are the subregions of Do Tejo DOP
``` Coruche Chamusca Cartaxo Santarem Tomar Almeirim ```
111
What are the key grapes in Tejo IGP
Castelao for reds | Fernao Pires for white
112
Which IGP covers the largest landmass on Portuguese mainland
Alentejano IGP
113
What kind of geography and climate is found in Alentejano IGP
Mostly arid plains requiring irrigation Sandy alluvial soils Hot continental climate
114
Which subregion of Alentejo DOP is considered the best? Why?
Portalegre | Due to its location on cooler, granitic slopes of Sao Memede mountain range
115
What are the subregions of Alentejo DOP
``` Portalegre Borba Redondo Reguengos Vidiguiera Evora Granja Amareleja Moura ```
116
What is Vinho de Talha in Alentejo DOP
Wines fermented in clay Amphorae can be labeled as Vinho de Talha in Alentejo DOP
117
Which is the most prominent grape of Alentejo DOP
Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
118
Which other wine related crop is Alentejano known for
Quercus Suber (Cork Tree)
119
What are the DOPs of Algarve IGP
Lagos Lagoa Portimao Tavira
120
What are the key grapes in Algarve
Reds: Castelao, Tinta Negra and Trincadeira Whites: Arinto, Malvasia and Siria (Roupeiro)
121
What kind of climate is found in Algarve
Hot seaside climate, not suitable for fine wines
122
Which IGP and DOP cover dry wines of Madeira
Terras Madeirenses IGP | Madeirense DOP
123
Which group of islands other than Madeira is known for producing wines in Portugal
Acores (Azores) | Encompasses 9 islands (3 have DOP's)
124
What are the DOP's in Acores IGP
Pico Graciosa Biscoitos
125
What kind of wines are DOP's of Acores known for
Pico and Biscoitos are known for their fortified white wines | Graciosa is mainly known for dry white wines
126
What kind of geography and climate is found on Acores islands
Warm mediterranean climate | Volcanic soils
127
Which is the highest point in Portugal for viticulture
Pico island, apex at the volcano - 7500 ft
128
What particular structures on Pico islands save the vines from the sea winds
Walls hewn from Volcanic stones
129
What are the main grapes of Acores
Verdelho Arinto de Acores Terrantes de Pico
130
What is the min ageing required for fortified wines in Pico
24 months in wood
131
Which DOP is on the island of Terceira
Biscoitos DOP

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