Positioning

Question 1

Types of ROM Exercise

Answer 1

1. Active ROM - Performed by patient independently
2. Active Assisted ROM - Performed when patient needs assistance with movement from an external force because of weakness
3. Passive ROM - performed when the patient is unable or not permitted to move the body segment, and the clinical/family member moves body
   - paralysis
   -comatose

Question 2

Assistive Devices

Answer 2

Wheelchair - Device for seating
Canes - walking sticks / for moderate levels of mobility impairment
Crutches - serve to increase size of individual support
1. Forearm Crutches
2. Gutter Crutches
Walker - has for points of contact to ground.

Question 3

This can also be called a straight cane and
it is generally made of wood or aluminum. These canes can be used for patients with mild sensory or coordination problems found in visual, auditory, vestibular, peripheral proprioceptive, or central cerebellar disease.

Answer 3

Standard canes:

Question 4

These canes are usually made from aluminum
and the lengths are also adjustable with no need for custom fittings. The type of patients in need of this cane are those with
painful gait disorders like that of mild to moderate antalgic gait gotten from hip or knee osteoarthritis.

Answer 4

Offset Cane

Question 5

This is a four-legged cane
usually made of aluminum. This cane permits more weight bearing, increases base of support and provides more stability for the patient. It can also stand by itself freeing the patient to use his or her hands.

Answer 5

Quadripod (quad) cane

Question 6

This is also known as a walk cane. It is
made of aluminum and has a vertical component with a handle and two legs, and another component with two additional legs angled away from the patient.

Answer 6

Hemi walker

Question 7

Commonly for patient examination
For post op spinal surgery
Usually for sleeping

Answer 7

Supine

Question 8

Access on lower pelvis
For rectal, genital and vaginal examinations

Answer 8

Dorsal recumbent

Question 9

On their back with hips and knees flexed
Vaginal Examination
Child birth

Answer 9

Lithotomy

Question 10

Head of bed is 15-30 degrees
- to reduce lower back pain
- to prevent aspiration during tube feeding

Answer 10

Low fowler

Question 11

Head of bed is 30-35 degrees
- promotes lung expansion esp. with ventilator assisted patieents.
- for oral care
- for gastric feedings

Answer 11

Semi fowlers

Question 12

Head of bed is raised appx. 45-60 degrees
- promotes lung expansion
- for NGT insertion
- for nasotracheal suction
- eases difficult breathing

Answer 12

High fowlers

Question 13

Patient on sitting position on side of bed with overbed table to lean on

For patients with COPD, Orthopnea (dyspnea when lying down)
For maximum lung expansion

Answer 13

Orthopneic position (tripod)

Question 14

Entire bedframe tilted with head of bed down
For postural drainage
Venous return

Answer 14

Trendelenburgs

Question 15

Entire bedfram tilted with foot of bed down
Promotes gastric emptying

Answer 15

Reverse trendelenburgs

Question 16

Relieves pressure on sacrum and heels
Surgical access for thorax, kidney, and hip

Answer 16

Lateral position (side lying position)

Question 17

Halfway between lateral and prone position

Answer 17

Sims position

Question 18

Cerebrospinal fluid aspiration
Spinal anesthesia

Answer 18

Fetal position

Question 19

For patient with COVID and ARDS
Drainage of secretions
Back surgery

Answer 19

Prone position

Question 20

Usual position for sigmoidoscopy
Gynecologic examination
Rectal examination

Answer 20

Lateral knee chest position

Question 21

patient kneels on the table and lowers their shoulders onto the table, so their chest and face rest on the table.

Answer 21

Prone Knee chest position